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1 34 21 ; SWORD ; CEDEX. Anuario de aforos: http://ceh-flumen64.cedex.es/anuarioaforos/afo/estaf-datos_descarga.asp?indroea=1359 ; [EN] Renewable energy sources have reported an unprecedented increase of global installed renewable power capacity. Against the advantages provided by this renewable power generation technology it should be taken into account an important issue: these intermittent energy sources supply a fluctuating output which is difficult to manage. Pumped-storage hydro power plants reappear in these circumstances as an efficient form of energy storage which allows to use reserves when necessary, enabling power generation output to cover continuously this energy demand. The present paper shows a simplified feasibility study of the partial conversion of hydropower plant La Barca, in Asturias, into a reversible storage through the development of an algorithm to simulate its operation according to electricity market prices. For this purpose, the operation in the deviation management market is considered and the technical modifications required for the conversion are shown. The estimation of costs and incomes present a feasible scenario Braun, S., Hoffmann, R. 2016. Intraday Optimization of Pumped Hydro Power Plants in the German Electricity Market. Energy Procedia, 87, 45-52. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.356 Chitphairot, K., Nuchprayoon, S. 2013. Optimal Generation Scheduling of Hydropower Plant with Pumped Storage Unit. Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013). Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy. 3(11), 204-210. Deane, J.P., Ó Gallachóir, B.P., McKeogh, E.J. 2009. Techno-economic review of existing and new pumped hydro energy storage plant. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 14(4), 1293-1302. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.015 Godina, R., Rodrigues, E.M.G., Matias, J.C.O., Catalão, J.P.S. 2015. Sustainable Energy System of El Hierro Island. International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ'15). Renewable ...

The Confederate Graves Surv1ey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Florence Cemetery #103, Florence, Williamson County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Thompson, D. D. ; S. Belton Cemetery #2, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Shelton, Horation. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #6, Temple, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Orgain, John Henry. ; Live Oak Cemetery #674, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Ray, Joel. ; Live Oak Cemetery #979, Concho County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Allsups, Joseph. ; Fairmont Cemetery #893, San Angelo, Tom Green County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Mays, Milton. ; Fairmont Cemetery #893, San Angelo, Tom Green County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Merchant, S. W. ; Union Cemetery #151, Commanche County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Barker, J. C. ; Childress Cemetery #219, Childress, Childress County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Egerton, Thos. M. ; Llano Cemetery #189, Amarillo, Randall County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Deason, Daniel. ; Florecne Cemetery #103, Florence, Williamson County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Reynolds, A. J. ; Copperas Cove #140, Copperas Cove, Coryell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Hudson, James J. ; King Cemetery #685, Coryell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Box, Robert D.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Hill-Midway Cemetery #60, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Breedlove, J. W. R. ; Dickens Cemetery #340, Dickens, Dickens County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Holley, Richard S. ; Goree Cemetery #613, Goree, Knox County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Porter, Raymond S. ; Llano Cemetery #189, Amarillo, Randall County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Kersey, Jefferson. ; Pendleton Cemetery #678, Pendleton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Morgan, Steve. ; Mobeetie Cemetery #204, Mobeetie, Wheeler County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Phillips, Moses Sterling. ; Lubbock Cemetery #370, Lubbock, Lubbock County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Tubbs, William. ; McConn Cemetery #56, Milam County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Pool, James W. ; Unlisted Cemetery #1043, Van Zandt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Cartwright, David. ; Campground Cemetery #749, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Anthony, Wm. ; Campground Cemetery #749, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Campbell, J. C. ; Oak Hill Cemetery #284, Lampasas, Lampasas County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Lewis, Harry Green. ; Hogeye Cemetery #759, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Fritz, Wm. Henry. ; Banister Cemetery #622, Foard County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Doolen, James Madison. ; Flomot Cemetery #336, Flomot, Motley County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Cleudennen, James Edw.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; Dulaney Cemetery #757, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Pugh, Allen H. ; Pleasant Hill Cemetery #5, Nolanville, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Parker, S. C. ; Abilene City Cemetery #138, Abilene, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Coker, William Smith. ; Crowell Cemetery #620, Crowell, Foard County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Teague, John. ; Pleasant Hill Cemetery #5, Nolanville, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interrred: Evans, James Whaley. ; Ft. Chadbourne Cemetery #62, Coke County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Russell, John. ; Moffett Cemetery #27, Moffett, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: McLaughlin, Thomas J. ; Glen Cove Cemetery #1028, Glen Cove, Coleman County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Loflin, V. R. ; East Mt. Cemetery #572, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: James, Thos. A. ; Donelton Cemetery #575, Hunt County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Couch, Elisha Peter. ; Weinert Cemetery #597, Weinert, Haskell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Stockton, John H. ; S. Belton Cemetery #2, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Robinson, N. B. ; Highland Cemetery #154, Stamford, Haskell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Gaines, W. Conner.

