This open access book is based on a multi-country collaborative research project focussing on Canada, China, India, and Indonesia. It responds directly and concretely to concerns about the generational sustainability of smallholder farming worldwide– reflected in the current UN Decade of Family Farming. Drawing on research that asks how (some) young people continue to pursue a (future) livelihood in farming, the book uses the life-course perspective and privileges voices of young farmers to show that movement away from farming such as time spent in education, migration and non-farm work does not exclude eventual farming futures. The book will be of interest to scholars and students of agrarian studies, anthropology, development studies, gender studies, human geography, rural sociology, and youth studies.
The book reviews the development experience of two major countries in Asia, India and China. India has followed a democratic liberal course in politics, based on Westminster-style parliamentary practices. However, its economic policy has tilted towards socialism, with government control on the major sectors of the economy. China, on the other hand, has evolved a political culture that is totalitarian in nature; all political power is concentrated in the hands of the Communist Party. Hence, economic decision-making was also centralised until a few years ago when China began a process of economic liberalisation. The book begins by defining what uneven development signifies. Development strategies and their outcomes are used to illustrate the phenomenon of uneven development. The author describes three such strategies, namely, industrialisation, sectoral/regional balance, and economic liberalisation. The effect of these strategies on the growth of output, inequalities in income consumption, and class inequalities in an intra-regional, inter-regional, and rural-urban divide are specifically discussed for both India and China. Other topics of interest that are dealt with in the book include technology policies and access to health and education services. The latter two subjects, in particular, are discussed in terms of class, regional background, and rural-urban bias.
This study investigates whether the Indonesian regulators control Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with matching or mismatching empowerment strategies, in light of their strengths and current standing. Indonesian SMEs contributed approximately 60.34% to Indonesia's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. In addition, Indonesian regulators have focused on financial support through credit policies and tax incentives. Indonesian SMEs have been standing on organizational readiness and readiness for change, based on their social networks and social cognition. It collected thirteen informants with different expertise and experiences. This study's results suggest Indonesia's regulatory body and financial institutions should consider the SMEs' social cognition and organizational readiness for change. According to the current situation, to empower Indonesian SMEs, we recommend strategies such as achieving knowledge supremacy, creating an economic development board, as in Singapore, formulating comprehensive industry-wide policies, adopting omnibus laws, and implementing a shifting balance strategy. In other words, the Indonesian regulators should implement major reforms, which are similar to glasnost and perestroika in the former Soviet Union. This is to enhance Indonesian SMEs and achieve the goal of the Government of Indonesia (GoI) with respect to the optimal distinctiveness of Indonesia's future economy. This optimal distinctiveness refers to the GoI's policies, which focused on knowledge supremacy, an industry-wide regime, and research for empowerment.
Recibido 09 de abril de 2010 • Aceptado 24 de junio de 2010 • Corregido 08 de agosto de 2010 Un aspecto de suma importancia para la educación mundial y en particular para la educación costarricense es la gestión ambiental como estrategia educacional, por lo que a continuación se describe la vivencia del proyecto Mejora de la oferta educativa en gestión ambiental rural (MOE-GAR) en su primer etapa 2009, cuya población estuvo conformada por docentes de primaria y secundaria de diferentes áreas de las Direcciones Regionales Educativas de Guápiles y Sarapiquí de Costa Rica. El proyecto se desarrolló a lo largo del ciclo lectivo de 2009, mediante un trabajo conjunto entre los docentes involucrados, diferentes instituciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, Dio como resultado un proceso de construcción de conocimientos en gestión ambiental, a partir del cual se plantearon y desarrollaron propuestas en los diferentes centros educativos. ; A very important aspect of worldwide education and, particularly for Costa Rican education, is the environmental management as an educational strategy. For this reason, this article describes the experience of the project Mejora de la Oferta Educativa en Gestión Ambiental Rural (MOE-GAR) during its first stage in 2009. The population was comprised by teachers from different areas of the rural school districts of Guapiles and Sarapiquí. As a part of this project, we worked with teachers, different government and nongovernment institutions, throughout the 2009 school year; obtaining as a result, a process of knowledge development in environmental management. Based on this, several proposals were developed in different educational institutions.
"R. Douglas Hurt tells the history of the settlement and farming of the Midwest between 1815 and the turn of the twentieth century, arguing that this region proved to be the garden spot of the country and the heart of agricultural production for the nation"--
The development and humanitarian community has established its own school of thought on resilience in order to link its emergency actions with its mediumand long-term development strategies. Intervention contexts are becoming increasingly uncertain and complex, raising new challenges that need to be addressed. The school of thought on social and ecological system resilience can provide complementary approaches to help understand the intervention context and the multiple dimensions of challenges, as well as to develop and assess adaptation pathways. These approaches enable accounting of ecological dynamics and interactions among social groups, provide a diversity of knowledge and potential development pathways and, ultimately, support societal transformation. Collaboration between these two schools of thought would provide valuable opportunities.
