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The Problem setting. General globalization processes on the European continent and the aggressive actions of individual States caused a radical revision of the system of ensuring national security of Ukraine, which transformed in the direction of Euro-Atlantic integration. Dramatic geopolitical changes of the last decade, the military-political confrontation with the Russian Federation radically transformed the whole organization of international relations established after the Second world war. Therefore, the problem of ensuring national security is our country in modern conditions a special, unprecedented, value.Recent research and publications analysis. The availability of scientific publications allows us to conclude that the research of the designated problems is carried out mainly within the framework of political and economic science. Attempts holistic philosophical understanding of the nature and determinants of the direction of development of Ukrainian society in the Euro-Atlantic area are insufficient. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to attempt a philosophical understanding of the need for Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its national security. Paper main body. Ukraine is becoming a more active player in international relations due to its geopolitical position. Modern Ukraine plays an extremely important role in the development of political and economic cooperation on the European continent and in adjacent areas, providing in conditions of extreme military and information aggressive activity of Russia regional stability and security. For Ukraine, the issue of Euro-Atlantic choice is not rhetorical. History cites many vivid examples that clearly demonstrate that their historical-cultural and mental sources Ukraine has always belonged to the transatlantic space. In the foreign policy priorities of our state, this selection occupies a special place. The modern foreign political course of Ukraine for Euro-Atlantic integration implies the desire to become part of the most efficient and effective collective security system, with clear guarantees of their own security. The intensification of European integration processes means more intensive inclusion of Ukraine in international cooperation for conflict and counter the latest threats in the security sphere. The main directions of ensuring national security in the sphere of international cooperation is integration into the international system of security and cooperation on prevention of illegal actions in the sphere of security. The article highlights how obvious the prospects and benefits of Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine and its possible risks and threats to national security.Conclusions of the research. Despite the fact that a full-fledged member of the Euro-Atlantic space in the short and even medium term, Ukraine will not be able to become, it can significantly increase cooperation with the countries of the West, which will greatly enhance her chances and accelerate the pace of integration. The course of Euro-Atlantic integration is not limited to declarations and statements. This is a concrete, planned, multi-faceted activity. Being interconnected and interdependent, the problems of security and development of modern society require a comprehensive study because of their joint decisions determine the future as a separate country and humanity in General. ; В статье делается попытка философского осмысления необходимости евроатлантической интеграции для Украины в контексте обеспечения ее национальной безопасности. Европейский вектор отечественного государственного развития рассматривается как один из базовых объектов национальной безопасности Украины. Обосновывается, что евроатлантический выбор – это единственный приемлемый путь магистрального развития Украины, соответствующий ее национальным интересам, желанию народа обеспечить свое надежное безопасное будущее. Выделены как вполне очевидные перспективы и преимущества евроатлантической интеграции Украины, так и ее возможные риски и угрозы для национальной безопасности. ; У статті робиться спроба філософського осмислення необхідності євроатлантичної інтеграції для України в контексті забезпечення її національної безпеки. Європейський вектор вітчизняного державотворення розглядається як один з базових об'єктів національної безпеки України. Обґрунтовується, що євроатлантичний вибір – це єдиний прийнятний шлях магістрального розвитку України, який відповідає її національним інтересам, бажанню народу забезпечити своє надійне безпечне майбутнє. Виокремлені як цілком очевидні перспективи та переваги євроатлантичної інтеграції України, так і її можливі ризики та загрози для національної безпеки.

The Problem setting. General globalization processes on the European continent and the aggressive actions of individual States caused a radical revision of the system of ensuring national security of Ukraine, which transformed in the direction of Euro-Atlantic integration. Dramatic geopolitical changes of the last decade, the military-political confrontation with the Russian Federation radically transformed the whole organization of international relations established after the Second world war. Therefore, the problem of ensuring national security is our country in modern conditions a special, unprecedented, value.Recent research and publications analysis. The availability of scientific publications allows us to conclude that the research of the designated problems is carried out mainly within the framework of political and economic science. Attempts holistic philosophical understanding of the nature and determinants of the direction of development of Ukrainian society in the Euro-Atlantic area are insufficient. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to attempt a philosophical understanding of the need for Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its national security. Paper main body. Ukraine is becoming a more active player in international relations due to its geopolitical position. Modern Ukraine plays an extremely important role in the development of political and economic cooperation on the European continent and in adjacent areas, providing in conditions of extreme military and information aggressive activity of Russia regional stability and security. For Ukraine, the issue of Euro-Atlantic choice is not rhetorical. History cites many vivid examples that clearly demonstrate that their historical-cultural and mental sources Ukraine has always belonged to the transatlantic space. In the foreign policy priorities of our state, this selection occupies a special place. The modern foreign political course of Ukraine for Euro-Atlantic integration implies the desire to become part of the most efficient and effective collective security system, with clear guarantees of their own security. The intensification of European integration processes means more intensive inclusion of Ukraine in international cooperation for conflict and counter the latest threats in the security sphere. The main directions of ensuring national security in the sphere of international cooperation is integration into the international system of security and cooperation on prevention of illegal actions in the sphere of security. The article highlights how obvious the prospects and benefits of Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine and its possible risks and threats to national security.Conclusions of the research. Despite the fact that a full-fledged member of the Euro-Atlantic space in the short and even medium term, Ukraine will not be able to become, it can significantly increase cooperation with the countries of the West, which will greatly enhance her chances and accelerate the pace of integration. The course of Euro-Atlantic integration is not limited to declarations and statements. This is a concrete, planned, multi-faceted activity. Being interconnected and interdependent, the problems of security and development of modern society require a comprehensive study because of their joint decisions determine the future as a separate country and humanity in General. ; В статье делается попытка философского осмысления необходимости евроатлантической интеграции для Украины в контексте обеспечения ее национальной безопасности. Европейский вектор отечественного государственного развития рассматривается как один из базовых объектов национальной безопасности Украины. Обосновывается, что евроатлантический выбор – это единственный приемлемый путь магистрального развития Украины, соответствующий ее национальным интересам, желанию народа обеспечить свое надежное безопасное будущее. Выделены как вполне очевидные перспективы и преимущества евроатлантической интеграции Украины, так и ее возможные риски и угрозы для национальной безопасности. ; У статті робиться спроба філософського осмислення необхідності євроатлантичної інтеграції для України в контексті забезпечення її національної безпеки. Європейський вектор вітчизняного державотворення розглядається як один з базових об'єктів національної безпеки України. Обґрунтовується, що євроатлантичний вибір – це єдиний прийнятний шлях магістрального розвитку України, який відповідає її національним інтересам, бажанню народу забезпечити своє надійне безпечне майбутнє. Виокремлені як цілком очевидні перспективи та переваги євроатлантичної інтеграції України, так і її можливі ризики та загрози для національної безпеки.

