Suchergebnisse

The article deals with the legal regulation for removal from the right to inheritance and law enforcement of the norm of Art. 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The study aims at developing the theoretical foundations of the application of this legal norm on the basis of analysis of legislation and case law. Such methods and approaches as systematic analysis and competent legal interpretation have been applied. The Civil Code of Ukraine regulates cases and removal of grounds for the right to inheritance. Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine is applied to heirs at law; it distinguishes cases and grounds for exclusion from the right to inheritance by various criteria. However, what is typical for the countries of the continental group, the law needs to be clarified, first of all at the level of law enforcement practice. The highest jurisdiction of Ukraine – the Supreme Court of Ukraine and the Supreme Court, made appropriate clarifications and interpretations of relevant legal norms at the general theoretical level (decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine) and at the level of unification of general practice through expressing a legal position in specific cases. Such interpretation should be considered clearly and sufficiently for further processing. However, judicial interpretation is not competent to correct legislative inaccuracies. And the case law itself is characterized by a tautology and inconsistency, when the departure from the previously adopted legal position is disguised under the difference of legal and factual grounds of the claim. The results of such miscalculations include variability of methods of judicial protection for the heirs of the first turn (paragraph 2, part 3 of Article 1224 and part 5 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine) and procedural difficulties in proving claims – proving the testator's helplessness, address need assistance from the defendant, etc. In addition to legal uncertainty, which results in the poor functioning of institutions of exclusion from the right to inherit, this state of affairs creates grounds for abuse of rights. The authors propose measures to solve the problem, which can be divided into several groups. The first concerns amendments to Paragraph 2, Part 3 of Art. 1224 and Part 5 of Art. 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine: in terms of the subject composition, in particular, the permission of the heirs of other than the first turn, the order of inheritance, to sue on the basis of Paragraph 2 of part 3 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. The second is aimed at intensifying the institution provided by Paragraph 2 of Part 3 of Article 1224 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, inter alia, due to the uniformity and consistency of judicial practice. The introduction of the principle of participation in inheritance by bona fide heirs as a reward for their care of the testator, and the relatively easy removal of the right to inherit those who did not show such care, will also contribute to the revival of law enforcement. Finally, the third group of measures is related to the promotion of inheritance through wills, which will limit the number of disputes in inheritance cases (mainly cases of invalidation of the will) and put an end to the issue of exclusion from the right to inherit.

The article describes a methodical approach to assessing the efficiency of labor market regulation in Ukraine, the essence of which is the possibility of conducting a partial and integrated assessment, based on the generally accepted cost / income ratio. Differentiated assessment of regulatory effectiveness also provides for different levels of coverage for regulatory entities. One of the important institutional units for labor market regulation is the State Employment Service. The article presents an example of calculating the efficiency of labor market regulation based on a partial subjective evaluation of the State Employment Service. Five key objectives of labor market regulation have been identified, which are one of the stages of evaluation: 1) improving demographics, gender and youth support; 2) structural restructuring of the economy, diversification of employment and reduction of unemployment; 3) reducing the level of shadow employment; 4) payment of social guarantees; 5) regulation of labor relations. The presented methodological approach involves the implementation of 6 stages, in particular the definition of: 1) the goals of labor market regulation; 2) a comparative period to evaluate the effectiveness of regulation; 3) the coverage area of the subjects of regulation; 4) the size of the expenditures for the subjects of regulation; 5) the criterion indicator of assessment, for example - increase in the number of employees, decrease in the number of unemployed, increase in labor productivity, increase in the level of production of gross production, etc.; 6) comparison of revenue and cost parts in the process of evaluating regulatory effectiveness.

