Suchergebnisse

This 1982 book examines the changes in hospital care in New York that occurred around the turn of the twentieth century. It represents a fundamental departure from traditional medical history, which has usually emphasised 'progress' through science and technology. Professor Rosner identifies the economic, political and demographic pressures that brought about a reshaping of the health care system, and analyses the dramatic reorganisation of hospitals that took place. He also discusses major scientific advances such as the discovery of anaesthetic properties of ether, nitrous oxide and chloroform, and the consequent increase in surgical solutions to medical problems

This is an historical study of an early twentieth century political struggle regarding hospital reimbursement in New York City. During a period called the "Progressive Era" (1895--1915), administrators in the City's Comptroller's office sought to gain control over small, locally run community hospitals by dismantling the long-standing practice of flat-grant payments to institutions. Central office planners felt that these payments gave too much control to trustees. In its place, the Comptroller initiated a system of per-capita, per-diem reimbursement. Inspectors now judged for the institutions which services and which clients were appropriate for municipal reimbursement. From the perspective of the Comptroller's office, this change was an attempt to put rationality into the system of municipal support for charitable institutions. From the perspective of trustees and community representatives, however, this change was a political attack on the rights of institutions and local communities to control their own fate. Within the context of the larger Progressive Era "good government" movement to centralize decision-making in the hands of experts who believed strongly in the efficiency of larger institutions, it was generally the smallest, most financially troubled community institutions which felt the brunt of these changes.

Qu'est-ce qu'une usine en milieu kibbutz ? Comment les principes égalitaires se combinent-ils avec le maintien d'une structure hiérarchique ? La participation des travailleurs aux décisions est-il un mythe ou une réalité ? Autant de questions très concrètes qui sont ici traitées selon une méthode très classique, celle qu'ont illustrée notamment les travaux d'Arnold Tannenbaum , et l'auteur relève que l'influence ici n'est pas à somme nulle. Formes de l' autogestion tant au niveau du groupe de travail qu'à celui de l'usine et effets sur des variables organisationnelles, individuelles et économiques sont systématiquement étudiés.

Dag Hammarskjöld not long before his death called attention to the mainspring propelling the successful operation of the United Nations. The growth of the United Nations into an increasingly effective organization, he declared, will be dependent upon the cooperation extended by its Member nations in making the Charter "a living reality in practical political action as it is already in law" and in giving enhanced respect to United Nations decisions.