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, sólo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiera, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM ; A dedicated sample of Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energy √𝑠= 8 TeV is used to study inclusive single diffractive dissociation, pp → X p. The intact final-state proton is reconstructed in the ATLAS ALFA forward spectrometer, while charged particles from the dissociated system X are measured in the central detector components. The fiducial range of the measurement is −4.0 < log10ξ < −1.6 and 0.016 < |t| < 0.43 GeV2, where ξ is the proton fractional energy loss and t is the squared four-momentum transfer. The total cross section integrated across the fiducial range is 1.59 ± 0.13 mb. Cross sections are also measured differentially as functions of ξ, t, and ∆η, a variable that characterises the rapidity gap separating the proton and the system X . The data are consistent with an exponential t dependence, dσ/dt ∝ eBt with slope parameter B = 7.65 ± 0.34 GeV−2. Interpreted in the framework of triple Regge phenomenology, the ξ dependence leads to a pomeron intercept of α(0) = 1.07 ± 0.09A dedicated sample of Large Hadron Collider proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energy √𝑠 = 8 TeV is used to study inclusive single diffractive dissociation, pp → X p. The intact final-state proton is reconstructed in the ATLAS ALFA forward spectrometer, while charged particles from the dissociated system X are measured in the central detector components. The fiducial range of the measurement is −4.0 < log10ξ < −1.6 and 0.016 < |t| < 0.43 GeV2, where ξ is the proton fractional energy loss and t is the squared four-momentum transfer. The total cross section integrated across the fiducial range is 1.59 ± 0.13 mb. Cross sections are also measured differentially as functions of ξ, t, and ∆η, a variable that characterises the rapidity gap separating the proton and the system X . The data are consistent with an exponential t dependence, dσ/dt ∝ eBt with slope parameter B = 7.65 ± 0.34 GeV−2. Interpreted in the framework of triple Regge phenomenology, the ξ dependence leads to a pomeron intercept of α(0) = 1.07 ± 0.09 ; We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; ˇ MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and Compute Canada, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, and Marie Sk lodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d' Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers

Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.-- Open Access funding provided by Max Planck Society. ; Context Detailed studies of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN) require high-fidelity imaging at the highest possible resolution. This can be achieved using very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at radio frequencies, combining worldwide (global) VLBI arrays of radio telescopes with a space-borne antenna on board a satellite. Aims. We present multiwavelength images made of the radio emission in the powerful quasar S5 0836+710, obtained using a global VLBI array and the antenna Spektr-R of the RadioAstron mission of the Russian Space Agency, with the goal of studying the internal structure and physics of the relativistic jet in this object. Methods. The RadioAstron observations at wavelengths of 18 cm, 6 cm, and 1.3 cm are part of the Key Science Program for imaging radio emission in strong AGN. The internal structure of the jet is studied by analyzing transverse intensity profiles and modeling the structural patterns developing in the flow. Results. The RadioAstron images reveal a wealth of structural detail in the jet of S5 0836+710 on angular scales ranging from 0.02 mas to 200 mas. Brightness temperatures in excess of 1013 K are measured in the jet, requiring Doppler factors of 100 for reconciling them with the inverse Compton limit. Several oscillatory patterns are identified in the ridge line of the jet and can be explained in terms of the Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) instability. The oscillatory patterns are interpreted as the surface and body wavelengths of the helical mode of the KH instability. The interpretation provides estimates of the jet Mach number and of the ratio of the jet to the ambient density, which are found to be Mj 12 and 0:33. The ratio of the jet to the ambient density should be conservatively considered an upper limit because its estimate relies on approximations. © L. Vega-García et al. 2020 ; L.V.G. is a member of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Astronomy and Astrophysics at the Universities of Bonn and Cologne. The RadioAstron project is led by the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Lavochkin Scientific and Production Association under a contract with the State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS, in collaboration with partner organizations in Russia and other countries. This research is based on observations correlated at the Bonn Correlator, jointly operated by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR), and the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy (BKG). The European VLBI Network is a joint facility of European, Chinese, South African and other radio astronomy institutes funded by their national research councils. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Thanks to Phillip Edwards and Alan Roy for the useful comments about the paper. M.P. has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (grants AYA2015-66899-C2-1-P and AYA2016-77237-C3-3-P) and the Generalitat Valenciana (grant PROMETEOII/2014/069). This work was partially supported by the COST Action MP0904 Black Holes in a Violent Universe. G.B. acknowledges financial support under the INTEGRAL ASI-INAF agreement 2013-025-R.1. T.S. was supported by the Academy of Finland projects 274477, 284495, and 312496. I.A. acknowledges support by a Ramon y Cajal grant of the Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) of Spain. The research at the IAA-CSIC was partly supported by the MINECO through grants AYA2016-80889-P, AYA2013-40825-P, and AYA2010-14844. Y.Y.K. was supported in part by the government of the Russian Federation (agreement 05.Y09.21.0018) and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. ; Peer reviewed

One of the promising areas of increasing energy efficiency used in international practice is the demand-side management (DSM). It is implemented through price-dependent management of the schedule of consumers' demand for electric energy. Considering significant share of expenditures on electric power in the structure of the large consumers' energy consumption, we analysed the potential for introducing price-dependent management of expenditures on electric power as a tool for managing demand for electricity in the Russian regions. The study's information base were price characteristics of the supply of electric power, the actual hourly demand for electricity consumption, and the number of hours of the combined daily maximum of the Russian regions' electric power system for the period from 2016 to 2018. We applied the following methods: analysis and synthesis, mathematical and statistical analysis, method of constructing positioning maps. We developed a map for assessing the predictability of the hour of the daily maximum of a regional electric power system, the level of which determines the possibility of using price-dependent management in general. The map demonstrates the ratio of the developed indicators "Integral indicator of the cyclical nature of the regional energy system" and"Integral indicator of the energy system's maximum in Russia". Additionally, we used the unifying characteristics "Integrated indicator of the predictability of the hour of a regional energy system's combined maximum" and "the coefficient of the price of electric power". That allowed us to group the Russian regions in accordance with the degree of appropriateness of using