The article compares the American copyright system (from its inception, borrowing the basics of the English system to the establishment of the principle of "fair use") and the Ukrainian system, which provides a specific list of cases allowed as a restriction of copyright (enumerated system) by establishing in national legal acts of the three-stage test provided by the Berne Convention. The article examines not only the legislation of Ukraine and the United States in this area, such as: the Federal Copyright Act of 1790, the second Federal Copyright Act of 1909, the Copyright Act of 1976, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright law and related rights" but also the case law of the United States, which is a key element in regulating disputes in the area under discussion. The author analyzes a number of cases through the prism of changing approaches in the US system of property rights restrictions, namely Philpot v. Media Research Center Inc. No. 1: 17-cv-822 dated January 8, 2018; Peteski Productions, Inc. v. Leah Rothman No. 5: 17-CV-00122 dated August 30, 2017; Rosen v. eBay, Inc., No. 2: 13-cv-06801-MWF-E of 16 January 2015 and Corbello v. DeVito No. 2: 08-cv-00867-RCJ-PAL June 14, 2017. As a result of the research, the author determines that the national legislation establishes an exhaustive list of works that are its objects, at the same time, the ways of using the work depend on the type of particular work. Therefore, an exhaustive list of all possible ways to use the works is not provided. U.S. law provides for an exhaustive list of copyrighted works and an exhaustive list of ways to use such works. And the doctrine of "fair use" in the United States provides that in determining whether the use of work in any particular case is fair, there are at least 4 factors to consider. Keywords: the principle of "enumerated system", the system of "numerus clausus", the concept of "exceptions and limitations", US copyright law, the doctrine of fair use, the Agreement on guidelines for copying in non-profit educational institutions, free use of works, three-stage test.

The article refutes traditional ideas regarding the existence of the unified and inherent in each specific branch of law method of legal regulation. The following aspects are substantiated: (1) erroneous conclusion that the method of legal regulation is one of the obligatory criteria for distinguishing legal norms in the field of law; (2) that the existing definitions of the concept and content of these methods are controversial; (3) the need to clarify and the issue in question itself, namely whether it is about methods of legal regulation or methods of law, the identification of which is erroneous; (4) incompleteness of the proposed features and systems of these methods; (5) unjustified underestimation in the formation of the doctrine of methods of legal regulation of their conditionality not only by the subject, but also by the purpose and objectives of each of its types, and by what means each of them can be solved. The article proves the following: (1) since the law in the objective sense performs the function of the method, in the theory and practice of legal relations it would be more appropriate to use the concept of not "method of law", but "method of legal regulation"; (2) in the structure of any method, it is necessary to distinguish its content, which is a system of relevant requirements, rules, guidelines, recommendations, etc., and its form, which is the appropriate method of its application; (3) each type of legal regulation provides for the need to solve a huge number of tasks, and therefore uses a huge number of appropriate tools, which include its methods, each of which is marked by its own content and form, its inherent features and has its own structure, which facilitates the choice for its use of the appropriate course of action; (4) components of the system of methods of legal regulation are common law, branch, methods of separate legal institutes and methods of solving separate (atypical) tasks, which determines the relevance of their classification; and (5) methods of legal regulation can be properly characterized only in a system of comprehensive consideration of the following issues: (a) the concept, purpose and objectives of legal regulation; (b) its object and subject; (c) means of legal regulation and what tasks they aim to solve; (d) ways and features of the procedure for their application, fixation and procedural forms of use of obtaining results with their help; (d) subjects authorized to use them; and (e) ways of legal support for the proper use of appropriate means and results obtained with their help. Keywords: legal regulation, branches of law, subject, methods, means, content, form, system, methodology.

The purpose of this article is to clarify the system and a thorough analysis of the sources of international legal regulation of working time. Dur- ing the study a number of methods have been used, namely: the formal-logical method has been used for the classification of sources of interna- tional legal regulation of working time and relevant international agreements; the system-structural method and the synthesis method – for the analysis of the provisions of the EU Directive 2003/88/EC on certain aspects of the organization of working time, as well as the formal-dogmatic and modeling method – for providing recommendations on the harmonization of national legislation with to the relevant Directive.