The Confederate Graves Survey Archive of the Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans consists of surveys of cemeteries throughout Texas, and portions of Oklahoma and New Mexico. The surveys document the interment of Confederate States of America military veterans. United States of America (Union) veterans, as well as able-bodied men at the time of the Civil War, are also documented. 13 boxes entitled "Grave Surveys" contain grave surveys listed county-by-county, 3 boxes of "Unit Files" list surveyed individuals by their military unit. Finally, 17 boxes contain "Veteran Files" that document each veteran by name in "last name, first name, middle initial" format. An index that cross-references each of the collection series (Grave Surveys, Unit Files, and Veteran Files) is included, as are institutions to surveyors on how and what to document while conducting surveys. ; N. Belton Cemetery #1, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Holtzclaw, Henry. ; N. Belton Cemetery #1, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Long, William T. ; Reeds Lake Cemetery #12, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Russell, James Levi. ; Rose Hill Cemetery #165, Merkel, Taylor County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Cox, Allen Reed. ; Plainview Cemetery #317, Plainview, Hale County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Pearson, Houston S. ; Hillcrest Cemetery #6, Temple, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Sutton, Thos. ; N. Belton Cemetery #1, Belton, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Hair, David Furman. ; Herrington Cemetery #131, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Kidd, James Brown. ; Lubbock Cemetery #370, Lubbock, Lubbock County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Moore, Charles Bernard. ; Snyder Cemetery #293, Snyder, Scurry County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Leach, Ladson. ; Pleasant Hill Cemetery #5, Nolanville, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Parker, S. C. ; Greathouse Cemetery #7, Bell County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Hester, J. W. ; Plainview Cemetery #317, Plainview, Hale County, Texas | Veterans Interred: Dyer, E. W.

Electronic memories are ubiquitous components in electronic systems: they are used to store data, and can be found in all manner of industrial, automotive, aerospace, telecommunication and entertainment systems. Memory technology has seen a constant evolution since the first practical dynamic Random-Access Memories (dynamic RAMs) were created in the late 60's. The demand for ever-increasing performance and capacity and decrease in power consumption was met thanks to a steady miniaturization of the component features: modern memory devices include elements barely a few tens of atomic layers thick and a few hundred of atomic layers wide.The side effect of this constant device miniaturization was an increase in the sensitivity of devices to radiation. Since the first radiation-induced single-event effects (SEEs) were identified in satellites in the late 70's and particle-induced memory upsets were replicated in laboratory tests, radiation hardness has been a concern for computer memory manufacturers and for systems designers as well. In the early days, the need for data storage in radiation-rich environments, e.g. nuclear facilities, particle accelerators and space, primarily for military use, created a market for radiation-hardened memory components, capable of withstanding the effects of radiation. This market dwindled with the end of the Cold War and the loss of government interest, and in a matter of years, the shortage of available radiation-hard components led system designers to turn to so-called Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components.Since COTS devices are not designed with radiation hardness in mind, each COTS component must be assessed before it can be included in a system where reliability is important – a process known as Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA). This has led to the emergence of radiation testing as a standard practice in the industry (and in the space industry in particular). Irradiation tests with particle accelerators and radioactive sources are performed to estimate a component's ...

Electronic memories are ubiquitous components in electronic systems: they are used to store data, and can be found in all manner of industrial, automotive, aerospace, telecommunication and entertainment systems. Memory technology has seen a constant evolution since the first practical dynamic Random-Access Memories (dynamic RAMs) were created in the late 60's. The demand for ever-increasing performance and capacity and decrease in power consumption was met thanks to a steady miniaturization of the component features: modern memory devices include elements barely a few tens of atomic layers thick and a few hundred of atomic layers wide.The side effect of this constant device miniaturization was an increase in the sensitivity of devices to radiation. Since the first radiation-induced single-event effects (SEEs) were identified in satellites in the late 70's and particle-induced memory upsets were replicated in laboratory tests, radiation hardness has been a concern for computer memory manufacturers and for systems designers as well. In the early days, the need for data storage in radiation-rich environments, e.g. nuclear facilities, particle accelerators and space, primarily for military use, created a market for radiation-hardened memory components, capable of withstanding the effects of radiation. This market dwindled with the end of the Cold War and the loss of government interest, and in a matter of years, the shortage of available radiation-hard components led system designers to turn to so-called Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components.Since COTS devices are not designed with radiation hardness in mind, each COTS component must be assessed before it can be included in a system where reliability is important – a process known as Radiation Hardness Assurance (RHA). This has led to the emergence of radiation testing as a standard practice in the industry (and in the space industry in particular). Irradiation tests with particle accelerators and radioactive sources are performed to estimate a component's ...