price-dependent mechanisms for managing energy expenditures by the component "cost of electric power". The study's main result is the development of new tools for assessing the potential of using price-dependent management of expenditures on electric power, such as a "predictability map" and a regional grouping. We elaborated a set of methods for assessing the degree of potential efficiency in the use of price-dependent management of expenditures on electric power by electricity consumers in the Russian regions. The proposed approach can be used for developing federal and regional programs for the integrated demand-side management for electricity consumption. © 2020 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ; Одним из перспективных направлений повышения энергетической эффективности в международной практике является управление спросом на электропотребление, которое реализуется посредством ценозависимого управления графиком собственного спроса потребителей на электрическую энергию. Учитывая значительную долю затрат на оплату электрической мощности в структуре энергозатрат крупных потребителей, авторы посвятили статью анализу потенциала внедрения ценозависимого управления затратами на оплату электрической мощности как инструмента управления спросом на электропотребление в регионах России. Информационной базой исследования послужили ценовые характеристики поставки электрической мощности, значения фактического почасового спроса на электропотребление и номера часов совмещенного суточного максимума электроэнергетической системы регионов России за период 2016–2018 гг. В работе использованы методы анализа и синтеза, методы математического и статистического анализа, метод построения карт позиционирования. Авторами построена карта оценки степени прогнозируемости часа суточного максимума электроэнергетической системы региона, от уровня которой зависит возможность использования ценозависимого управления в целом. Карта отражает соотношение разработанных индикаторов «интегральный показатель цикличности региональной энергосистемы» и «интегральный показатель максимума энергосистемы России». С использованием обобщающих характеристик «интегральный показатель прогнозируемости часа совмещенного максимума региональной энергосистемы» и «коэффициент цены электрической мощности» проведена группировка регионов России по степени целесообразности применения механизмов ценозависимого управления затратами на электропотребление по компоненту «стоимость электрической мощности». Основным результатом исследования является разработка новых инструментов оценки потенциала использования ценозависимого управления затратами на электрическую мощность, таких как «карта прогнозируемости» и региональная группировка. Разработан инструментарий оценки степени эффективности применения методов ценозависимого управления затратами на электрическую мощность потребителями электроэнергии в разрезе регионов России. Предложенный подход может быть использован при разработке федеральных и региональных программ комплексного управления спросом на потребление электрической энергии. ; This article has been prepared with the support of the Government of the Russian Federation (Decree No. 211 of March 16, 2013), the agreement No. 02. A03.21.0011. ; Статья выполнена при поддержке Правительства РФ (Постановление № 211 от 16.03.2013г.), соглашение № 02.А03.21.0011.

У статті розглянуті нові підходи при вивченні глобальних проблем людства, що пов'язані з припиненням гонки озброєння, продовольчою і демографічною кризою, розривом у рівні забезпечення життя між різними прошарками населення, в закладах середньої і вищої освіти у процесі викладання "Безпеки життєдіяльності та охорони праці в галузі" й "Технологій" за рахунок більш ефективного компонування та подачі відповідного лекційного матеріалу з допомогою системи мультимедійних презентацій. Показано, що демографічна проблема, яка поділяється на дві одночасно діючі складові – демографічний вибух та демографічну кризу, фактично є однією з причин нарощування темпів гонки озброєння та загрози ядерної війни. Висвітлено сучасне протиріччя продовольчої проблеми, коли щороку виробляються величезні обсяги продуктів харчування, та майже третина їх викидається або втрачається. ; В статье рассмотрены новые подходы при изучении глобальных проблем человечества, связанных с прекращением гонки вооружения, продовольственным и демографическим кризисом, разрывом в уровне обеспечения жизни между различными слоями населения, в учреждениях среднего и высшего образования в процессе преподавания "Безопасности жизнедеятельности и охраны труда" и "Технологий" за счет более эффективной компоновки и подачи соответствующего лекционного материала с помощью системы мультимедийных презентаций. Показано, что демографическая проблема, которая делится на две одновременно действующие составляющие – демографический взрыв и кризис, фактически является одной из причин наращивания темпов гонки вооружений. Освещены современные противоречия продовольственной проблемы, когда ежегодно производятся огромные объемы продуктов питания, и почти треть из них выбрасывается или теряется. ; In the article new approaches are considered in the study of global humanity problems related to the termination of the arms race, the food and demographic crisis, the gap in the level of maintenance of life between different sections of the population, in institutions of secondary and higher education in the teaching of "Safety of Life and Safety in the field of Labor" and "Technologies" due to more efficient compilation and presentation of the relevant lecture material through a system of multimedia presentations. An analysis of the problem of the cessation of the arms race shows that it continues to increase its pace. So, in 2003, all the planetary states spent $ 956 billion on arms, which is 11% more than in 2002. The total amount of money spent on defense and armaments in 2004, for the first time in the history of mankind, exceeded 1 trillion dollars. Now this quantity already exceeds 1.7 trillion dollars. In our time, the world's nuclear powers continue to spend huge amounts of money to maintain and re-equip their nuclear arsenal. Only the Russian Federation spends up to 3 billion dollars each year, and in general, in 2018, 1.5 trillion rubles are allocated for the creation and serial production of armaments and military equipment in Russia. In the United States, more than $ 15 billion goes to support existing nuclear forces, and they plan to spend more than $ 500 billion on their maintenance and upgrades during the 2018-2040 period. The China has launched a long-term modernization program aimed at qualitatively improving the nuclear arsenal, while India, Pakistan and the North Korea are increasing their nuclear stockpile and are actively working on the development of missile systems. After World War II, more than 700 armed conflicts have taken place, including nearly 300 civil war, in which around 100 countries participated, killed up to 45 million people and almost 350 million were refugees. This is despite the fact that the number of refugees annually in the world is already more than 66 million (of which almost 42 million - internal), and the total ever-increasing number of migrants already exceeds 250 million. The analysis of the demographic problem shows that along with the increase in the population in Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and large-scale spontaneous migration, in some developed countries of Europe and Ukraine, where mortality exceeds fertility, there is a population decline (depopulation). Each year, the number of people on Earth increases by 70-90 million people, this requires an increase in food production by 30-40 million tons. However, now in many regions, especially in underdeveloped countries, food production is no longer able to meet the needs of the population, resulting in starvation becoming a permanent phenomenon, and the overall high-quality and quantitative malnutrition contributes to the emergence of epidemics of acute infectious and parasitic diseases.

