Suchergebnisse

Over the last few decades, immigrant adaptation issues have continued to bear relevance both in Russia and around the world. Those who relocated to new places of residence no longer attach themselves to one place (locale), nation (state-civil community), or culture, which, of course, takes a toll on their self-perception and adaptation – this creates new opportunity and new dimensions in terms of identity. This mostly applies to civil, ethnic and local identities, due to their complex nature and their proportion between the country of origin and host environment. Both foreign and Russian researchers recognize the importance of studying immigrant identities, which is regarded as one of the components of their capacity for integration. This article considers the proportion of Russian identity, identity of country of origin, as well as local and ethnic identities of Azerbaijani immigrants living in Russia. Their readiness to transform their self-consciousness, with it being a key indicator of their integration into Russian society, is analyzed. This study's empirical basis consists of data from an all-Russian survey among labor immigrants, conducted by the HSE and CEPRS in 19 Russian regions in 2017, as well as data from semi-structured interviews with Azerbaijani immigrants living in Moscow, which helped identify situational factors in their hierarchy of identities and understand the foundations on which their self-consciousness is based. Analyzed is how immigrants' identity structure is influenced by age and place of residence, education level, type of immigration and duration of stay in Russia. It was revealed, based on in-depth interviews, that Russian identity among Azerbaijanis is based around a state-civil foundation, while in the case of elder generations it is based around their having been a common nation in the past. A conclusion is drawn indicating a transnational direction in Azerbaijani immigrants' identity, with ethnic identity prevailing, which fits in favorably with a developing sense of connection to Russia both among circular and long-term migrants. In relation to comparable studies conducted in 2011, analyzed are the increasingly more positive assessments of the host Russian environment by Azerbaijani immigrants, which, in our estimation, creates a favorable foundation for developing a positive Russian identity among them.

The article analyzes the problems of charity development in the world and in Russia over the past 25 years. The research reveals the issues of citizens' involvement in various forms of philanthropy and the specifi cs of national policy in this area. The author of the article examines the dynamics of increasing public confidence in NPOs and various charitable organizations, as well as identifi es new methods and means of providing support and donations to organizations in need. The author also analyzes the statistical database for the specifi ed time period.

Nowadays Islam takes the stage of recovery associated with the peculiar issues associated with the Muslim society. These characteristics are expressed in the spread of ideas of Islamic fundamentalism and its supporters' confrontation with the rest of the world. This process has affected the Russian Muslims as well, the trend developed after the collapse of the Soviet Union when the post soviet muslims began to realize themselves as part of one of the Muslim Ummah, coming into conflict with the secular law of the Russian Federation. After the Soviet Union's disintegration, the radical Islamic ideas have begun to appear in Russia, in the conditions of the growth of nationalism these thoughts found a fertile ground. One of these ideas was associated with the construction of Sharia state in the Muslim autonomous republics of the Russian Federation and their subsequent withdrawal from Russian's membership. The situation for the Russian state in the Muslim republics aggravated the war in Chechnya. Through Chechnya mercenaries from Arab countries started to penetrate to the Russian territory, they also brought the money for the destabilization of the internal situation in Russia. Nevertheless, separatism did not find the mass support in neighboring regions such as Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia and Ingushetia. It is evidently that international Jihad ideas were supported financially from abroad. The issue of funding is a key part of the development of Islamic fundamentalism in Russia, the international Islamic funds and organizations gave huge financial assistance to them. At the present moment Russian authorities lead a fruitful and a successful fight against terrorism. In the future, after the completion of the antiterrorist operation in the Middle East hundreds of terrorists may return to Russia with huge experience that can threaten the security of the Russian state.

