Suchergebnisse

Pogajanja so v življenju ljudi prisotna vsakodnevno, saj med seboj neprestano komuniciramo in izmenjujemo informacije. V sam proces pogajanj sta vključena vsaj dva udeleženca, ki lahko imata povsem različne ali pa skupne interese. Namen pogajanj je usklajevanje interesov za doseganje končnega sporazuma, ki naj bi bil koristen za obe strani. V svojem delu sem se osredotočila predvsem na medkulturna poslovna pogajanja, natančneje na poslovna pogajanja z ruskimi partnerji. V prvem delu naloge sem opredelila teoretični koncept pogajanj, nadaljevala z opredelitvijo poslovnih pogajanj na medkulturni ravni in se nato še natančneje osredotočila na specifični ruski pogajalski slog. Pri pogajanjih s tujimi poslovnimi partnerji velja biti pozoren na številne dejavnike, ki vplivajo na sam izid pogajanj. Potrebno je dobro poznavanje kulture države iz katere prihaja partner, prav tako je zelo priporočljivo vsaj temeljno poznavanje njihov običajev in jezika. V raziskovalnem delu naloge sem povzela izkušnje zaposlenih v izbranem podjetju, ki so se v preteklosti že pogajali z ruskimi poslovnimi partnerji. Za pridobivanje potrebnih informacij sem z zaposlenimi izvedla globinski intervju, ki bo obsegal 15 vprašanj. Na podlagi pridobljenih informacij sem oblikovala smernice za vse poslovneže, ki sodelujejo ali imajo v prihodnosti namen sodelovati z ruskimi poslovnimi partnerji. V sklepnem delu naloge sem povzela glavne ugotovitve in ugotovila, da k uspešnim pogajanjem z ruskimi poslovnimi partnerji v največji meri pripomore dobro poznavanje ruske kulture in njihovih običajev ter vzpostavitev pristnih odnosov, ki temeljijo na osebnem poznanstvu. Prav tako sem ugotovila, da se ruski pogajalski slog močno razlikuje od evropskega. ; Negotiations are present in people's lives every day as each other constantly communicate and exchange information. Negotiation is a process, which includes at least two parties, which may have a completely different or common interests. The purpose of negotiating is to coordinate the interests of achieving a final agreement, which should be beneficial for both sides. In the theoretical part I mainly focused on cross-cultural business negotiations, specifically on business negotiations with Russian partners. In the first part I defined the theoretical concept of negotiations continued with the definition of business negotiations on an intercultural level and then more specifically focused on specific Russian negotiating style. When negotiating with foreign business partners we have to pay attention to a number of factors that affect the outcome of the negotiations. It is very necessary to have a good knowledge about the culture of the country where the business partner comes from and it is also strongly recommended to have a basic knowledge of their customs and language. In the research part of the thesis I summarized the experience of employees in selected company, which negotiated with Russian business partners in the past. In order to get the necessary information from the employees I conducted in-depth interview, which consist of 15 questions. On the base of provided information I made guidance for all businessmen who are or are attempted to collaborate with Russian business partners in future. In the final part of the thesis I summarized the main findings and came to the conclusion that if yu want to be successful in negotiations with Russian business partners, you must have a good knowledge about Russian culture and their traditions. I also found that the Russian negotiating style very different from the European.

The article describes the methods of management of civic identity formation in Russia and China during the period of transformation processes, which have affected both countries in the end of XX – beginning of XXI centuries. The author identifies three distinct periods of civic identity formation of modern Russians and concludes, that the nature of civic identity strategy had rather chaotic and spontaneous nature. At the same time, China has also faced the need to reform economic and social systems, but has chosen the evolutionary path with a well-planned strategy of civic identity formation management.