The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [69]. ; Narrow resonances decaying into W W , W Z or Z Z boson pairs are searched for in 36.7 fb−1 of proton– proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2016. The diboson system is reconstructed using pairs of large-radius jets with high transverse momentum and tagged as compatible with the hadronic decay of high-momentum W or Z bosons, using jet mass and substructure properties. The search is sensitive to diboson resonances with masses in the range 1.2–5.0 TeV. No significant excess is observed in any signal region. Exclusion limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section times branching ratio to dibosons for a range of theories beyond the Standard Model. Model-dependent lower limits on the mass of new gauge bosons are set, with the highest limit set at 3.5 TeV in the context of mass-degenerate resonances that couple predominantly to bosons. ; ANPCyT YerPhI, Armenia Australian Research Council BMWFW, Austria Austrian Science Fund (FWF) Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS) SSTC, Belarus National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NRC, Canada Canada Foundation for Innovation CERN, Chile Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Science and Technology, China National Natural Science Foundation of China Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Colciencias Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic Czech Republic Government Czech Republic Government Czech Republic Government DNRF, Denmark Danish Natural Science Research Council Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) CEA-DRF/IRFU, France SRNSF, Georgia Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) HGF, Germany Max Planck Society Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT Hong Kong Research Grants Council Israel Science Foundation I-CORE, Israel Benoziyo Center, Israel Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) Japan Society for the Promotion of Science CNRST, Morocco Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) Netherlands Government RCN, Norway Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland NCN, Poland Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology MNE/IFA, Romania MES of Russia NRC KI, Russian Federation JINR, Serbia MESTD, Serbia MSSR, Slovakia Slovenian Research Agency - Slovenia MIZS, Slovenia DST/NRF, South Africa MINECO, Spain SRC, Sweden Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden SERI, Switzerland Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Canton of Bern, Switzerland Canton of Geneva, Switzerland Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan Ministry of Energy & Natural Resources - Turkey Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) United States Department of Energy (DOE) National Science Foundation (NSF) BCKDF, Canada Canada Council, Canada Canarie, Canada CRC, Canada Compute Canada, Canada FQRNT Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada European Union (EU) European Union (EU) European Research Council (ERC) European Union (EU) European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 European Union European Union (EU) French National Research Agency (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR) Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes Fondation Partager le Savoir, France German Research Foundation (DFG) Alexander von Humboldt Foundation European Union (EU) Greek Ministry of Development-GSRT US-Israel Binational Science Foundation German-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development Minerva, Israel BRF, Norway CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain Generalitat Valenciana Royal Society of London Leverhulme Trust

Current study focuses on the analysis of the impact of the deposit insurance system on the functioning of national banking system. Literature review reflects the difference in the opinions of analytics about the character of this impact. Summarizing points of view one may conclude that in unstable periods deposit insurance system may strengthen the banking system and prevent customers run. At the same time, during periods of economic growth deposit insurance may lead to the additional moral hazard. This research focuses on the banking systems of the BRICS countries: Russia is part of it, and, according to some analysts, the BRICS countries have good prospects for development. However, this association, in the authors' opinion, is rather artificial which is supported by the fact that development trajectories of its members as well as the achieved results are very different. Nevertheless, there is a common element - intensive transitions leading to significant instability in the economy and the presence of serious social problems, in particular poverty, a strong stratification of society and corruption. First part of the article presents comparative analysis of deposit insurance systems in the BRICS countries. Its results demonstrate that the approaches to organization of deposit insurance among members of the association are somewhat different. For example, in South Africa, the deposit insurance system functions in an implicit manner (i.e., not legislated). In some countries it is privately owned (or has no state guarantees). The second part introduces mathematical and statistical analysis of the impact that deposit insurance system has on the level of risks that banks of BRICS take. Online availability and quality of data on the state of the banking systems and activities of deposit insurance systems allowed for a full-fledged analysis only for the Russian Federation and Brazil. As for the rest of member-countries, the authors performed brief analysis. The results of estimating models for panel data made it possible to conclude that the effect of increasing the amount of insurance cover on the level of risks depends significantly on the characteristics of the crisis situation (if any), the level of control of the banking environment by the regulator and the proportion of deposits in the balance currency that fall under the jurisdiction of the deposit insurance system. ; Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу влияния системы страхования вкладов (ССВ) на функционирование банковских систем. Приведенный в работе обзор отражает разнообразие мнений аналитиков относительно характера данного влияния. Обобщение исследований позволяет сделать вывод о том, что в периоды нестабильности ССВ способствует укреплению банковской системы, предотвращая, в частности, «набеги» вкладчиков на банки. В то же время в периоды роста экономики страхование вкладов может привести к росту морального риска. В центре внимания данного исследования банковские системы стран БРИКС: Россия входит в нее, и по мнению ряда аналитиков, страны БРИКС имеют неплохие перспективы развития. При этом нельзя не отметить, что объединение это, на взгляд авторов, достаточно искусственное и, как показывает реальная практика, пути развития стран-участниц и достигнутые результаты сильно различаются. Тем не менее общим является наличие интенсивных переходных процессов, ведущих к существенной нестабильности в экономике и наличию серьезных социальных проблем, в частности бедности, сильного расслоения общества и коррупции. В первой части работы проведен сравнительный анализ систем страхования вкладов в странах БРИКС. Его результаты показывают, что подходы к организации страхования вкладов у членов ассоциации весьма различны. Так, в Южно-Африканской Республике система страхования вкладов функционирует в неявном виде (то есть законодательно не закреплена). В некоторых странах она находится в частной собственности (или не имеет государственных гарантий). Во второй части работы дается математико-статистический анализ влияния системы страхования вкладов на уровень рисков, которые принимают на себя банки в странах БРИКС. Наличие и качество данных о состоянии банковских систем и деятельности систем страхования вкладов в открытом доступе позволили провести полноценный анализ только для двух стран - России и Бразилии. Для прочих участников ассоциации был проведен сокращенный анализ. Результаты оценивания моделей для панельных данных позволили заключить, что влияние увеличения суммы страхового покрытия на уровень рисков существенно зависит от характеристик кризисной ситуации (при наличии таковой), уровня контроля банковской среды регулятором и доли депозитов в валюте баланса, которые попадают под юрисдикцию ССВ.

