Suchergebnisse

Abstrak - Teknologi komunikasi akhir-akhir ini semakin mengarah ke unsur digital. Hal ini memberikan dampak yang luar biasa bagi kehidupan manusia terutama pada bagian informasi di pemerintahan. Banyak model telekomunikasi yang digunakan, ada yang paling sederhana yaitu melalui pesawat telepon, radio, dan satelit. Komunikasi satelit menggunakan perangkat satelit yang ada di luar angkasa sebagai jembatan informasinya dengan menggunakan pemancar stasiun bumi kecil VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) yang membuat dua instansi dapat berkomunikasi dengan cepat dan akurat. Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang instalasi mobile VSAT yang biasa digunakan di Biro Teknologi Komunikasi Divisi Teknologi Informasi MABES POLRI (ROTEKKOM Div TI MABES POLRI) untuk berkomunikasi. Biasanya bagian biro menyebut VSAT bergerak ini dengan KOMOBS. Bagian - bagian yang dibahas komponen alat, cara instalasi, dan konfigurasinya. Kata kunci : Satelit, VSAT, dan Instalasi Abstract - Communication technology lately is increasingly leading to digital elements. This has a tremendous impact on human life, especially on the part of information in government. Many telecommunication models are used, some of the simplest is through telephone, radio, and satellite. Satellite communications use existing satellite devices in space as a bridge of information by means of a small earth station transmitter VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) which allows two agencies to communicate quickly and accurately. This paper describes the installation of mobile VSAT commonly used in the Bureau of Communication Technology Division of Information Technology MABES POLRI (ROTEKKOM Div IT MABES POLRI) to communicate. Usually the bureau section calls this moving VSAT with KOMOBS. The parts discussed are tool components, installation methods, and their configuration. Keywords: Satellite, VSAT, and Installation

This paper presents results of the 2009 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice (SCPC), along with revised 2008 SCPC data. In 2009, the average U.S. consumer held 5.0 of the nine payment instruments available, including cash, and used 3.8 of them during a typical month. Between the 2008 and 2009 surveys, a period that includes the trough of the latest recession, consumers significantly increased their use of cash and close substitutes for cash, such as money orders and prepaid cards. At the same time, consumers reduced their use of credit cards and (to a lesser extent) debit cards, as well as payments made using a bank account number. Weaker economic conditions, new government regulations, and bank pricing of payment card services all likely contributed to the shift back toward cash. However, it is difficult to determine how much each of these factors contributed, and whether the shift is transitory or permanent, without more data and research on consumer payment choice. In 2009, one in three consumers had a prepaid card and nearly as many had a nonbank payment account online, while 3 percent made a mobile payment. By focusing on payments by consumers only, the SCPC complements the recent 2010 Federal Reserve Payment Study, which describes the entire noncash payments economy.

RESUMENLos temas de la cosecha y post‐cosecha en la investigaciön de sistemas agricolesLa creciente literatura sobre la investigación de sistemas agricolas presta poca atención al sistema de cosecha y post‐cosecha (SCPC), Y aún así el SCPC es probable que sea central en cualquier programa de investigación de sistemas agrícolas, tanto por ser prioritario de por sí como por los efectos que tendrán en el SCPC tradicional los cambios tecnológicos en otras partes del sistema agricola. El argumento se ilustra con un caso estudiado en Santa Cruz, Bolivia, examinándose asimismo las implicaciones para la organización de la investigación de sistemas agricolas.SUMMARYThe growing literature on farming systems research pays little attention to the harvest and post‐harvest system (HPHS). Yet the HPHS is likely to be central to any programme of farming systems research both because it is a priority on its own account and because technology changes in other parts of the farm system disturb the traditional HPHS. The argument is illustrated by a case study from Santa Cruz, Bolivia and the implications for the organisation of farming systems research are examined.RÉSUMÉQuestions de récoltes et post‐récoltes dans la recherche des systèmes agricolesLa littérature grossisante sur les recherches des systèmes agricoles ne prête que peu d'attention au système récolte et post‐récolte (SRPR). II est cependant très possible que le SRPR soit au coeur même de tout programme de recherche des systèmes agricoles tant parce que c'est en lui‐même une priorité de recherche que parce que les modifications de la technologie dans d'autres parties du système agricole troublent le SRPR traditionnel. Le point est illustré par une étude individuelle de Santa Cruz, en Bolivie, et les implications pour l'organisation de la recherche des systèmes d'exploitation agricole sont examinées.

The Federal Reserve named improvements in the speed and security of the payment system as two of its policy initiatives for 2012–2016. Using new data from the 2013 Survey of Consumer Payment Choice (SCPC) and models from earlier research, we estimate how various aspects of speed and security influence consumers' decisions to adopt and use payment instruments. Some aspects of speed and security have a statistically significant influence on the adoption and use of selected payment instruments, but not as much as other characteristics of payment instruments. Using econometric models to simulate selected policies proposed by the Fed, we show that faster speed of payment deduction for Automatic Clearing House (ACH) transactions would slightly increase consumers' adoption of ACH‐based payment methods, while enhanced security of payment cards would marginally increase the use of credit and debit cards. However, neither improvement is likely to increase consumer welfare much because consumer demand for payments is very inelastic with respect to speed and security. Our analysis focuses exclusively on consumers' behavior and does not include potential benefits of improvements to the payment system that would directly benefit businesses or financial institutions. In addition, preventing security breaches may preserve public confidence in the payment system, benefitting consumers even if they do not change their payment behavior. (JEL D12, D14, E58)