Suchergebnisse

Gypsy crime is an integral part of crime in general. Analysis of the literature indicates that this topic is extremely poorly studied in Russia. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize illegal acts in which representatives of the Roma population of Russia are traditionally involved. The research is based on a wide range of historical and legal sources, many of which have been identified by the authors and are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

Land relations are traditionally considered one of the most significant and complex in the legal system of the state. They also hold a special place in the history of the Russian state. In modern Russia, the agrarian question is connected with the fate of not only 40 million people working in agriculture, but also 44 million citizens who are somehow involved in the sphere of land relations, as well as the entire political and economic situation in the country. Despite a significant number of attempts to reform land relations, Russia is still one of the countries where the agricultural sector has not been properly reformed. This is manifested, first of all, in the backwardness of agricultural production, food dependence on other States, the lack of means of mechanization, communication, transport, and other negative factors. All this leads to the conclusion that the land problem in Russia has not yet been solved. In this situation, it is important to understand the centuries-old experience of the past, the entire complex and contradictory complex of both objective foundations for the functioning of land relations and the specific conditions for their development in the reformed economy of Russia. At the same time, the reform of land relations is largely influenced by the historical process of their formation, development, features of the state structure and management, as well as national and cultural traditions.

The article analyzes approaches of France's leading left forces towards Russia (USSR) from beginning of the 20th century to the present. At beginning of the twentieth century, almost all parts of the French left expressed hatred of the Russian monarchy and, at the same time, solidarity with the struggle of democratic and socialist forces in Russia for freedom and a republic. The question of the attitude to Soviet Russia played a central role in the historic split of the SFIO in 1920 and in the future for decades to come; "the Soviet question" was the line of the watershed between the two leading French left-wing parties, SFIO (SP) and FCP. If the communists from the very creation of the Party took a position of total solidarity with Soviet internal and foreign policy, the socialists, speaking for the development of equal and friendly relations with the Soviet Union, criticized domestic political realities of the Soviet Union and Moscow's foreign policy. The collapse of the USSR led to serious changes in the perception of Russia in French leftist circles of France. The French left was characterized by an ambiguous attitude towards Boris Yeltsin's policies. As before, the French left is expressing its sympathy for the Russian people. However, in general, most of the French left movement at present negatively evaluates the socio-economic and domestic political evolution of Russia, as well as Moscow's foreign policy in the first two decades of the 21st century. First, this applies to positions of the socialists and the Greens. The Communist Party opposes the dignity to the insulating pressure on Moscow. For their part, politicians and power related to left populist and left patriotic direction see Russia as a strategic ally in the struggle for more equitable international relations.

In the present article author analyzes theoretical and practical questions of the role and place of Internet in modern Russia. Author also presents a short history of the Internet development in Russia and states reasons for non-existence of the Internet in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its development in the end of the Soviet Union history and start of the modern Russian country history. Author discuses question of Internet use in modern Russia and reasons for the widespread of information technologies and especially Internet, analize questions of the information security in the condition of globalization and spread of information technologies. During the discussion authors use statistical data and present opinions of different specialists. In the conclusion author points out that in the modern world information technology may be dangerous, and not only may it be dangerous for individuals but it may pose threat directly to government and society in general, appropriate legal regulation and law-enforcement is required. © 2015, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved.

Starting in May 2010 new Russian legislation and other events have raised expectations of an accelerated adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) starting January 2012. These events are examined in the context of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and IFRS, the importance of adopting IFRS for Russia, relevant Russian cultural and geopolitical issues surrounding adoption, and the status of existing Russian Accounting Standards. The need for establishing support mechanisms, specifically, effective local standards setting bodies and a supportive institutional infrastructure is examined. Examples of strong standards setting bodies outside Russia in countries that have recently adopted IFRS are compared to standards setting bodies in Russia. The European Financial Reporting and Accounting Group (EFRAG), the European Commissions advisory group on IFRS, is considered as a potential support model and likely Russian counterparts are identified. Key success factors for Russia in successfully adopting IFRS are discussed.