This study analyzes the system of international legal regulation of working time, which is a complex orderly set of international treaties, EU leg- islation and ECHR practices that underpin fundamental principles and international labour standards in the field of working time. The scientific work presents the classification of sources of international legal regulation of working time for: 1) international agreements; 2) EU legislation; 3) ECHR practice. Since most of the sources of international legal regulation of working time are international treaties, it is proposed to classify them accord- ing to the entities within which the following treaties are concluded: 1) treaties within the UN; 2) treaties within the Council of Europe; 3) treaties within the ILO; 4) treaties within the EU. ILO treaties are proven to be crucial in the area of international legal regulation of working time, as the ILO is an international organization, a specialized UN agency, established to support international cooperation in peacekeeping around the world and to reduce social injustice at the expense of improving workingconditions.

First of all, for the qualitative perception of the provisions relating to international legal regulation of working time, it is necessary to define the con- cept of "international labour standards", which is applied in the framework of the ILO activities. International labour standards are legal instruments developed by the ILO (taking into account the principle of tripartite representation – governments, workers and employers) that set out the fundamental principles and rights in the field of labour. The main forms of consolidation of such standards are ILO conventions and recommendations.

The provisions of sources of international legal regulation of working time are studied, attention is paid to their peculiarities and specificity. A number of recommendations have been made to further implement the provisions of Directive 2003/88/EC on certain aspects of the organization of working time in national labour law. In particular, it is established that this Directive establishes minimum safety and health requirements for the organization of working time and applies to: minimum periods of daily rest, weekly rest and annual leave, as well as breaks and maximum weekly working hours; some aspects of night work, shift work and workarrangements.

Стаття присвячена аналізу кроків та діяльності різних суб'єктів міжнародних відносин , спрямованих на вирішення воєнного конфлікту на Донбасі. Проаналізовано дипломатичні кроки, здійснені такими країнами як Франція, Канада, Німеччина, США з метою якнайшвидшого вирішення конфлікту. У статті показано, що лише Франція та Німеччина були дуже активними у миротворчому процесі, тоді як решта країн допомогли Україні іншим способом. Канада забезпечила Україну військовими інструкторами, які консультували та навчали українських солдатів. Спільно з Норвегією Канада намагалася вирішити проблеми гуманітарної сфери. Автор акцентує на тій допомозі, яку ці країни надавали цивільному населенню, що допомагало долати проблеми бойових дій. Автор аргументовано доводить, що Литва була єдиною країною, яка забезпечувала Україну летальною зброєю, переважно радянського виробництва. Це було зроблено через те, що Росія та Литва мають дуже напружені відносини, і остання хотіла допомогти Україні впоратися з російською агресією. Підкреслюється активність Франції у цьому напрямку в європейському регіоні та її готовність стати ініціатором переговорів між Україною та Росією. Поведінка Німеччини була ретельно проаналізована через те, що вона є лідером Європейського Союзу і багато що залежить від її позиції. Автор продемонстрував ставлення німецького уряду до українського конфлікту і довів, що воно змінилося через Північний потік - 2. Будучи зацікавленою у його розбудові, Німеччина пом'якшила свою позицію щодо Росії, і тепер ми можемо бачити, що він може бути навіть проросійською, ніж проукраїнською.