The Azerbaijan-Russia borderline mainly goes by the Caucasian mountain range and close to the Samur riverbed. Main border posts are situated close to the Caspian seashore while the locals living in the Upper Dagestan area have difficulties with crossing borderline. The locals are represented by the so called "divided peoples" whose living area was divided with the state border after 1991. The former inner borders ignored ethnic areas but now they became the lines crossing the ethnic groups of Legins, Avars, Tzakhurs and Rutuls. Certainly, those peoples are interested in specific rules for crossing the border. At the same time, their areas have not got the equipped border offices and they have to spend a lot of time and money for travelling to the neighboring districts via Baku or Vladikavkaz. Such problems arouse the radical demands among locals. The Lezgin movement for an independent Lezgistan is the most famous among them. Its supporters were involved in a terrorist attack in Baku in 1990-s and now they collect files about any problems connected with border issues, including the results of a demarcation process. They attract attention to the facts of all assignments made by Russian representatives. The activity of other ethnic groups was comparatively lower and they could make an agreement with local authorities about division of powers. Obviously, any solution about development of the border infrastructure may stabilize the separatism activity in the area.

The author determines the key challenges and threats to cross-border security at Azerbaijan-Russia borderline on the basis of analysis of Federal and regional media, declarations made by representatives of the local and borderline authorities, as well as online activities of national movements. The author reveals the infrastructure factors of ensuring cross-border activity, social and economic conditions of borderline districts development. The suggestion is made on the need to develop infrastructure borderline objects for complex development of the crossborder area that will allow preventing separatism.

The paper presents the results of seismicity monitoring for the main seismically active regions of Russia: the Caucasus, the East European Platform, the Arctic, Altai and Sayan, the Baikal and Transbaikalia; Amur and Primorye; Sakhalin, the Kuril-Okhotsk region, Yakutia, Northeast Russia and Chukotka, Kamchatka and the Commander Islands in 2022. For each region, catalogs of the most significant and perceptible earthquakes are given with the parameters of hypocenters and magnitudes obtained from the processing of instrumental observations. The manifestation of the macroseismic effect from the majority of tangible earthquakes (with I≥2.5 points on the SSI-2017 scale) that occurred on the territory of Russia is analyzed. The materials presented in the manuscript are for informational purposes for specialists in the field of seismology and seismotectonics. It is designed to promptly (before the release of thematic review collections devoted to earthquakes in Russia) to acquaint readers with the available overview information on the seismicity of Russia in 2022.

В данной статье рассмотрены изменения, произошедшие на франчайзинговом рынке России в связи с пандемией короновируса и вызванным ей экономическим кризисом. Методологическую основу работы составляют современные исследования влияния COVID-19 на российский бизнес, актуальные деловые и научные публикации, а также авторское исследование на основе опроса российских франчайзеров об изменениях франчайзинговой модели в условиях кризиса, проведенное в конце 2020 г. Ухудшение макроэкономических показателей, резкое снижение реальных доходов населения отразились на поведении потребителей, кардинально изменив их потребительские привычки и модель потребления. В статье выделено четыре типа потребительского поведения, формирование которых началось до пандемии и укрепилось во время нее. Кроме того, определены тенденции следующих изменений, которые в дальнейшем будут определять стратегии франчайзинговых компаний. Проанализированы основные показатели, характеризующие трансформацию спроса на франшизы в период пандемии: динамика количества партнеров во франчайзинговых сетях, изменения в инвестиционных предпочтениях и возможностях потенциальных франчайзи; а также антикризисные меры франчайзеров для поддержки своих партнеров. В связи с тем, что степень влияния кризиса на деятельность видов и даже сегментов франчайзингового бизнеса оказалась неоднозначной, автором предложена классификация франшиз в новой экономической реальности с целью систематизации участников франчайзингового рынка и выявления тенденций его будущего развития. Результаты работы могут быть использованы для дальнейших исследований трансформации франчайзинговой модели, разработки новых франчайзинговых предложений и принятия решения об инвестировании во франшизу.

The paper examines the current state of Russia's entrepreneurial institutional environment built on W.R. Scott's concept of a three-dimentinal institutional environment (regulatory, normative, and cognitive). The study aims to evaluate the perception of these three dimensions by three groups of respondents: entrepreneurs, non-entrepreneurs and those with entrepreneurial intentions, including the assessment of value profiles of these groups using Schwartz's value inventory. The results of the study support the assumption that the three groups of respondents have different perceptions of institutional environment, and also suggest that value priorities differ depending on individuals' entrepreneurial activity or intentions. Specifically, for current or former entrepreneurs self-sufficiency is of much higher value than security.