Wings: Social and emotional wellbeing in the early years is a professional development programme designed to assist educators in early years services to improve outcomes for children. It uses a strengths-based approach and supports educators to understand the impact of their interactions with children and to use communication strategies, such as descriptive feedback, to develop children's capacities. These strategies are used to help children recognise their strengths and build their ability to self-regulate and manage their own social and emotional wellbeing. This paper reports on the outcomes of the Wings programme introduced into early childhood services in rural and remote south-west Queensland, Australia, through the Community Wellbeing Project run by the Pathways to Resilience Trust in partnership with Anglicare Southern Queensland. Preliminary findings indicate the Wings programme successfully enhanced the confidence and knowledge of early years educators engaged in promoting children's social and emotional wellbeing.
In 2012, the Mexican Presidency of the G20 introduced inclusive green growth as a cross-cutting priority on the G20 development agenda. The second meeting of the G20 Development Working Group (DWG), hosted by the Government of the Republic of Korea, took place in Seoul the 19th and 20th of March 2012. As agreed during the first DWG meeting, this second meeting focused on the priorities for their presidency in the first half of 2012: infrastructure, food security and inclusive green growth (IGG). At its Seoul meeting, the DWG also agreed that IGG co-facilitators and relevant international organizations (IOs) should work together in 2012 to develop a nonprescriptive good practices guide/toolkit on enabling national policy frameworks for inclusive green growth to support countries who voluntarily wish to design and implement affordable and inclusive green growth policies, with the aim of achieving sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The toolkit is organized as follows. First, the necessity of applying the different tools in the context of a broad inclusive green growth strategy is stressed, and a harmonized framework combining approaches and tools identified by all four IOs is set forth. Second, the document offers an overview of key tools that can be mobilized to implement an inclusive green growth strategy. Quick technical descriptions of these tools are offered along with suggested sources for further details. Finally, capacity building and knowledge sharing initiatives are presented, with the Green Growth Knowledge Platform (GGKP) highlighted as a powerful collaborative tool to advance policies for inclusive green economies.
Parts 6, 8, and 9 not distributed to depository libraries. ; Item 1010-A, 1010-B (microfiche). ; "Serial no. 97-G." ; "April 20, 1981; April 21, 1981; April 22, 1981" (pt. 9). ; "March 19 & 20, 1981" (pt. 8). ; "March 12, 1981; March 13, 1981; March 16, 1981" (pt. 6). ; Pt. 8: "Hearings before the Subcommittee on Department Operations, Research, and Foreign Aagriculture of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 7: "Hearings before the Subcommittee on Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 6: "Hearings before the Subcommittee on Conservation, Credit, and Rural Development of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 5: "Hearing before the Subcommittee on Wheat, Soybeans, and Feed Grains of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 4: "Hearing before the Subcommittee on Tobacco and Peanuts of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 3: "Hearings before the Subcommittee on Cotton, Rice, and Sugar of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 2: "Hearings before the Subcommittee on Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations, and Nutrition of the Committee on Agriculture." ; Pt. 1, 9: "Hearings before the Committee on Agriculture." ; Hearings . House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session. ; pt. 1. [No distinctive title] -- pt. 2. Food stamp program -- pt. 3. Cotton, rice, andsugar programs -- pt. 4. Peanut program and peanut price support -- pt. 5. Wheat, soybeans, and feed grains -- pt. 6. Conservation, credit, rural development -- pt. 7. Dairy, beekeeper, and wool programs -- pt. 8. Public Law 480 and research and extension -- pt. 9. [No distinctive title]. ; Mode of access: Internet.
The multidonor Gender and Development Cooperation Fund (GDCF) was established in May 2003 as a facility to promote gender equality and women's empowerment in the Asia Pacific region. This facility will help facilitate effective implementation of the Asian Development Bank's Policy on Gender and Development and accelerate gender equality and women's empowerment in the Asia Pacific region. As a leverage fund, GDCF is intended to make ADB's operations work better for gender equality and women's empowerment in Asia and the Pacific. Activities supported by GDCF are all aimed at influencing much bigger loan and Asian Development Fund (ADF) projects, national laws and sector policies, and capacity of ADB's clients in implementing such projects and policies.