Науково-дослідницька діяльність включає виявлення актуальних проблем дослідження, опрацювання відповідних документів, ґрунтовне розкриття теми, популяризацію власних здобутків як у національному, так і міжнародному просторі. Результати такої діяльності призводять до формування єдиного інформаційного простору, що базується на взаємозв'язку науки та світового професійного середовища. Сучасний стан світової науки показав, що основними критеріями ефективної діяльності науково-дослідних установ повинні стати: міжнародне визнання отриманих наукових результатів, публікаційна активність окремих співробітників, структурних підрозділів та наукових установ в цілому. В науковій спільноті сформувалась стратегія, спрямована на активізацію публікаційної діяльності, підвищення ефективності оприлюднення результатів наукових досліджень. Публікаційна активність є важливою складовою при складанні рейтингів наукових установ, яка визначається залежно від традицій оприлюднення наукових результатів в журналах, матеріалах конференцій, монографіях тощо.В статті проводиться аналіз наукових публікацій працівників НБУВ за 2017-2019 рр. Досліджується публікаційна активність працівників у фахових періодичних виданнях, що видаються у НБУВ: 1) Наукові праці Національної бібліотеки України імені В. І. Вернадського; 2) Бібліотечний вісник; 3) Рукописна та книжкова спадщина України; 4) Українська біографістика; 5) Библиотеки национальных академий наук: проблемы функционирования, тенденции развития. Досліджується кількість публікацій у зарубіжних виданнях, аналізується кількість публікацій в інших наукових джерелах, інформаційно-аналітичних бюлетенях. Розкривається кількість апробації результатів досліджень наукових та бібліотечних працівників НБУВ на міжнародних наукових конференціях і форумах. З кількістю публікацій паралельно проводиться підрахунок авторських аркушів, що є одиницею виміру обсягів виконуваних робіт із наукової діяльності.

The article examines the psychosocial risks as an element of the occupational safety and health system. The author outlines that competition, higher expectations for productivity and working hours and other psychosocial hazards have resulted in increasingly stressful work environment. The legal grounds for psychological working conditions regulation are analysed. The author determines the recommendations for improving the legislation on occupational safety and health. The analysis of the main psychosocial risks is carried out. The paper substantiates the main directions for the improvement of occupational safety and health management systems. They include the integration of psychosocial risks in risk assessment for developing strategies for prevention and management of hazards; the ways to develop a safe psychological climate at the workplace; determining the impact of psychosocial risks at work on the physical health of employees; determining the correlation of overtime and sedentary work on the health of employees. The basic technological transformations and changes in the organization of work which influence the psychological safety of employees are investigated. The main risks to the employee's psychological health have been identified. They are 1) reduction of work-life balance; 2) isolation and lack of social interaction; 3) technostress and information overload; 4) expanding access to confidential information about the employee; 5) overtime; 6) non-standard forms of employment, 7) work on digital platforms. Particular attention is paid to counteracting mobbing and harassment at work.

The purpose of the article is to find the best ways to resolve conflicts in the criminal law of Ukraine. Methods. Methodological tools are selected in accordance with the purpose, specifics of the object and subject of research. The main one is general dialectical method of scientific knowledge of real legal phenomena. Special research methods used in the study are: the method of systematic analysis, formal legal, interpretation of law, comparative law, modeling. The theoretical basis of the study is the latest scientific works in the chosen field of research. Results. As proved during the analysis of the legal literature, there is the following list of effective ways to resolve and prevent conflicts in law, which can be extrapolated to the field of criminal law: 1) unification of law; 2) harmonization of law; 3) approximation of law; 4) clear delineation of powers of public authorities; 5) monitoring of normative legal acts; 6) creation of model laws; 7) interpretation of law; 8) improvement of legislation. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it is proposed to apply different principles to overcome conflicts depending on their type (in particular, "a special law repeals a general law", "a later law cancels an earlier one", "the next general law does not cancel an earlier special law of similar legal force"). Types of "conflict rules" in the sources of criminal law are presented primarily depending on the specific type of such sources. Modern legislation, including criminal, contains virtually no rules aimed at overcoming intersectoral conflicts, but conflicts of law in various areas of Ukrainian law create significant problems in law enforcement.