WOS: 000409235100017 ; Light-by-light scattering (gamma gamma -> gamma gamma) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 mu b(-1) of lead-lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 +/- 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (gamma gamma) -> Pb-(center dot) + Pb-(center dot) gamma gamma, for photon transverse energy E-T > 3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 +/- 24 (stat.) +/- 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions. ; BCKDF; Canada Council; CANARIE; CRCAustralian GovernmentDepartment of Industry, Innovation and ScienceCooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme; Compute Canada; FQRNTFQRNT; Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET; ERCEuropean Research Council (ERC); ERDFEuropean Union (EU); FP7; Horizon 2020; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European UnionEuropean Union (EU); Investissements dAvenir Labex and IdexFrench National Research Agency (ANR); ANRRegion AuvergneFrench National Research Agency (ANR); Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG, GermanyGerman Research Foundation (DFG); AvH Foundation, GermanyAlexander von Humboldt Foundation; Thales programme; Aristeia programme; EU-ESFEuropean Union (EU); Greek NSRFGreek Ministry of Development-GSRT; BSF, Israel; GIF, IsraelGerman-Israeli Foundation for Scientific Research and Development; Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, SpainGeneralitat Valenciana; Royal Society, United KingdomRoyal Society of London; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomLeverhulme Trust ; We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZC, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements dAvenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. 51.

ATLAS has measured two-particle correlations as a function of the relative azimuthal angle, Delta phi, and pseudorapidity, Delta eta, in root s = 13 and 2.76 TeV pp collisions at the LHC using charged particles measured in the pseudorapidity interval vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.5. The correlation functions evaluated in different intervals of measured charged-particle multiplicity show a multiplicity-dependent enhancement at Delta phi similar to 0 that extends over a wide range of Delta eta, which has been referred to as the "ridge." Per-trigger-particle yields, Y(Delta phi) are measured over 2 < vertical bar Delta eta vertical bar < 5. For both collision energies, the Y(Delta phi) distribution in all multiplicity intervals is found to be consistent with a linear combination of the per-trigger-particle yields measured in collisions with less than 2 phi reconstructed tracks, and a constant combinatoric contribution modulated by cos (2 Delta phi). The fitted Fourier coefficient, nu(2,2), exhibits factorization, suggesting that the ridge results from per-event cos (2 phi) modulation of the single-particle distribution with Fourier coefficients nu(2). The nu(2) values are presented as a function of multiplicity and transverse momentum. They are found to be approximately constant as a function of multiplicity and to have a p(T) dependence similar to that measured in p + Pb and Pb + Pb collisions. The nu(2) values in the 13 and 2.76 TeV data are consistent within uncertainties. These results suggest that the ridge in pp collisions arises from the same or similar underlying physics as observed in p + Pb collisions, and that the dynamics responsible for the ridge has no strong root s dependence. ; ATLAS Collaboration, for complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.172301 Funding: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, DNSRC and Lundbeck Foundation, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, CEA-DSM/IRFU, France; GNSF, Georgia; BMBF, HGF, and MPG, Germany; GSRT, Greece; RGC, Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, I-CORE and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW and NCN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; JINR; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DST/NRF, South Africa; MINECO, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, the Canada Council, CANARIE, CRC, Compute Canada, FQRNT, and the Ontario Innovation Trust, Canada; EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex and Idex, ANR, Region Auvergne and Fondation Partager le Savoir, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; BSF, GIF and Minerva, Israel; BRF, Norway; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN and the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA) and in the Tier-2 facilities worldwide.