Given the rise of the Holocaust representations in film, literature and visual arts, the question is no longer whether to represent the Holocaust, but rather how to represent it. In that regard, Art Spiegelman's depiction of the Holocaust in a graphic narrative is often cited as particularly interesting and groundbreaking work. The aim of this thesis was to analyze the representation of the Holocaust and the memory process in Art Spiegelman's graphic novel Maus, drawing mainly on Giorgio Agamben's and Michel Foucault's understanding of biopolitics, and Marianne Hirsch's concept of post-memory. The analysis revealed that through the employment of different narrative strategies, notably anthropomorphism, Maus explicitly deals with the themes of governmentality and devaluation of biological life, while simultaneously raising questions about the ethical implications of the representation of the Holocaust and personal history. Moreover, the use of the comic medium allowed the author to problematize the construction of memory by illustrating both the survivor's experience and the very process of recording that memory. ; S obzirom na učestalost prikazivanja holokausta u filmu, književnosti i vizualnoj kulturi, pitanje više nije usmjereno k tome možemo li prikazati holokaust, već na koji način. S tim u vezi, Art Spiegelmenov prikaz holokausta u grafičkom romanu često se navodi kao iznimno zanimljivo i revolucionarno djelo. Cilj ovog rada bio je analizirati prikaz holokausta i procesa pamćenja u grafičkom romanu Art Spiegelmana Maus oslanjajući se prvenstveno na tumačenje biopolitike kod Giorgia Agambena i Michela Foucaulta te primjenjući koncept post memorije Marianne Hirsch. Analizom se pokazalo kako je Maus, uz pomoć različitih narativnih strategija, naročito antropomorfizma, tekst koji se eksplicitno bavi temama vladanja i devaluacije biološkog života, istodobno postavljajući pitanja o etičkim implikacijama prikazivanja holokausta i osobne povijesti. Štoviše, upotreba grafičkog medija omogućila je autoru da nadalje ...

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) for the EU territory. SDV is a well-known pathogen and the type species of the genus Sadwavirus in the family Secoviridae. SDV is now considered to include several other formerly distinct viruses which are therefore also covered in the present opinion. Citrus species and their relatives represent the main hosts of SDV and efficient diagnostic techniques are available. SDV is listed on some of its known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. It is transmitted by vegetative propagation of infected hosts and presumably through the soil, but the precise mechanism or vector(s) are still unknown. SDV is present in Asia and is not known to occur in the EU. Therefore, it does not meet this criterion to qualify as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest (RNPQ). Plants for planting represent the main pathway for the entry, but this pathway is closed by existing legislation for the main hosts (Citrus, Fortunella and Poncirus). SDV is, however, able to enter the EU on plants for plants of its unregulated rutaceous or non-rutaceous hosts. Should it be introduced, SDV has the potential to establish and subsequently spread with plants for planting and, possibly, through its poorly characterised natural spread mechanism(s). SDV is able to cause severe symptoms, quality and yield losses on a range of citrus crops. Overall, SDV meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as a Union quarantine pest. The main knowledge gaps and uncertainties concern (1) the potential significance of the unregulated rutaceous and non-rutaceous hosts for virus dissemination and epidemiology, (2) the origin and trade volume of the plants for planting of these host imported in the EU and (3)the efficiency of natural spread of SDV under EU conditions.