In July 1918, one of the first military formations of the Whites, the Komuch People's Army, as well as Czechoslovak volunteers who joined them, occupied the Middle Volga city of Simbirsk with battles, practically marking the beginning of a full-scale civil war in Soviet Russia. Later, power in the city was transferred to the Committee of Members of the All-Russian Constituent Assembly (Komuch), which began to restore pre-revolutionary governing bodies in it. One of the politicalforces that appeared in the summer of 1918 in Simbirsk was the Union of the Revival of Russia. The article discusses the ideological and political platform of this organization, the positions of the leaders of the "Union", the results of participation in the elections to the City Duma of Simbirsk.

Post-Soviet Russia was a nation gripped by uncertainty, as profound political, economic, and social changes ensued. One such change was a dramatic increase in the instances of mothers who conceived out of wedlock. Research conducted in the late 1990's showed that this jump in birth rates to unwed mothers was largely comprised of undereducated, impoverished, and often teenage women who were fully reliant on family members. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, a strained and unpleasant image of motherhood began to surface in Russia's great literary tradition, which was in stark contrast to male-authored depictions of motherhood in years prior. I argue that in observation of the disparity between the male-authored portrayal of Russian motherhood and reality, the theme of the bad mother emerges in the works of female writers. This paper focuses specifically on one text: Ludmilla Petrushevskaya's The Time: Night which I propose is a plausible microcosm of reality.The novella tells the story of one family through the delusional prose of elderly Anna Andrianovna: struggling poet, single mother, and grandmother. In my analysis of The Time: Night I examine the relationships that Anna maintains with each of her family members, and show that each of them is wrought with realistically gendered problems that manifest themselves in an endless cycle of chaos and despair. I show that Petrushevskaya is using the theme of the ultimate unfit mother in this fictional tale to comment on both patriarchal constructions of motherhood, and on the idea that woman must be synonymous with dutiful wife and loving mother. I argue that Petrushevskaya conveys that reality can vary greatly from this idea, as the experience of many mothers in contemporary Russia was instead marked by poverty and discrimination.

The dispute over the sovereignty of the Southern Kuriles as known to the Russians and Northern Territories as termed by the Japanese has been the main hurdle in the full blown development of relations between the two countries. The settlement of the territorial dispute is linked to the signing of the peace treaty between the two. The geo-strategic/political developments in the Asia Pacific region in the recent years have impacted the negotiations on the disputed territories. The Russian President Medvedev's visit to the Kunashiri Island on 1 November 2010 and the following military build-up by Russia on these territories have changed the security scenario of North-east Asia. The Russian stance on the issue has hardened which is attributed to its resurgence and assertiveness in Asia and elsewhere consequent to the flush of revenue from oil and natural gas exports. Russians do not seem to be in a mood to even negotiate on the two small islands of Shikotan and Habomai, while the Japanese position has been changing over the years and now they are insisting on the return of all the four islands. However, the trade and investment relations between the two are steadily growing as the Japanese need Russian oil and natural gas and the Russians are keen for Japanese investment and technology. The Russians in the meantime have developed strong economic ties with China and South Korea which indirectly has a bearing on the state of relations between Russia and Japan. A compromise between the two can be of immense benefit to both the countries. The development of the relations to its full potential would be possible only after the resolution of the territorial dispute.

"A ravaged century": did the Russian Revolution define the 1900s? / Marek Kornat -- Violence in the Russian Revolution and Civil War, 1914-2: a survey of recent historiography / Steve S. Smith -- From Utopia to a lawless state: Russian Marxism and Russian revolutions as a totalitarian project / Adam Bosiacki -- Loci of political power: the 1917 Russian Revolution from regional perspectives / Sarah Badcock -- The Karaim: political and social activities during the Russian Revolution and civil war / Petr Kaleta -- The 1917 Russian Revolution and Belarusian national movement / Alaksandar Smalianczuk -- Great Britain and the 1917 Revolution in Ukraine / Jan Jacek Bruski -- "Finexit": the Russian Revolution and Finnish Independence / Kari Alenius -- Rebellion: social conflict in Central and Eastern Europe in 1917-1920 / Wlodzimierz Borodziej, Maciej Górny -- Poland and the influence of the revolution on the French and Western political and military circles (1917-1921) / Frederic Dessberg -- The consequences of the Russian Revolution on the Polish question from the Western point of view / Isabelle Davion -- Austria-Hungary and the Russian Revolution / Lothar Höbelt -- Great Britain and the Russian Revolution of 1917 / Jewgienij Siergiejew -- Idle memory? the 1917 anniversary in Russia / Boris Kolonicki, Maria Mackiewicz -- A quiet jubilee: practices of the political commemoration of the centenary of the 1917 Revolution(s) in Russia / Olga Malinowa -- (R)evolutionary memory in Tambov (1991-2017) / Bartlomiej Gajos.

