Letter from the Editor2 Visiting Fellows3 PHOTO ESSAY •Houses of Emptiness: The architecture of Suan 5Mokkh and the modern Thai monastic complex FEATURE ARTICLES•Afterschool language program: teaching Bahasa 9Indonesia to Enfield Elementary school children •The political economy of emotions and emotionality11in post-reform Ho Chi Minh City •Undergraduate FLAS recipient plans to use Khmer 18in future endeavors •Indonesian opens door to undergrad's biology 19research in Bali SEAP HAPPENINGS •New building manager for Kahin Center21 •SEAP brown bag lectures22 •12th Annual Graduate Student Conference26 •A.D. White Professors-at-Large & Society for the 28Humanities Awards29 Outreach30 Publications32 E-Bulletin SOUTHEASTASIAPROGRAM2010 Photo by Xie Kankan: The morning sun and tranquil Borobudur--the renowned 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist shrine in Central Java, Indonesia ; The Southeast Asia Program Bulletin is a bi-annual publication covering Cornell faculty and student research, SEAP outreach activities, as well as SEAP news and updates. ; Cornell Southeast Asia Program, US Department of Education Title VI Funding
Buildings are Europe's biggest energy resource. By 2013, buildings made up more than 40 % of the final energy consumption in the European Union (EU). While the benefits of energy efficiency in the building sector are evident and many municipalities already have action plans in place, the implementation does not quite take off. Due to lacking capacities, many struggle to translate their plans into action. This manual is for municipalities seeking to kickstart their energy efficiency activities in the building sector. Following the principle of customised capacity building, it introduces tools and methods to assess the existing capacities, and to identify what still needs to be established. Furthermore, it describes the idea of Local Energy Efficiency Work Groups (LEEGs): a network of local stakeholders aggregating the knowledge, perspectives and capacities for an effective and sustained implementation of energy efficiency measures. In doing so, it lays the foundation for further activities described in separate guidelines.
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean temperature rise this century to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. This target has wide-ranging implications for Europe and its cities, which are the source of substantial greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports the state of local planning for climate change by collecting and analysing information about local climate mitigation and adaptation plans across 885 urban areas of the EU-28. A typology and framework for analysis was developed that classifies local climate plans in terms of their alignment with spatial (local, national and international) and other climate related policies. Out of eight types of local climate plans identified in total we document three types of stand-alone local climate plans classified as type A1 (autonomously produced plans), A2 (plans produced to comply with national regulations) or A3 (plans developed for international climate networks). There is wide variation among countries in the prevalence of local climate plans, with generally more plans developed by central and northern European cities. Approximately 66% of EU cities have a type A1, A2, or A3 mitigation plan, 26% an adaptation plan, and 17% a joint adaptation and mitigation plan, while about 33% lack any form of stand-alone local climate plan (i.e. what we classify as A1, A2, A3 plans). Mitigation plans are more numerous than adaptation plans, but planning for mitigation does not always precede planning for adaptation. Our analysis reveals that city size, national legislation, and international networks can influence the development of local climate plans. We found that size does matter as about 80% of the cities with above 500,000 inhabitants have a comprehensive and stand-alone mitigation and/or an adaptation plan (A1). Cities in four countries with national climate legislation (A2), i.e. Denmark, France, Slovakia and the United Kingdom, are nearly twice as likely to produce local mitigation plans, and five times more likely to produce local adaptation plans, compared to cities in countries without such legislation. A1 and A2 mitigation plans are particularly numerous in Denmark, Poland, Germany, and Finland; while A1 and A2 adaptation plans are prevalent in Denmark, Finland, UK and France. The integration of adaptation and mitigation is country-specific and can mainly be observed in two countries where local climate plans are compulsory, i.e. France and the UK. Finally, local climate plans produced for international climate networks (A3) are mostly found in the many countries where autonomous (type A1) plans are less common. This is the most comprehensive analysis of local climate planning to date. The findings are of international importance as they will inform and support decision-making towards climate planning and policy development at national, EU and global level being based on the most comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of local climate planning available to date.