The article considers the history of Buddhism in Central Asia and in Russia. It outlines the main periods of development and special features of Buddhism in the region, its influence on the local culture. It explorers the contemporary state of the Buddhist sangha in Russia and Central Asian countries.Central Asia has played an important role in the development of Buddhism as a world religion. In I-III centuries A.D. missionaries from Central Asia carried out the sermon of the Buddhist teachings. The archeological findings illustrate the massive spread of Buddhism on the wide territories of the region which were part of the Kushan Kingdom. The second period of the flourishing of Buddhist teaching falls on the V – first part of the VIII centuries, when the geography on Buddhism in the region expanded, and it peacefully co-existed with other religions.By IX century, when the territories of the contemporary Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tadjikistan stayed under the rule of Umayyad and Abbaside Caliphate, Islam eventually ousted Buddhism from these lands.The third period of rise of Buddhism in the region started with the appearance of Dzungars who aspired to take hold of the lands of Kazahstan. From 1690 to 1760 Central Asian region had become an area of struggle for the hegemony between the Buddhist Dzungarian khanate and China. The Dzungars promoted the spread of Buddhism in the Eastern part of Kazahstan and Northern part of Eastern Turkestan. The entry of Western Turkestan into the Russian Empire put an end to external threats and internal feudal strife. It gave the start to the process of consolidation of the Central Asian nations, which recognized their belonging to Muslim Ummah. In the absence of Dzungar and Chinese factors the influence of Buddhism in the region almost stopped.By the end of the XX century with the renaissance of religiosity on the post-Soviet space the interest to Buddhism slightly raised. However, at the present moment the number of the Buddhists in the region is insignificant. Among the followers of Buddhism the main place is taken by the Korean diaspora, residing in Central Asia since 1937. There also exist some single neo-Buddhist communities in the region.Buddhism made its contribution to the development of the unique socio-cultural identity of Russia as Eurasian by it's nature. Buryatia, Kalmykia, Tuva, as well as several parts of Altai, Irkutsk and Chita regions represent historical areas of the spread of Buddhist teaching. At the present moment the Russian Buddhist sangha contains of the major independent centers in Buryatia, Kalmykia, Tuva, Moscow and St.Petersburg.Buddhism plays and important part in socio-cultural space of Russia, gradually moving far beyond the borders of the regions of its traditional location. Popularity of the Buddhist philosophy derives from the range of grounds, among which are the closeness of some of its principles to contemporary scientific ideas, first of all to cognitive sciences, as well as openness to dialogue with other cultural and religious traditions, humanism, ethics of non-violence and ideas of common responsibility.

Social sciences largely reflect how one's own society and the world are perceived. The article discusses the development of social sciences in the USSR, and then in Russia, focusing on four disciplines: political science, sociology, international relations, and psychology. The article shows that in the USSR, the theory of activity was developed in the field of psychology on the basis of Marxism and has gained recognition around the world. In the field of international relations in the USSR, the thesis was put forward about the peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems; today, with proper development, this thesis could be productive for understanding the coexistence in the modern world of various civilizations. The article also shows that after 1991, a significant breakthrough was made in terms of the institutionalization of the social sciences. From the subject point of view, social sciences now are not much different from those in other countries. In political science, international relations, and, partly, in sociology, there is an intensive discussion about whether Russia should integrate into global science or build its own social sciences.

Examines the impact on the Russian economy between 1992 and 1998 of the macro-economic prescriptions arising from the Washington Consensus. After recalling the origin of those prescriptions and showing that they never truly constituted a consensus, owing to the criticisms both internal and external to which they gave rise, shows that their application in Russia has resulted in new criticisms. Argues that the demonetarisation of the Russian economy, and the extent and duration of the depression, are for the most part the result of the implementation of economic policies directly inspired and influenced by the Washington Consensus. (Original abstract - amended)

This document examines the impact on the Russian economy between 1992 & 1998 of the macroeconomic prescriptions arising from the Washington Consensus. After recalling the origin of those prescriptions & showing that they never truly constituted a consensus, owing to the criticisms both internal & external to which they gave rise, the author shows that their application in Russia has resulted in new & scathing criticisms. The obsession with fighting inflation & the neglect of the microeconomic & institutional bases of any realistic macroeconomy has led to an economic disaster. The demonetarization of the Russian economy, & the extent & duration of the depression are, for the most part, the result of the implementation of economic policies directly inspired & influenced by the Washington Consensus. The existence of internal theoretical inconsistencies within the standard macroeconomic philosophy also explains the inability to correct the prescriptions once their negative effects have been discovered. 2 Tables, 6 Figures, 33 References. Adapted from the source document.

Surveying the Ukrainian-EU relationship in light of the legacies of Russian rule following the declaration of Ukrainian independence, this text examines interrelationships between identities, loyalties and political/ cultural orientations, reviews policies, and identifies salient forces and trends

This document examines the impact on the Russian economy between 1992 and 1998 of the macro‐economic prescriptions arising from the "Washington Consensus". After recalling the origin of those prescriptions and showing that they never truly constituted a consensus, owing to the criticisms both internal and external to which they gave rise, the author shows that their application in Russia has resulted in new and scathing criticisms. The obsession with fighting inflation and the neglect of the micro‐economic and institutional bases of any realistic macro‐economy has led to an economic disaster. The demonetarisation of the Russian economy, and the extent and duration of the depression, are for the most part the result of the implementation of economic policies directly inspired and influenced by the "Washington Consensus". The existence of internal theoretical inconsistencieswithin the standard macro‐economic philosophy also explains the inability to correct the prescriptions once their negative effects have been discovered.