The article presents the political, economic, cultural, educational aspects of teaching the Chinese language in Russia. Indicates the sources of introducing the Chinese language into Russian everyday life, describes the causes and difficulties encountered in teaching the Chinese language, the issues (difficulties) that Russian citizens face when studying the Chinese language are examined. You are paid attention to the design of existing textbooks and methodological developments aimed at studying the Chinese language in the Russian state. The main areas of state policy that contribute to the expansion of the teaching of the Chinese language in Russia are highlighted. ; Представлены политический, экономический, культурный и образовательный аспекты преподавания китайского языка в России. Указаны основания и источники внедрения языка Поднебесной в российское современное общество, описаны причины и возникающие сложности при преподавании китайского языка, рассмотрены вопросы (трудности), с которыми сталкиваются российские граждане при его изучении. Уделено внимание структуре существующих учебников и методических разработок, предназначенных для изучения китайского языка носителями русского языка. Выделены основные направления государственной политики, ориентированные на развитие преподавания китайского языка в России.

'In den letzten Jahren haben sich die Beziehungen zwischen dem Zentrum und den Regionen in der Russischen Föderation grundlegend verändert. Die Regionen spielen eine immer größere Rolle im ökonomischen und politischen Leben des Landes. Dennoch werden sie in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur unterschiedlich behandelt, was insbesondere für die Fernöstliche Region zutrifft. Der entfernungsbedingte Mangel an Informationen führt zu vielen falschen Meinungen über ihren inneren Zustand. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird die Entwicklung der Regionen des russischen Fernen Ostens, eines sowohl seiner geographischen Lage als auch seinem Ressourcenpotential nach einzigartigen Territoriums, analysiert. Auch die im Vergleich zur UdSSR veränderte Rolle der Region innerhalb Rußlands, die Besonderheiten bei der Durchführung der Wirtschaftsreform, die Spezifik der politischen Situation sowie die Beziehungen zur förderalen Macht sollen untersucht werden. Als Quellen wurden Materialien der Fernöstlichen Abteilung der Russischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Chabarowsk, des Instituts für volkswirtschaftliche Prognostizierung, Moskau, des Rats für die Standortverteilung der Produktivkräfte und ökonomische Zusammenarbeit, Moskau, und des Analytischen Zentrums beim Präsidenten, Fachrichtung Regionalistik, benutzt. Des weiteren wurden Gespräche und Interviews mit Vertretern der fernöstlichen Regionen in Moskau und mit Duma-Abgeordneten dieser Regionen in die Untersuchung einbezogen.' (Autorenreferat)

For the first time in historiography generalized information based on the analysis of published literature is presented on the joint military operations of the partisan formations of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine on the communications of German troops around the Gomel transport hub during the period of heavy defensive battles of the Red Army on the southern flank of the Soviet-German front. The most important joint military partizan operations of neighboring Soviet republics on the rail way, highways and dirt roads are mentioned. The periods of high activity of partisans fighting on the transport com- munications of the Gomel region in the spring – autumn 1942 are identified and marked. The forms of the help a large land of partizan in expanding sabotage on enemy targets in the occupied territory of Belarusian Polesieare shown. The role of special forces sent to the region from the Soviet rear, to intensify the activities of the local partisans is outlined. As a result of analysis of the sources new information is included about the interaction of partizan groups and groups of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine by applying blows to the German troop train with human resources, military equipment, fuel, food. The draw conclusions show the results of the activities of partisans in the spring – autumn 1942, it is stated that the people's avengers provided real help to the Red Army troops who were engaged in heavy defensive battles against the Nazi invaders in the area of the Volga.