The article presents the outcomes of a sociological study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Philosophy and Law, SB RAS (Novosibirsk), including the authors of the article, in the Altai Republic (2014) – a study which included a massive opinion poll. The article examines how the character of a certain region is determined by its historical and cultural specificities, as well as by its current ethnosocial developments.In this article, our focus was on the ethnosocial situation in the Altai Republic, in particular on the attitudes people have on interethnic relationships in this region. It is important to distinguish between "ethnosocial processes" and "ethnosocial situation". We view the former as the developments running within the system of interethnic relationships in multiethnic societies. Ethnosocial processes have local characters of their own in each specific region.Ethnosocial situation can be described by means of analyzing the patterns ethnicities and interethnic communities follow in their development, as well as the issues of regulating interethnic relations. These relations (viewed as 'deeds' and not mere 'feelings') are indicators of the ethnosocial situation, which in its turn provides a snapshot of ethnosocial processes in the region.The Altai Republic is a polyethnic region of the Russian Federation, with its population breaking down into three main ethnic groups – Russians, Altaians and Kazakhs. Among the region's other inhabitants are several indigenous peoples of the North. The population is known to have developed certain practices of nonconfrontational coexistence of various ethnicities. The poll results confirmed that Russians, Altaians, Kazakhs and representatives of indigenous peoples of the North have fairly friendly attitudes towards one another. Respondents characterized current interethnic relations as positive, emphasizing their stable development over time. At the same time, they were somewhat uncertain about further evolution of interethnic relations and the possibility of interethnic conflicts. This uncertainty was probably due to general political and economic instability in Russia and around the world.On the whole, mutual sympathies and antipathies between representatives of various ethnicities within the Altai Republic do not largely depend on belonging to a particular ethnic group. This indicates a low level of interethnic tension. Mutual sympathies of Russians, Kazakhs and Altaians, as expressed by respondents, provide a positive view of the attitudes they display while involved in interethnic relations. ; В статье представлены некоторые результаты социологического исследования, проведенного методом массового опроса сотрудниками Института философии и права СО РАН (г. Новосибирск) при участии авторов в Республике Алтай в2014 г. Фиксируется проблематика обусловленности специфики отдельного региона его историко-культурными особенностями и протекающими в нем современными этносоциальными процессами.Авторы фокусируют внимание на этносоциальной ситуации в Республике Алтай, а именно на установках в межэтнических отношениях в данном регионе. Отмечается необходимость различения понятий «этносоциальные процессы» и «этносоциальная ситуация». Этносоциальные процессы рассматриваются как процессы, протекающие в системе межэтнических взаимодействий в многонациональных обществах. Представляется значимым учет локализации этносоциального процесса, имеющего свои особенности в каждом регионе.Этносоциальная ситуация может быть зафиксирована посредством анализа закономерностей развития этносов и межэтнических сообществ, а также вопросов, связанных с регулированием межэтнических отношений. Межэтнические отношения (понимаемые не только как «чувства», но и как «действия») являются индикатором этносоциальной ситуации, которая, в свою очередь, является единомоментным срезом этносоциальных процессов в регионе.Республика Алтай является полиэтничным регионом Российской Федерации, где по численности выделяют три основные этнические группы — русские, алтайцы и казахи. В регионе также проживают представители коренных малочисленных народов Севера (КМНС). Зафиксировано, что у населения выработаны определенные практики бесконфликтного межэтнического соседства.Анализ данных опроса позволил подтвердить, что установки русских, алтайцев, казахов и представителей КМНС по отношению друг к другу являются достаточно благожелательными. Так, респондентами позитивно оценены межэтнические отношения, существующие в настоящем, а также отмечена стабильность их развития в недавнем прошлом. В то же время зафиксирована некоторая неуверенность опрошенных в отношении дальнейшего развития межэтнических отношений и вероятности возникновения конфликтов между этносами, очевидно, спровоцированная общим фоном нестабильности политической и экономической ситуации в России и в мире.Взаимные симпатии и антипатии представителей разных этносов Республики Алтай в целом мало зависят от этнической принадлежности, что свидетельствует о низком фоне межэтнической напряженности. Взаимные симпатии русских, казахов и алтайцев, выраженные опрошенными, характеризуют установки в межэтнических отношениях в позитивном ключе.

Поводом для написания статьи послужило заявление первого заместителя министра финансов РФ Т.Г. Нестеренко о том, что в 2017 году у государства закончатся деньги на выплату зарплат работникам бюджетной сферы [3]. Действительно, накопленные в тучные годы резервы иссякают. Правительство РФ среди источников покрытия растущего бюджетного дефицита видит приватизацию остатков государственной собственности, которая создаст сиюминутный эффект и не сможет стать стабильным каналом наполнения казны, а также масштабное сокращение расходов, чреватое в преддверии электорального цикла обострением протестного настроения россиян, вызванного резким ухудшением уровня жизни. Большинство представителей экспертно-научного сообщества, в том числе сотрудники ИСЭРТ РАН, в качестве одной из основных мер преодоления дисбаланса бюджетной системы рассматривают назревшую необходимость реформирования системы налогообложения доходов физических лиц путём введения прогрессивной шкалы ставок. Такая шкала успешно действует во всех странах ОЭСР, «Большой двадцатки» и БРИКС. Цель настоящей статьи обосновать необходимость реформирования налога на доходы физических лиц (НДФЛ) как фактора стабильной мобилизации бюджетных средств. В качестве гипотезы выдвинуто предположение о прямой связи между перераспределением доходов через прогрессивное налогообложение и увеличением ресурсного потенциала бюджетной системы. Представленные в статье результаты исследования подтверждают, что действующие механизмы налогообложения доходов граждан не соответствуют конституционным принципам равенства, социальной ориентированности и экономической целесообразности. В результате по важнейшим показателям социально-экономического развития Россия отстаёт от развитых и ряда сопоставимых развивающихся стран. Чрезмерная поляризация населения по уровню денежных доходов актуализирует проблему модификации НДФЛ. Руководство РФ игнорирует введение прогрессивного налогообложения доходов физических лиц. Между тем, по самым ориентировочным расчётам, применение повышенной ставки в отношении только 77 сверхбогатых бизнесменов РФ способно пополнить бюджет на 2,2 трлн. руб., что позволило бы полностью решить проблему долгового кризиса регионов, а в перспективе существенно снизить уровень их дотационности и зависимости от федерального центра. ; The reason for writing this article was a statement of the First Deputy Finance Minister Tatyana Nesterenko who claimed that in 2017 the government would run out of money to pay salaries to budgetary sphere employees [3]. Indeed, the reserves accumulated in the fat years are running out. The Government of the Russian Federation finds the following sources to cover the growing budget deficit: first, privatization of the remnants of state property, which will create a momentary effect and will not become a stable channel for filling the treasury; and second, major cuts on spending that on the eve of the electoral cycle can aggravate protest moods of Russians caused by a sharp deterioration of the standard of living. The majority of representatives of the expert and scientific community, including ISEDT RAS employees, consider the urgent need to reform the system for taxation of individual income tax by introducing a progressive tax scale as one of the main solutions to the growing imbalance of the budgetary system. This scale is applied successfully in all the countries of the OECD, G20 and BRICS. The goal of the present paper is to substantiate the need for reformation of individual income tax as a driving force of sustainable mobilization of budget funds. As a hypothesis, an assumption is made concerning the existence of a direct link between the redistribution of income through progressive taxation and an increase in the resource potential of the budgetary system. Research findings presented in the paper confirm that the current mechanisms for taxation of people's incomes do not correspond to the constitutional principles of equality, social orientation and economic viability. As a result, judging by the most important indicators of socio-economic development, Russia lags behind developed countries and some comparable developing countries. Excessive income polarization brings to the fore the issue concerning individual income tax modification. The Russian leadership ignores the introduction of progressive taxation of individual income. Meanwhile, according to the most approximate calculations, if incremental taxation rate is applied to the incomes of 77 super-rich Russian businessmen, it will help replenish the budget by 2.2 trillion rubles that will solve the debt crisis issue in Russia's regions, and in the future significantly reduce the level of subsidization and dependence on the federal center.