National audience ; Le programme européen de développement rural de l'objectif 5B (1994-1999) intéresse une fraction importante de l'espace breton. Il a pour objectif de contribuer à redynamiser l'économie de cette zone en stimulant la création d'emplois et en la rendant plus attractive. Ce texte propose des éléments pour une analyse critique de la logique d'action du programme et il évalue les premiers résultats des interventions touchant l'agriculture, l'immobilier industriel et la revitalisation rurale. Si le programme apporte une aide notable au développement rural, sa conception ne facilite pas l'évaluation de son efficacité.
作為一種新型扶貧手段,小額信貸產業在過去三十年中於發展中國家迅速興起。從業者常常聲稱小額信貸機構能夠為貧窮農民提供金融機會,而這些弱勢群體過去往往被排除在傳統金融機構之外;與此同時,不同於以往的扶貧手段,小額信貸機構被認為能夠在財務上達到平衡乃至盈利。這種雙重目標的前景吸引了許多發展中國家的興趣,因此,小額信貸產業作為解決貧困問題的一種嘗試而在國際舞台上獲得了迅猛的發展。 ; 由於中國獨特的社會和政治環境,小額信貸機構的發展有其特殊的軌跡。本研究以深入訪談和參與式觀察為主要研究方法,通過為期三個月的田野調查,對中國西部與北部的兩個非政府小額信貸組織進行了深入考察。研究發現,小額信貸組織正面臨無法同時達成雙重目標的困境;基於觀察與資料分析,本文提出,中國農村社區信任結構的轉型是小額信貸組織面臨多重問題的主要原因。隨著市場經濟的發展與城市化的加速,在日漸瓦解的熟人社會中,小額信貸機構的社會目標被其財務目標所壓制,導致原有的扶貧、婦女賦權等目標難以達成,更形成了目標替代的組織現象。 ; 為深入探討小額信貸產業中目標替代的現象,本文從組織目標的合法性與可測量性兩個角度提出假設,指出當邊緣目標具有強烈的合法性和直觀的可測量性,便可能取代相對難以觀測的核心目標。最後,本文指出,為保證小額信貸組織不偏離原有的社會目標,需要設計一種新型的、獨立的測量工具,用以跟踪記錄小額信貸組織的社會影響,並將其作為判斷組織表現的核心因素。 ; Known as an innovative tool for poverty alleviation, microfinance has been widely spread in developing countries in the past few decades. It is commonly claimed that microfinance institutions (MFIs) can provide financial opportunities to those who are unable to obtain loans from the formal system, while at the same time maintain their institutional sustainability. This promise has attracted the interest of developing countries with large population in poverty, leading to a remarkable emergence of microfinance industry on the global stage. ; Because of the special social and political environment, the development of MFIs in China has its unique trajectory. Based on interviews and participant observation, this three-month research focuses on two non-governmental MFIs in Western China and Northern China, revealing a plight of infeasible dual objectives and proposing an explanation from the angle of transformed trust structure. In a collapsing acquaintance community, the social objectives are suppressed by the demands of self-sustainability, thus violating the original intention of poverty alleviation and women empowerment, and leading to a phenomenon of goal displacement. ; To further discuss the logic behind the goal displacement phenomenon in microfinance industry, two propositions are suggested from the angles of legitimacy and measurability of organizational goals. The findings indicate that to ensure the ...
The pendulum direction of development which initially only leans in the city is now directed to rural areas. Affirmation of government policies to villages is evidenced by the distribution of Village Funds since 2015. This study aims to find out how the implementation of village fund management in village development is through the role of village governments with an approach to rights of origin and local authority on a village scale. This study uses an explanatory approach by combining a case study design with a comparative study, which focuses on conducting an in-depth study on the role of village government in village development in Sirnagalih Village, Cipongkor District, West Bandung Regency. Data sources include the Village Head, Village Apparatus, Regional Personnel, and Training Agency, Village Community Institutions and Village Traditional Institutions, Community Leaders, Head of Subdistrict and Echelon Officials in the subdistrict, Head of Regency Village Community Empowerment Service and Echelon Officials at the Village Community Empowerment Service, as well as elements of the Community. The data analysis method used was qualitative analysis. The analysis results show that village development has a very strategic role in spurring regional development. It happens because it contains elements of equitable distribution of development and its results and directly touches the interests of the majority of the people who live in rural areas. It was found that village development programs and activities responsive to Community need to have resulted in high community participation. Therefore, the optimization of development implementation is influenced by community participation activities in implementing and preserving development results. For this reason, the main solution that needs to be given to the problem of managing Village Funds in Village development is the application of policy affirmations in the management of Village Funds. ; Berbagai implementasi kebijakan pembangunan Desa oleh pemerintah ...