The report attempts to incorporate Denis Diderot's relationship with Alexei Naryshkin (1742-1800) into the real context of the specific circumstances of the life of this character and his family, as well as to compare their views on the civilisation of Russia. Comparing the views of Diderot and Naryshkin expressed in completely different in time writing, form and purpose of works, the author does not seek to trace the filiation of their ideas; it seems more important to him to establish common subjects of their reasoning, so that he can then understand what unites them and what distinguishes them from each other. Among such common subjects are their ideas about the role of the Commission of Catherine II, the image of Moscow (Diderot — in comparison with the image of Petersburg), the interest of both authors in history, the thesis about the "rotating" West and "healthy" Russia, the recognition of the need for the development of any society on its own basis. ; Der Aufsatz verfolgt das Ziel, das Verhältnis Denis Diderots zu Aleksej Vasil'jevič Naryškin (1742-1800) in den Kontext der Lebensumstände bzw. der Familie des letztgenannten einzubetten und darüber hinaus die Ansichten der beiden in bezug auf die russische Zivilisation zu vergleichen. Folglich beansprucht der Verfasser nicht, den Ursprung der Ideen nachzuvollziehen, wie sie in den je nach Zeit der Niederschrift, Form und Zielsetzung unterschiedlichen Schriften zum Ausdruck kommen. Vielmehr ist er darum bemüht, gemeinsame Themen ihrer Reflexion aufzuspüren, um besser zu verstehen, welche Auffassungen Diderot und Naryškin teilten bzw. in welchen Punkten sie voneinander abwichen. Dazu gehören etwa die Ansichten der beiden Autoren zur Rolle der von Katharina II. einberufenen Gesetzgebenden Kommission, ihr Bild von Moskau (Diderot vergleicht beispielsweise die Stadt mit Sankt Petersburg), ihr Interesse an der Geschichte, die These von dem "verfaulenden" Westen bzw. der "moralischen Integrität" Russlands und schließlich die Idee, dass sich jede Gesellschaft auf ...

Since the declarations of independence more than 20 years ago, besides others, the Baltic states are being pursued by energy dependency issues. Differently than was wishfully expected, accession to the EU and NATO for Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania did not mean suddenly improved relations with Russia, overcome domestic political weaknesses as well as fast solutions in the energy security sector. They still cause a notable predicament after accession to the EU and NATO. In the recent years, an especial focus on the energy sector could be observed in the Baltic states - energy security has become one of the main concerns for politicians and attracts a lot of attention in the Baltic media and public debates. However, when looking from the academic perspective and analysis, these issues seem not to have found their place among more serious and consistent scholarly interests, creating a strange paradoxical situation when constant daily topicalities in the media and political life were left behind a deeper academic analysis. Adapted from the source document.

Prevalence data of respiratory diseases (RDs) in Central Asia (CA) and Russia are contrasting. To inform future research needs and assist government and clinical policy on RDs, an up-to-date overview is required. We aimed to review the prevalence and economic burden of RDs in CA and Russia. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for studies that reported prevalence and/or economic burden of RDs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, interstitial lung diseases (ILD), lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, and tuberculosis (TB)) in CA (Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan) and Russia. A total of 25 articles (RD prevalence: 18; economics: 7) were included. The majority (n = 12), mostly from Russia, reported on TB. TB prevalence declined over the last 20 years, to less than 100 per 100,000 across Russia and CA, yet in those, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was alarming high (newly treated: 19–26%, previously treated: 60–70%). COPD, asthma (2–15%) and ILD (0.006%) prevalence was only reported for Russia and Kazakhstan. No studies on cystic fibrosis, lung cancer and pulmonary hypertension were found. TB costs varied between US$400 (Tajikistan) and US$900 (Russia) for drug-susceptible TB to ≥US$10,000 for MDR-TB (Russia). Non-TB data were scarce and inconsistent. Especially in CA, more research into the prevalence and burden of RDs is needed.