Suchergebnisse

Impact and estimation of pesticides -- Pesticides -- Impact of pesticides on environment -- Pesticides risk and assessment -- Toxicity of pesticides based on their mode of action -- Diagnostic tools for pesticides detection -- Toxicity of pesticides in mixtures with same mode of action -- Toxicity of pesticides in mixtures with different mode of action -- Techniques for pesticides risk assessment -- Co-relation of pesticides risk and body characters -- Co-relation of toxicity and classification of pesticides -- Remediation to reduce pesticides risk -- Pesticides risk case studies -- Alternatives for reducing pesticides risk -- Awareness for reducing pesticides risk -- Regulation of pesticides and associated risks

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment -- Copyright -- Other Recent Reports Of The Board On Environmental Studies And Toxicology -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- REGULATION OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS -- CHARGE TO THE STUDY COMMITTEE -- CURRENT RISK-ASSESSMENT PRACTICES -- STRATEGIES FOR RISK ASSESSMENT -- Flexibility and the Use of Default Options -- Recommendations -- Validation: Methods and Models -- Recommendations -- Priority-Setting and Data Needs -- Recommendations -- Variability -- Recommendations -- Uncertainty -- Recommendations -- Aggregation -- Recommendations -- Communicating Risk -- Recommendation -- An Iterative Approach -- Recommendations -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- Charge To The Committee -- Conceptual Framework Of The Report -- Part I Current Approaches to Risk Assessment -- 2 Risk Assessment and Its Social and Regulatory Contexts -- General Concepts -- What is Risk Assessment? -- How Is Risk Assessment Conducted? -- What is the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Research? -- What is the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Regulatory Decision-Making? -- What Is a Default Option? -- Historical Roots -- Early Efforts to Establish Safe Limits of Exposure to Toxic Substances -- The Problem of Carcinogens -- NRC Study Of Risk Assessment In The Federal Government -- Events After Release Of The 1983 NRC Report -- Uses Of Risk Assessment In The Regulation Of Hazardous Air Pollutants -- Noncancer Risk Associated With Hazardous Air Pollutants -- Public Criticism Of Conduct And Uses Of Risk Assessment -- Criticisms Pertaining to Conduct of Risk Assessment -- Criticisms Pertaining to the Relationship Between Risk Assessment and Risk Management -- Note -- 3 Exposure Assessment -- Introduction -- 1992 Exposure-Assessment Guidelines.

Reproducible research is a concept that has emerged in data and computationally intensive sciences in which the code used to conduct all analyses, including generation of publication quality figures, is directly available, and preferably in open source manner. This perspective outlines the processes and attributes, and illustrates the execution of reproducible research via a simple exposure assessment of air pollutants in metropolitan Philadelphia.

The assessment of epidemiological studies on the health effects of glyphosate is currently being discussed in the media. In this context, BfR evaluated a so-called expert opinion on epidemiological studies prepared by non-government organisations and concludes that no new findings are being reported for the joint European assessment of the active substance glyphosate. The accusations brought forth in the so-called expert opinion of scientific deception by the assessment authorities are completely unfounded and their content provides no new contri-bution to the scientific discourse. They were not made available in the public consultation or in a peer-reviewed publication. The BfR assessment report (RAR) that is criticised in the so-called expert report was exten-sively commented upon and evaluated by the general public, science, politics, trade and in-dustry and NGOs within the scope of the consultations of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on glyphosate. The report was confirmed and its contents were adopted by the experts of the member states, thus making it a European risk assessment and no longer a BfR or EFSA risk assessment. The assessment report is available to the EU Commission and member states for the purpose of reaching a decision on the re-authorisation of the ac-tive substance glyphosate. Incidentally, the result of the RAR complies with the specialised assessment of the epidemio-logical studies conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), who also classified the indications for the carcinogenicity of glyphosate in humans on the basis of the epidemiological studies as merely limited ("limited evidence in humans"). ; DE; en; efsa-focal-point@bfr.bund.de