Ukraine is a supplier of migrant workers. Research has shown that migrant workers and their families are at high risk of exploitation, discrimination and abuse.The objective of the study is to characterize the specifics of labor migration from Ukraine and the migration process, to determine the main forms of social work with migrant workers. The research is based on the analysis of scientific literature and documents.The study identifies the key features of labor migration and features of the stages of the migration process. The circular and unregulated nature of the current labor migration from Ukraine and the repetition of the stages of adaptation and re-adaptation are established.It has been determined that social work as an institution of civil society is aimed at reducing the risks and vulnerabilities of migrants at different stages of migration, which should be facilitated by respect, protection and realization of human rights, as well as support and assistance. The content of social work with migrant workers at different stages of the migration process (initial, relocation, adaptation, readmission) is described. The main forms of preventive and supportive actions are discussed.Considering the cycle of labor migration from Ukraine, social work at the stage of return may also have a re-adaptive focus and should be clearly tied to the local community. Social workers can also: 1) lobby social policy measures to support a circular model of migration with the prospect of possible final repatriation of migrants; 2) promote the legal employment of Ukrainian migrants abroad, non-discrimination and respect for their rights, in particular in the field of social security.

The purpose of this article is to examine potential trends in the development of the political system of Ukraine after the end of the Russia-Ukraine war. Social changes always take place taking into account both subjective and objective circumstances. Currently the Ukrainian state relies on three pillars for further transformation of political institutions: 1) the Ukrainian value-mental tradition, 2) our own experience of democratic development in recent decades, 3) the political will to embrace European values. The latter means that Ukraine voluntarily undertook the obligation to meet the Copenhagen criteria, including to demonstrate the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, rule of law, human rights and protection of minorities. In the political circles of Ukraine, there is a "plan to restart the state", which boils down to structural changes in the system of public administration. Ukraine needs qualitative changes in the system of political relations, it is necessary to eliminate the contradiction between the form and content of political institutions. Archaic practices, nepotism, eastern methods of holding power by suppressing the opposition, corruption in the state apparatus and purely criminal practices are hidden behind the modern facade. War not only destroys, but also gives impulses for development through the mobilization of the nation's forces. We have a chance to restart political institutions and consolidate new structures born of war. We must pay attention to the institution of national resistance, which, through the movement of territorial defense and the volunteer movement, led to a situation of social filtering. As a result, strata of people crystallized, for whom the public good is higher than selfish interests. It is important not to lose the energy of the masses after the war and to use the patriotic movement to build political institutions.

The study focuses on both theoretical and applied aspects of evidentiary law. The subject of this study is the legal institution of admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings, as well as the legal mechanism for declaring evidence inadmissible. The author relies on the constitutional postulate (Part 3 of Article 62 of the Constitution of Ukraine) according to which the accusation cannot be based on evidence obtained illegally, as well as on assumptions. Based on this constitutional imperative, it is stated that the prosecution has no right to form charges and go to court if the accusation is based on illegal evidence or subjective assumptions, and emphasizes that the subject who forms the prosecution must operate on legal evidence. Thus, a legal contradiction is revealed between the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine and Part 2 of Article 23 of the CPC of Ukraine regarding the legal nature of evidence in the pre-trial investigation. Given that according to the domestic legal structure, factual data must be recognized as evidence at the stage of pre-trial investigation, there is a legal need to guarantee the right of a person to a fair trial, the introduction of a clear mechanism for verifying factual data for admissibility at the stage of pre-trial investigation. The author argues that such a mechanism should provide effective tools for self-control and neutralization of illegal sources of factual data by both the prosecuting authorities and the court, during the implementation of judicial control over pre-trial investigation in making key decisions to restrict guaranteed rights and freedoms. Keywords: evidence, accusation, suspicion, admissibility of evidence, exclusion from evidence.