The author discusses the current issues of labor education of the younger generation in Russia.

Во введении рассмотрены основные характеристики политических мифов и показано, что в отношении нашей страны они базируются на поверхностных исторических и культурных взглядах на политическое прошлое России и тенденциозных идеологических и психологических оценках современных политических процессов. В качестве основных методов авторами используются культурологический, социально-философский и дискурсивный анализ публичных практик. Рассматриваются основные темы, поднимаемые в западной научной литературе и прессе: отсталость нашей страны, авторитарность режима, репрессивный характер государства, коррупция, национализм, нарушения прав и свобод личности, агрессивная внешняя политика и т. д. В ходе анализа отмечено, что сама российская действительность дает некоторые основания для подобных заключений. В то же время, используя конкретные данные, авторы корректируют критические суждения и опровергают многие из них. Главной претензией наших оппонентов является утверждение о неспособности или сознательном нежелании России стать органической частью западной цивилизации. Тем самым нашей стране отказывается в праве на историческую самобытность и поиски альтернативных путей развития. Результатом исследования является общий вывод о том, что в большинстве западных мифов проявляется неприятие России как самостоятельной державы и ее независимого политического курса и содержатся попытки навязать ей собственные представления и интересы. Встречаются и объективнысуждения о нашей стране. Авторы считают, что процесс отказа от взаимных обвинений и стереотипов будет длительным и сложным, но он необходим для установления равноправных партнерских отношений. Для этого Россия должна преодолеть собственные трудности и добиться идейного консенсуса и консолидации всего общества.

This article examines the specifics of the income inequality structure in modern Russian society, as well as the tendencies for its change during the country's post-Soviet period of development. It is shown that, compared to other countries, the traditional economic indexes which measure income inequality (decile ratio, Gini coefficient) position the Russian Federation as a country with a high degree of inequality within the mass layers of the population, especially when compared to Europe, albeit the level of inequality is slightly lower compared to BRICS member states. When using equivalence scales, which adjust the people's income after factoring in economies of scale in consumption, Russia's inequality figures improve even more. Based on quintile income distribution and the concentration of income within the highest quintile, Russia also occupies an intermediate position, surpassing most European countries, though not BRICS member states. However, the highest quintile is characterized by a high degree of differentiation. When transitioning from the wealthiest 20% of the population to the 1–5%, Russia's place among other countries of the world changes significantly: when it comes to the gap between the "upper crust" and the masses, Russia can be considered one of the leading countries in the world.

It has also been revealed that on the other end of the income distribution spectrum, at the population's lower strata, there has been a noticeable "rise" of low-income groups in the last few years, with them somewhat approaching the middle. It was manifested in a more rapid increase in prosperity among the lower 40% of the population when compared to the population in general, as well as in a noticeable decrease in poverty levels during the 2000's. Those citizens who were left in the lower strata of income distribution created a clearer image of poverty, which differs from the "average Russian" and emphasizes the importance of gauging not only low income level, but also an array of non-monetary inequality dimensions. Such a process of "homogenization" has lead to an increase in the size of groups with median and average income, with them being the most numerous groups in the current structure of Russian society. However, the increase in the number of people in said groups was not only caused by their shifts from low-income groups of the population, but also because of some members from the more prosperous strata experiencing an "averaging" of their level of income as well.

The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.

The paper identifies the reasons for the lack of the gender equality officer in the Russian Federation against the background of the Nordic countries and Germany experience and conditions for the establishment of the gender equality in Europe. Using gender approach the political and cultural situation of the Russian society is analyzed and the ways to solve the problem are suggested.

Lean technologies are an instrument to increase company operational performance significantly. They have received worldwide adoption some time ago, and are becoming more and more popular among Russian companies. The purpose of the article is to reveal how comprehensive the lean conceptions adoption potential is realizing on Russian ground, what are possibilities of effective use them under volatile environment, and how thoroughly the issue is reflected in business and scientific literature.