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean temperature rise this century to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. This target has wide-ranging implications for Europe and its cities, which are the source of substantial greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports the state of local planning for climate change by collecting and analysing information about local climate mitigation and adaptation plans across 885 urban areas of the EU-28. A typology and framework for analysis was developed that classifies local climate plans in terms of their alignment with spatial (local, national and international) and other climate related policies. Out of eight types of local climate plans identified in total we document three types of stand-alone local climate plans classified as type A1 (autonomously produced plans), A2 (plans produced to comply with national regulations) or A3 (plans developed for international climate networks). There is wide variation among countries in the prevalence of local climate plans, with generally more plans developed by central and northern European cities. Approximately 66% of EU cities have a type A1, A2, or A3 mitigation plan, 26% an adaptation plan, and 17% a joint adaptation and mitigation plan, while about 33% lack any form of stand-alone local climate plan (i.e. what we classify as A1, A2, A3 plans). Mitigation plans are more numerous than adaptation plans, but planning for mitigation does not always precede planning for adaptation. Our analysis reveals that city size, national legislation, and international networks can influence the development of local climate plans. We found that size does matter as about 80% of the cities with above 500,000 inhabitants have a comprehensive and stand-alone mitigation and/or an adaptation plan (A1). Cities in four countries with national climate legislation (A2), i.e. Denmark, France, Slovakia and the United Kingdom, are nearly twice as likely to produce local mitigation plans, and five times more likely to produce local adaptation plans, compared to cities in countries without such legislation. A1 and A2 mitigation plans are particularly numerous in Denmark, Poland, Germany, and Finland; while A1 and A2 adaptation plans are prevalent in Denmark, Finland, UK and France. The integration of adaptation and mitigation is country-specific and can mainly be observed in two countries where local climate plans are compulsory, i.e. France and the UK. Finally, local climate plans produced for international climate networks (A3) are mostly found in the many countries where autonomous (type A1) plans are less common. This is the most comprehensive analysis of local climate planning to date. The findings are of international importance as they will inform and support decision-making towards climate planning and policy development at national, EU and global level being based on the most comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of local climate planning available to date. ; EU COST Action TU0902 that made the initial work possible and the positive engagement and interaction of the members of this group which led to this work. MO acknowledges funding from the Spanish Government (Grant no. FPDI-2013-16631). EKL was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR within the National Sustainability Program I (NPU I), grant number LO1415. OH and RD were funded by the EC project RAMSES Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation and Sustainable Development for Cities (contract Ref 308497) and the EPSRC project LC Transforms: Low Carbon Transitions of Fleet Operations in Metropolitan Sites Project (EP/N010612/1).
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global mean temperature rise this century to well below 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels. This target has wide-ranging implications for Europe and its cities, which are the source of substantial greenhouse gas emissions. This paper reports the state of local planning for climate change by collecting and analysing information about local climate mitigation and adaptation plans across 885 urban areas of the EU-28. A typology and framework for analysis was developed that classifies local climate plans in terms of their alignment with spatial (local, national and international) and other climate related policies. Out of eight types of local climate plans identified in total we document three types of stand-alone local climate plans classified as type Al (autonomously produced plans), A2 (plans produced to comply with national regulations) or A3 (plans developed for international climate networks). There is wide variation among countries in the prevalence of local climate plans, with generally more plans developed by central and northern European cities. Approximately 66% of EU cities have a type Al, A2, or A3 mitigation plan, 26% an adaptation plan, and 17% a joint adaptation and mitigation plan, while about 33% lack any form of stand-alone local climate plan (i.e. what we classify as Al, A2, A3 plans). Mitigation plans are more numerous than adaptation plans, but planning for mitigation does not always precede planning for adaptation. Our analysis reveals that city size, national legislation, and international networks can influence the development of local climate plans. We found that size does matter as about 80% of the cities with above 500,000 inhabitants have a comprehensive and stand-alone mitigation and/or an adaptation plan (Al). Cities in four countries with national climate legislation (A2), i.e. Denmark, France, Slovakia and the United Kingdom, are nearly twice as likely to produce local mitigation plans, and five times more likely to produce local adaptation plans, compared to cities in countries without such legislation. Al and A2 mitigation plans are particularly numerous in Denmark, Poland, Germany, and Finland: while Al and A2 adaptation plans are prevalent in Denmark, Finland, UK and France. The integration of adaptation and mitigation is country-specific and can mainly be observed in two countries where local climate plans are compulsory, i.e. France and the UK. Finally, local climate plans produced for international climate networks (A3) are mostly found in the many countries where autonomous (type Al) plans are less common. This is the most comprehensive analysis of local climate planning to date. The findings are of international importance as they will inform and support decision making towards climate planning and policy development at national, EU and global level being based on the most comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge of local climate planning available to date.
This guideline serves as a support material for municipalities in the process of developing their local energy efficiency strategy for municipal buildings. The idea of this guideline is: how to find an optimal energy efficiency strategy for municipal buildings by the support of an organized and structured self-assessment tool made to define capacity constraints in energy management in municipalities. At best, this leads to defining specific Capacity Building Schemes. The starting point is the evaluation of the current strategic local energy plans (in terms of SEAP, SECAP or energy plans in municipalities). Further steps are dedicated to an organizational and process analysis at the administrative level in order to re-arrange workflows and municipal energy management systems. In this context, it is beneficial to build retrofitting strategies including either building refurbishment actions or IT solutions for energy monitoring which is harmonized with potential investments in energy efficiency projects. This guideline is created for local policy-makers, planners and experts contributing to the development and implementation of building energy efficiency strategies, policies and projects in municipalities. It is intended for representatives at various levels of local government: heads of local governments, heads and specialists of technical and development departments, heads and technical directors of municipal companies, as well as cooperating institutions and companies or other groups in society, eventually including citizens.