The article is dedicated to less studied aspect of external migration namely to the formation and functioning of migrant communities in host countries. The expediency of using the theory of social capital and the theory of migration networks as a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of migrant communities is substantiated. The developments of R. Park, J. Coleman, A. Portes are analyzed and the basic operational parameters of the social capital of migrant communities are constructed. The parameters of the functioning and transformation of social capital are analyzed in a two-dimensional space of autonomy and efficiency. The classification of migrant communities by type of social capital is proposed. The following types of communities are identified: 1) a low-efficient, highly autonomous community; 2) highly efficient highly autonomous; 3) a highly efficient and low-autonomous community. The article discusses the results of an expert survey of representatives of communities of Ukrainian migrants in the EU countries on the transformation of the social capital of these communities. The social capital of migrant communities of Ukrainians is "culturally bonding", aimed at preserving the common cultural identity of Ukrainians abroad in the context of a different cultural environment. Migrant communities of Ukrainian migrants remain relatively homogeneous in terms of culture, identity and practices. It is revealed that in the context of contemporary transformations of external migration, changes and social capital of migrant communities is changing too. The circular nature of migration at the present stage adversely affects the social capital of migrant communities, their permanent membership is diminished, social ties are weakened, the autonomy of communities is reduced and the integration of migrants into host societies is increased. Number of such communities today are to some extent deinstitutionalized.

Innovations are considered as a factor of consolidation of society, taking into account the definition of innovations as a complex phenomenon containing scientific, technical, technological, economic, environmental, social, legal, safety aspects. However, during the longtime scientific, technical, technological aspects of innovations were considered as driving force for the economy economic growth. Innovations directly or indirectly affect all spheres of social life, going far beyond the boundaries of purely market relations. Limitation of purely economic and scientific-technological definition and evaluation of innovations became obvious in 1960s on the wave of economic growth after the World War II and popularization of post-material values, on the one hand, and because of increasing social tensions, environmental crisis, deepening the gap between economically developed and developing countries, as well as between differed groups of the population within society, on the other hand. Social, ethical and environmental aspects of innovation were put on the agenda. Consequently, innovations should be measured not only in figured of benefit, but also in terms of health, education, safety, environmental impacts, saving energy and materials, etc. The study of the economic aspects of innovation were complemented by the following areas: 1) prevention of inequality due to innovative development; 2) combination of innovation with social entrepreneurship; 3) innovation as a factor in achieving sustainability; 4) innovations for environmental protection. This logically follows from the concept of sustainable development grounded on the coherence of social, economic and environmental parameters. Shortly, the complex of updated innovation criteria as a driving force of socio-economic development is formulated by the framework of «3Ps – profit, people, and planet», which accounts economic/financial, social and environmental aspects. The «3P» framework is a basis for development of new business ethics.

The article analyzes the socio-demographic determinants of Ukrainian citizens' attitude to the judiciary identified on the basis of a nationwide survey. The sociological specifics of the analysis provided for the verification of the influence of those factors that reflect the consequences of social stratification in a particular society — its socio-economic, political and socio-cultural dimensions. In different countries of the world, the influence of socio-demographic factors on the attitude to the judiciary has been uneven and unequal. In many European countries, the experience of cooperating with the courts leads to a negative attitude towards justice. The attitude to the judiciary is considered through four indicators: 1) trust in the courts; 2) assessment of the chances of winning court case, regardless of the wealth of the citizen; 3) assessment of an independence of judges; 4) assessment of an integrity of judges. Despite social optimism observed in Ukrainian society after the 2019 presidential and parliamentary elections, the study found a low level of trust and negative assessments of Ukrainian justice. Using the method of multiple linear regression, it was found that public opinion about justice is formed regardless of gender, level of education and region of residence. It was found that Ukrainians' attitude to the judiciary is largely determined by age, settlement type, language of communication at home and experience of participation in the trial. Confidence and positive assessments assessments of the judiciary are mainly manifested as the age and size of the settlement decrease, as well as among Russian speakers and those who have experience of participating in the trial. The influence of the respondents' financial situation on their assessment of the independence of judges was unexpectedly dependent: as the financial situation of the family decreased, the tendency to consider judges independent increased.