В статье представлены воспоминания одного из ведущих отечественных исследователей молодежной проблематики о том, как начиналась разработка государственной молодежной политики (ГМП) в СССР в 1980-е годы. Тогда создавались теория и концепция ГМП, «Закон о молодежи», работала ведущая организация по исследованию молодежных проблем в стране Научно-исследовательский центр (НИЦ) при Высшей комсомольской школе, где трудилось более 200 научных работников. Директором этого единственного в стране научного учреждения, способного проводить масштабные и комплексные исследования молодежи, был И. М. Ильинский. Идеи ГМП автор привез из Швеции, где он неоднократно бывал на международных конференциях, начиная с 1984 г. В Швеции оказалось много проблем у молодежи, но и была хорошо организована государственная система по решению этих проблем. Это побудило автора задуматься об отсутствии в СССР научно обоснованной государственной политики в отношении к молодежи. В 1986 г. автор выступил на Научной сессии, посвященной 10-летию НИЦ при ВКШ с докладом «Проблемы молодежи и молодежной политики в условиях ускорения социально-экономического развития советского общества». Это было первое в Советском Союзе изложение идеи и принципиальных основ ГМП. Инициатива была поддержана руководством комсомола. Утверждение концепции и самого термина «государственная молодежная политика» было не просто теоретическими изысками, а сопровождалось сложной политической и идейной борьбой. Несмотря на это, в результате долговременной и трудной борьбы были разработаны теоретические и правовые основы концепции ГМП, подготовлен законопроект «Об общих началах государственной молодежной политики в СССР», которые прочно вошли в научный оборот, общественное сознание и общественную практику. С уничтожением СССР в 1991 г. история Закона СССР «Об общих началах государственной молодежной политики в СССР» как юридического акта завершилась: он не вошел в состав нормативных правовых актов Российской Федерации. Но это был финал Закона только по форме. Теоретические основы ГМП и ее содержание, правовые нормы Закона продолжают оказывать важное воздействие на весь процесс строительства государственной молодежной политики в «новой» России по сей день. ; The article is written as a memoir by one the leading Russian experts in youth studies on how the development of state youth policy (SYP) began in the 1980s. This was the decade which saw the rise of the theory and concept of the SYP which led to the passing of the Youth Act spearheaded by the top thinktank in this field the Research Center of the Higher Komsomol School, which had over 200 researchers among its staff. The idea of the SYP was developed by the author of this article after a visit to an international conference in Västerås, Sweden in 1984. Although the Swedish youth faced many problems at the time, the country had a well-built state system to help solve them. The author felt that Russia lacked a scientifically grounded youth policy. In 1986, at the research session celebrating the 10th anniversary of the HKS Research Center the author presented a paper titled "Problems of youth and youth policy under the acceleration of social and political development of Soviet society". For the very first time in the Soviet Union, this report expounded the notion and the theoretical foundations of the SYP. The idea found support by Komsomol leaders, and other research centers joined the HKS in further working it out. The adoption of the very term 'state youth policy' was no mechanical act and came as a result of complex political and ideological struggle. The theoretical and legal foundations of the SYP were developed by the author in collaboration with his colleagues. The long course of preparing the bill helped these foundations enter the public life and social conscience of the Soviet society. The lifespan of the Act of the Basic Foundations of State Youth Policy in the USSR proved to be short: after the collapse of the Soviet Union it was not included into the body of laws of the Russian Federation. But this did not put an end to the idea the Act's provisions, its concept and the legal norms it encoded still played a decisive role in shaping the state youth policy in the course of the next decade, at least until the turn of the century.