This article presents an analysis of the State Participative Evaluation System (SEAP-RS) formulation at the Rio Grande do Sul State Secretariat of Education, during the 2011-2014 government period. Institutional movements, concepts and assumptions of this institutional evaluation policy are examined. Dilemmas and challenges of/in managing such process were drawn from narratives and documents that illustrate the formation of the agenda and the regulatory norms. Two impasses are highlighted: the discourse on democratic management in face of a centralized policy formulation; and the demand for immediate responses from public officers in face of the new participatory evaluation requirements. ; O artigo apresenta uma análise do processo de formulação do Sistema Estadual de Avaliação Participativa (SEAP-RS) na gestão 2011-2014 da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Rio Grande do Sul. Considera os movimentos institucionais, conceitos e pressupostos desta política de avaliação institucional. Revela dilemas e desafios da/na gestão, a partir de narrativas e documentos que ilustram a formação da agenda e as normas regulamentares. Dois impasses são salientados: o discurso sobre a gestão democrática em face do centralismo na formulação da política; e a exigência dos dirigentes políticos para respostas imediatas em face dos novos modos participativos de avaliação.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Letter from the Editor FEATURES 3 Green Togas: The Bandung School and Modern Art in Indonesia in the New Order Period 7 From Yangon to Mawlamyine: First Steps in Building a Burma/Myanmar Initiative 11 Flux Navigations: Envisioning the Southeast Asian City 14 Critique, Collaboration, and the Politics of Transition: The Burma/ Myanmar Research Forum 17 Unique January Study Abroad in Cambodia 21 Volunteering in Cambodia: A Life-Changing Experience 23 The 12th Northeast Conference on Indonesia NEWS 25 Visiting Scholars 27 Upcoming Events/ Spring 2015 Gatty Lectures 30 The Kahin Center 32 On Campus and Beyond 34 Awards 35 SEAP Outreach 37 SEAP Publications 38 The Echols Collection 39 SEAP Languages 41 New Acquisitions at the Herbert F. Johnson Museum ; The Southeast Asia Program Bulletin is a bi-annual publication covering Cornell faculty and student research, SEAP outreach activities, as well as SEAP news and updates. ; Cornell Southeast Asia Program, US Department of Education Title VI Funding
LETTER FROM THE EDITOR 2 VISITING FELLOWS 3 SOUTHEAST ASIAN FILMS 4-7 • Dutch/Indonesian filmmaker to visit Cornell in April • Southeast Asian films you should not miss • Review: Forever Fever—A Singaporean John Travolta turned icon of Asian Values? TRAVEL (B)LOGS 8-12 • Signing off from Doha and Soeharto: A Political Obituary • A graduate student on the trail in Vietnam: lost & found among the stacks • Burmese adventures AT THE KAHIN CENTER (CONT.) 13-16 • Workshop on Gender Pluralism In Southeast Asia • Graduate Student Conference • SEAP Brown Bag Lecture Series LIBRARY NEWS 17 • Updates from the Echols Collection MEMORIALS 18-19 • Roger Downey • Siew Nim Chee OUTREACH 20 • Southeast Asia Teacher Study Group • Indonesian Immersion for Enfield Elementary School ; The Southeast Asia Program Bulletin is a bi-annual publication covering Cornell faculty and student research, SEAP outreach activities, as well as SEAP news and updates. ; Cornell Southeast Asia Program, US Department of Education Title VI Funding
A little known provision of the North America Trade Agreement (NAFTA) legislation of 1993 is a mechanism that assists displaced workers with an interest in becoming entrepreneurs and small business owners. A program named the Self Employment Assistance Program (SEAP) was created and implemented in a number of states in the 1990s to do just that. SEAP facilitates entrepreneurial and small business management training and assistance to displaced workers. This article summarizes the experience and findings from Indiana University of Pennsylvania's SEAP program, which has provided assistance to over two hundred displaced workers in a tri-county area of western Pennsylvania between 1998 and 2003. The results support the contention that entrepreneurs can be "made" (or at least "assisted") even when they are confronted with less than optimal circumstances. Moreover, the findings suggest that the most reliable predictor of "success" was participation in the program itself, not entrepreneurial predisposition, education, aptitudes, or other factors that would be expected to positively influence success. Based on the success criteria established by the state of Pennsylvania, this program produced a "success rate " of 83%. Using an "up and running" criterion to define a successful entrepreneur, a 70% success rate was achieved. The framework for this entrepreneurial training program is also presented.