Krajem prošlog stoljeća je došlo do značajnih promjena u komunističkoj Europi. Mijenjali su se cjelokupni sustavi vrijednosti. Te promjene nisu zaobišle ni visoko obrazovanje. Nakon mnogo godina uvriježene ideje o besplatnom školovanju došlo je do uvođenja prvih školarina i s njima ostalih stavki karakterističnih za moderne sustave visokog obrazovanja. Istražuje se kako su tranzitna društva snašla u prihvaćanju liberalnijeg visokog obrazovanja. Analiza kreće teorijskim dijelom u kojem se prikazuju radovi i zaključci drugih radova na istu i sličnu temu. Teorijski dio također sadrži analizu sustava visokih obrazovanja komunističkih odnosno postkomunističkih društava. Naglasak analize je stavljen na prikaz školarina i javnih potpora u navedenim državama. Za kraj teorija daje pogled ekonomske teorije na problem istraživanja. Drugi empirijski dio, temeljem regresijske analize ustvrđuje je li prisutan negativan utjecaj neto troškova na potražnju za visokim obrazovanjem. Za neto troškove se koriste varijable školarina, javnih potpora i oportunitetnih troškova studiranja. Na temelju uzorka od 14 država u 2013. godini djelomično se prihvaća hipoteza o isključivom negativnom utjecaju neto troškova na zavisnu varijablu. Navedeno je posljedica pozitivnog predznaka školarina koje mogu imati dvosmjeran efekt na zavisnu varijablu, neznačajnosti oportunitetnog troška mjerenog općom stopom nezaposlenosti te očekivanog pozitivnog utjecaja javnih potpora na zavisnu varijablu, mjerenu relativnim brojem upisanih studenata. ; At the end of the last century there were significant changes in communist Europe. The whole system of values has changed. These changes are not by-passed by higher education either. After many years of entertaining ideas about free schooling, the introduction of the first tuition fees and other items characteristic for modern higher education systems were introduced. Iti s being studied how transitional societies accepted a more liberal higher education. The analysis starts with theoretical part in which the ...

Kao rezultat izbora 2005. Pravo i pravda (PIS) postaje dominantna stranka u poljskom parlamentu s dominantnom braćom Kaczyński na čelu. Od 2007. do 2015. je oporbena politička sila, a onda 2015. uvjerljivom većinom i u donjem i u gornjem domu parlamenta opet dolazi na vlast. PiS je radikalna stranka desne orijentacije ili desnog centra. Zbog svojih je radikalnih stavova često spominjan kao uzrok slabijeg razvoja Poljske i njenog slabog međunarodnog položaja. U radu se konzervativna vlast te stranke prikazuje s obzirom na neovisnost rada sudova, slobodu medija i zaštitu ljudskih prava i sloboda. Status zaštite ljudskih prava i stupanj demokracije utjecao je na odnos EU prema Poljskoj, a nacionalizam PiS-a na odnos Poljske prema EU, Rusiji, Njemačkoj i ukupnoj međunarodnoj zajednici. ; As a result of the 2005 election, the Law and Justice party (abbreviated as PiS in Polish for Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) became the dominant party in the Polish parliament under the leadership of the Kaczyński brothers, Lech and Jaroslaw. From 2007 to 2015, PiS was a force in its role as the political opposition. It came to power again in 2015 after winning persuasive majorities in the Lower and Upper Houses. PiS is a radical party of right or center-right orientation. Because of its radical positions, it often is mentioned as a cause of Poland's weaker national development and international status. This work discusses the party's conservative government with regard to the relationship between legislative and judicial authorities, freedom of the media, and the protection of human rights. Poland's state of human rights protection and its degree of democracy has influenced its relationship with the EU. PiS's nationalism also has had an impact on Poland's relations with the EU, Russia, Germany, and the larger international community.

International audience ; The expression "military Keynesianism", much in use during the Cold war USA-USSR arms race, has contributed to feed suspicion that Keynes had sympathies for rearmament or war as instruments of economic recovery, or even for authoritarian regimes. His hostility toward free trade at a time of economic crisis gave him the image of someone who supports economic nationalism, which often goes hand in hand with militarism (cf. Friedrich List, 1840). A reading of Keynes' works allows to challenge these assumptions. In fact, the pacifism has left its mark on his thought and his concern for the economic crisis is directly linked to his opposition to the war, though he considered it to be unavoidable, in the absence of a return to prosperity. The young Keynes is influenced by the Liberal thought and pacifism, which prevails among economists at the beginning of the 20th century. Close to conscientious objectors, he is then in accordance with the ideas developed by the future Nobel Peace Prize, Norman Angell, who advocates for an European disarmament. (Part I). Having become economic adviser to the Treasury in 1915 and therefore directly interested in the issue of war financing, Keynes actively militates against the option of a total war for Great Britain. He even almost resigned when the British government calls for conscription. We will show that his thought in the 1920's is characterised by a radical critique of the revenge spirit and a call to international cooperation. The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919) became extremely successful as a major critique of the Treaty of Versailles (Part II). Finally, we will show in a third part how, during the 1930's, while the economic crisis persists and rearmament accelerates, Keynes develops an original theory, breaking from liberalism and being tested by the massive increase in European military expenditures. Keynes' thought has changed in the interwar period, following a careful thought on war economic and financial issues. Indeed, the "Keynesian ...