Актуальность и цели. Изучение опыта реализации национальной и религиозной политики на начальных этапах истории советского государства имеет принципиальное значение для выработки курса внутренней политики в современной России, позволяет выявить факторы, влиявшие на содержание курса и его эффективность. Цель исследования заключается в рассмотрении идеологического наполнения политики в сфере поиска опор государственной конструкции в условиях выхода России из Гражданской войны и задач формирования однопартийного государства в СССР, обеспечивавших необходимый уровень социально-политической стабильности. Материалы и методы. Реализация исследовательских задач была осуществлена на основе анализа документов, извлеченных из фондов Российского государственного архива новейшей истории и Государственного архива Российской Федерации, а также анализа историографических источников по проблеме. Методологической основой исследования выступает герменевтика как метод интерпретации текста, что позволяет вычленить объективную информацию из документов идеологического характера и избежать следования историографическим штампам, а также историко-ситуационный метод, раскрывающий причинно-следственные связи, исходя из реальной конкретно-исторической ситуации, анализа картины мира, аутентичной социальной общности рассматриваемого периода. Результаты. Исследовано наполнение политики советского государства в отношении национального строительства и управления процессом секуляризации общественного сознания в 1917-1920-е гг. Выявлено соотношение принципов декларируемого и реального содержания практики властно-политического регулирования. Доказана прямая зависимость между задачами укрепления властной вертикали, ее легитимизации, повышения эффективности управленческих стратегий и необходимостью идеологического отступления в формате поддержки программ федерализации и либерализации отношений государства и церкви. Выводы. Анализ практической реализации курса на национальное и религиозное самоопределение народов в первое постреволюционное десятилетие, созданная путем проб и ошибок модель позитивного включения элементов этнической идентичности в идеологическую практику правящей партии выступали опорным методом легитимизации власти РКП (б) в 1920-х гг. Вместе с тем ослабление классового содержания и отказ от курса на мировую революцию, интернационализацию социальных отношений носило исключительно временный и ограниченный характер. Структурой, контролирующей предел допустимых уступок в вопросах самоопределения граждан, выступило Объединенное государственное политическое управление (ОГПУ).Background. Studying the experience of national and religious policies during the initial stages of the Soviet state history is crucial for the development of domestic policy in Russia today. It allows to identify the factors that influenced the course and its effectiveness. The study is aimed at exploring ideological policies of the state structure in the conditions of Russia's withdrawal from the Civil War and the formation of a one-party Soviet state which could provide the necessary level of social and political stability. Materials and methods. The research strategy was based on the analysis of documents, extracted from the funds of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, as well as on data from other historiographic sources on the issue. The methodological basis of the research included hermeneutics as a method of text interpretation, allowing to indicate objective information of the ideological framework and avoid repetition of historiographic clichés, as well as the historical and situational method, revealing cause-and-effect relationships based on the real historical situation, the analysis of the world picture, authenticity of the social community of the period in consideration. Results. The authors examined the policy of the Soviet state addressing national construction and management of secularization of public consciousness in the 1917-1920s. The study indicated the ratio of declared principles and those already included in the content of power-political regulation. The research has revealed a direct correlation between the factors reinforcing the vertical of power and its legitimation, and the need to develop programs of federalization and liberalization of relationships between the church and the state. Conclusions. The analysis of the implementation of the policy of national and religious self-determination of peoples in the first post-revolutionary decade has shown that the model that was established by trial and error and incorporated elements of a positive ethnic identity in the ideology of the ruling party became the main method of legitimizing the power of the Russian Communist Party (b) in the 1920s. At the same time, the weakening of class content and abandonment of the world revolution, internationalization of social relations were temporary and limited. The structure, which controlled permissible concessions in matters of self-determination of citizens, was OGPU.

Рассматривается тайное военно-политическое сотрудничество Польши и Германии против СССР в течение 1933-1935 гг. Неофициальный диктатор Польши Юзеф Пилсудский, стремясь к восстановлению Великой Польши, вопреки решениям Локарн-ской конференции и проекту «пакта четырех» заставил Гитлера включить Польшу в планы последнего завоевания «жизненного пространства» на Востоке. С одной стороны, началась реализация так называемого польско-германского «воздушного пакта», который курировал Геринг, а с другой осуществлялось тесное взаимодействие Главного штаба Войска Польского и Генерального штаба рейхсвера под главенством генералов Фабрыцы и Райхенау. Процесс польско-германского военно-политического сотрудничества координировался лично Пилсудским. ; The aim of this paper is to study the Polish-German political and military cooperation against the Soviet Union during the 1933-1935 years, with the involvement of Soviet intelligence documents from the so-called "personal archive of I.V. Stalin". Among other things, special attention is paid to the adventurous nature of the methods by which Marshal J. Pilsudski made Chancellor A. Hitler to include Poland in his "Eastern plans" for conquering "living space"("Lebensraum"). Until the XVIII century Polish-German relations developed as the relations of ongoing military-political confrontation. After three partitions of Poland, Prussia, which became one of the states-separators permanently transformed the perception of the image of Germans as an enemy. Being for a long time in the three different states left an imprint on the historical fate of the Poles. During World War I Polish military units fought in the ranks of the Entente, and on the side of the Triple Alliance. After the rebirth of the Polish state in November 1918 the figure of Jozef Pilsudski came out on the first plan. He led the so-called Polish Legions as part of the Austro-Hungarian army during WWI, and he held the position as a "Head of State" until 1922. His cherished goal was to revive the Great Poland in the borders of 1772, to create a federation of satellite states and push Russia to the Urals. After the Locarno conference, which opened the way to the East for Germany, but at the same time has transformed Poland into its possible victim, Pilsudski in May 1926 made a coup and began to actually determine the foreign policy line of Poland alone. In December 1932, he decided to refocus Polish foreign policy from France to Germany. However, the new rulers of the German National Socialists did not want it. During the winter and spring of 1933, Pilsudski, bluffing threat of preventive war, forced German Chancellor Hitler to include Poland in its plans to conquer Lebensraum in the East. After the ex-head of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs E. Sapieha made it clear to Western politicians in late August 1933 that Poland is ready to participate in the campaign to the East, German Minister Neurath and Goebbels, the propaganda minister met with the Polish Minister Beck in late September. At the meeting they agreed upon community of Polish and German interests in the East. As a result of the ensuing Polish-German secret talks January 26, 1934 the Polish-German declaration on mutual non-aggression was concluded. Later it became clear that it was hiding a secret agreement on military and political cooperation. During 1934 spring 1935 there has been a realization of the secret military and political cooperation. On the one hand, it was in charge of the air aspect of Reich Marshal Goering, Hitler personally ordered that custody of the process of creating the so-called "air pact". On the other hand, full swing secret cooperation between the General Staff of the Polish Army led by General Fabrytsy and Reichswehr General Staff headed by General Reichenau, it personally oversaw the Marshal Pilsudski. The second direction was able to light thanks to the so-called documents of "personal archive of I.V. Stalin" the Soviet intelligence documents.