This study presents the case of a Metropolitan Municipality in the Aegean Region of Turkey, which undertook a series of initiatives to conduct projects on environmental protection and sustainability. This case study was conducted as two separate studies as a part of Horizon 2020-funded ECHOES project under Work Package 6, aiming to gain insight into the collective magnitudes of energy-related choices and behavior. The starting point of the process is marked, in 2015, by the municipality becoming a party to the Covenant of Mayors movement, joining around 8,000 signatories from over 50 countries. In line with European Union's (EU's) climate targets and associated energy-related policies, signatories of the Covenant of Mayors aim to decrease carbon emissions by 20% by 2020 and by 40% by 2030. In order to enhance the design and operationalization of policies for achieving these targets, each partner in the Covenant of Mayors is required to develop a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP). The SEAP is to be prepared within 2 years of becoming a party to the Covenant of Mayors and involves action plans and projects in order to operationalize the strategies for achieving the associated targets. To this end, this study analyzes the Metropolitan Municipality's SEAP and its components, which include zero-emission public transportation project, transformation of existing buildings to a more energy-efficient standard and related energy audit studies, a project for decreasing waiting periods in traffic via a Smart Traffic System, a pedestrianization project, and a project for increasing the use of geothermal energy for district heating. This study set out to identify the internal and external factors, as well as bottom-up and top-down mechanisms involved in various phases of the preparation and implementation of the SEAP. The research method was expert interviews, incorporating viewpoints and perceptions of stakeholders from different levels of the municipality. Among the key results are understanding the roles of enthusiasts ...
The Covenant of Mayors (CoM) launched in 2008, is a voluntary initiative supporting the development of energy efficiency and climate-change responsive strategies, oriented to the achievement of the EU climate neutrality by 2050. Every CoM Signatory outlines its commitments into practical measures and projects by a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP). Among these measures, good practices (successful examples) developed by Signatories, have been selected as effective results of their interventions. The work focuses on the CoM Small Municipalities, highlighting the main features from their SECAPs and good practices, and selecting the suitable ones for the case study proposed of Castelsaraceno Municipality.
Owners and municipalities face the choice to renovate or rebuild buildings in order to improve energy efficiency and sustainability. The process of upgrading the existing building stock can be supported by land management tools, i.e., municipal energy plans (MEP) or sustainable building codes (BC), that municipalities use to plan, check and monitor actions taken. Many local and regional authorities are involved in the Covenant of Mayors supported by the European Union (EU): the sustainable energy action plan (SEAP) is the key document in which the Covenant signatory outlines how it intends to reach CO2 reduction target by 2020. Sustainability at the urban scale is also supported by voluntary certification schemes such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)® for neighbourhood development proposed by the United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) Communities proposed by UK Building Research Establishment (BRE) and Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency (CASBEE) for Urban Development proposed by the Japan GreenBuild Council. The fact that there are so many tools to manage urban sustainability is positive, but what happens when multiple tools are applied to the same territory? Overlap, redundancy, and conflicts in management may be critical elements. The purpose of this article is to analyze these critical issues, highlighting the elements of integration and possible synergies for effective management of sustainability at the local level.
The city of Turku is located in southwest Finland, in Northern Europe. Founded in 1229, it is the country&rsquo ; s oldest city. It is situated around the Aura River, which flows into the Baltic Sea, making it an ideal location for its 184,000 inhabitants and 20,000 enterprises. In June 2018, the city unveiled an ambitious climate plan to be carbon neutral by 2029. This plan was prepared according to the common model of the European Union (EU) (SECAP, Sustainable energy and climate action plan) with key milestones for years 2021, 2025, and 2029. It focuses on both adaptation and mitigation strategies with six measures outlined as necessary to meet the targets, two of which directly target citizen outreach and engagement. These two measures focus on mobilizing communities as partners in the climate plan and on raising awareness of climate change. Given its significance to the plan, this paper examines stakeholder engagement in the City of Turku&rsquo ; s climate policies from a governance perspective. It asks the question, how does stakeholder participation materialize in the City of Turku&rsquo ; s carbon neutral planning process? It aims to give a snapshot of baseline stakeholder participation in the city&rsquo ; s carbon neutral aspirations. It has found that whilst the plan contains ambitions for stakeholder participation, it is not fully implemented. It recommends a citizen facilitated public participation steering group that aims to inspire citizens towards taking action and engaging in the decision-making process for a carbon neutral 2029.