The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the performance of the management of budget and actual revenue and expenditure views from income of effectiveness ratio, the ratio of revenue growth, belanaja efficiency ratio and the ratio of spending growth.Data collection method in this study was conducted using field research and literature. The analytical tool used in this study uses the ratio of the effectiveness of the income, expenditure efficiency ratio, the ratio of revenue growth and expenditure growth rate. The results of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the income equivalent of the Environment Agency in the Kutai Barat in 2013 until 2015, the year 2013-2014 results obtained are not effective in because realization of revenues achieved less than budgeted Environment Agency in the collection of revenue receipts not in accordance with the in budget. In 2014 the results obtained are less effective due to the realization of revenues achieved smaller than that in budget Environment Agency. The level of expenditure efficiency Environment Agency in 2013 s / d in 2015 Based on the calculation of the efficiency values fless than 100%, the budget savings go well or efficiency. Growth in revenue in 2014 amounted to (8.17%) means the realization of the budget revenues in 2014 decreased from the previous year. While the growth rate income Environment Agency in 2015 increased where the resulting percentage is equal to 9.23%. Of cause of revenue decreased in 2014 due to the budget that was obtained by local governments amounted to little compared to 2015. The growth rate of expenditure of the Environment Agency in 2015 decreased from the previous year. Environment Agency spending growth in 2014 s / d in 2015 from year-to-year fluctuations, this means spending growth rate experienced an unstable condition.Keywords: Effectiveness ratio analysis of income, expenditure efficiency ratio, the ratio of growth revenue and expenditure growth rate.

335 345 153 ; S ; [EN] New combustion concepts are being investigated to develop cleaner engines. One of the most promising is partially premixed combustion. The mechanisms of this combustion mode and its impact on performance and emissions have been studied in the previous years. Nevertheless, little research has been done from the point of view of heat transfer. In particular, the influence of the injection strategy on heat transfer is of great interest in partially premixed combustion. This work presents a method to calculate convective heat transfer to the piston. The method uses a combination of gas velocity models and experimental velocity data measured with the PIV technique. This method was applied to achieve the goal of studying the effect of the number of injections on heat rejection. First, the influence of the injection strategy on gas motion was examined. To do that, an analysis of the velocity components relevant to gas-surface convection was conducted, as well as of the resulting heat transfer coefficient. Next, heat flux results were discussed. The single injection strategy showed the highest heat transfer, followed by triple injection and double injection. Important instantaneous variations of heat flux were observed at different locations of the piston bowl. All findings were associated with concurring conditions of high gas velocity, density and temperature. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Swedish Energy Agency Sweden and the Competence Center for Combustion Processes KCFP. The authors also would like to acknowledge that part of the work has been partially funded by the Spanish government under the grant José Castillejo (JC2015/0036). Research leading to this work has also received funding from Universitat Politècnica de València Spain through the contract FPI-S2-2016 1357 of Programa de Apoyo para la Investigación y Desarrollo (PAID-01 16) . Tanov, S.; Salvador-Iborra, J.; Andersson, Ö.; Olmeda, P.; García Martínez, A. (2017). Influence of the number of injections on piston heat ...

1 6 8 ; S ; [EN] The clinical management of large-size cartilage lesions is difficult due to the limited regenerative ability of the cartilage. Different biomaterials have been used to develop tissue engineering substitutes for cartilage repair, including chitosan alone or in combination with growth factors to improve its chondrogenic properties. The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the benefits of combining activated platelet-rich plasma with a stabilized porous chitosan scaffold for cartilage regeneration. To achieve this purpose, stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds were prepared using freeze gelation and combined with activated platelet-rich plasma. Human primary articular chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds with and without combination to activated platelet-rich plasma. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the morphological characterization of the resulting scaffolds. Cell counts were performed in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, and type I and II collagen expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Significant increase in cell number in activated platelet-rich plasma/stabilized porous chitosan was found compared with stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds. Chondrocytes grown on stabilized porous chitosan expressed high levels of type I collagen but type II was not detectable, whereas cells grown on activated platelet rich plasma/stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds expressed high levels of type II collagen and type I was almost undetectable. In summary, activated platelet-rich plasma increases nesting and induces the differentiation of chondrocytes cultured on stabilized porous chitosan scaffolds. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants MAT2016-76039-C4-2-R (M.S.-T. and C.C.) and MAT 2013-46467-C4-1-R (M.A.G.-G. and J.L.G.R.) from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government ...