Suchergebnisse

As Unidades de Conservação (UC) são espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos para a proteção dos recursos naturais. Minas Gerais abriga diversas UC criadas pelos vários níveis de governo. Destes, o estadual vem se destacando, tanto pela criação como pelas medidas para implantação das UC. Os gerentes destas UC são importantes atores deste processo e estabelecem a interface entre governo e a realidade de campo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho definir o perfil profissional dos chefes de UC estaduais mineiras, seu nível de capacitação formal, sua distribuição pelo Sistema Estadual de Áreas Protegidas (SEAP), o tempo na função e no cargo e a satisfação e perspectivas de trabalho dos mesmos. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionários aplicados a todos os gerentes. As principais conclusões foram: o quadro de gerentes cresceu ao longo do tempo, mas continua deficitário; a idade média dos gerentes diminuiu e a proporção de mulheres aumentou; há grande rotatividade na gerência das UC, impossibilitando a continuidade de muitos trabalhos; a formação acadêmica dos gerentes é considerada adequada; há apoio para o treinamento de funcionários, principalmente relacionados a cursos de caráter operacional, contudo, quase não ocorrem capacitações gerenciais; a remuneração é baixa e não estimula a maioria dos profissionais a fazer carreira na função; as condições desfavoráveis de atuação, por falta de recursos, desmotivam os gerentes; os gerentes lotados em sua região de origem apresentaram maior grau de satisfação, tendendo a se envolver mais em trabalhos de longo prazo e a se relacionar melhor com as comunidades; há acúmulo e desvio de função, comprometendo o desempenho gerencial.

Climate change adaptation is currently a "hot topic" on the global scene. In 2013, the European Commission adopted an EU adaptation strategy that sets out the framework for strengthening Europe resilience to the impacts of climate change and in 2014 Mayors Adapt - the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) initiative on Climate Change Adaptation, engaged cities in taking action to adapt to climate change. Nevertheless, this initiative is still at its dawn; most SEAPs only address the urban / municipal level, thus lacking the necessary territorial synergies that can make mitigation and adaptation policies and actions really effective. Some common factors have influenced the lack of effectiveness in the implementation of SEAPs and SECAPs. Energy plans are often too generic, sectoral and not well integrated into each city specific features, based on incomplete data and not always coordinated to other existing local policies and plans. Then there is a general lack of public awareness and qualified human resources and the same for funding opportunities. Another common obstacle is recognised in the incomplete, unshared, scattered information regarding energy efficiency and adaptation actions. There is the urgent need to take into account the specific territorial contexts (as for the Mediterranean and Adriatic regions), and, especially for adaptation measures, to define new opportunities to integrate common territorial challenges into Joint Actions and financial strategies. These common challenges are the ones the Joint-Secap project (Interreg Itally-Croatia) seeks to tackle by offering support to local authorities (specifically those in coastal areas with major vulnerabilities) in order to facilitate the implementation of specific adaptation measures (information, planning and monitoring). This Project reflects the necessity to operate at a wider district level (the Italian and Croation Adriatic Coast) to better define strategies and actions for climate change adaptation, for those weather and climate changes and hydrogeological risks affecting coastal areas.It is structured into two main phases; the first phase is developed to the common methodology for Joint Actions definition and implementation and to share the basic knowledge of climate change adaptation strategies and energy efficiency measures. The second phase regards the design of a web platform to share information, to support planning activities and even to monitor results and ongoing actions.

Mestrado em Sistemas Energéticos Sustentáveis ; Public Lightning is an important part of municipality's nighttime landscape. Lighting can be used to enhance public safety and security while improving the aesthetic appeal of the surrounding properties but with the current global financial crisis, such lighting systems must also be sustainable. Most climate policy efforts focus on the state and international level, however national governments won't be able to meet their international commitments without local action. In Portugal, the Public Lighting is responsible for 3% of energy consumption. The problem is that the trend is to increase (about 4-5% per year) which represents very high costs for the municipal authorities. In terms of numbers are analyzed in this thesis 45 of 278 existent in Continental Portugal what represents only 16,2 % of the counties. This where the local authorities in Portugal that had a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) that had been accepted and made available in the Covenant of Mayors website until the end of year 2013. It is important that the Covenant of Mayors will increase the local authorities awareness for energy efficiency and especially to public lighting because there is still a long way to go in terms of energy consumption reduction. In future works it would be interesting to see the payback of the EolGreen post in a real scenario due to lack of energy consumption from the grid it would allow to have a pretty high initial investment even with the maintenance that those technologies need. ; A Iluminação Pública é uma parte importante da vida noturna de um município. A iluminação pode ser usada para aumentar a segurança e protecção enquanto melhora a aparência estética da sua envolvente mas com a atual crise financeira mundial os sistemas de iluminação tem de ser sustentáveis também. A maioria dos esforços para a politica climática focam-se a nivel dos países e a nível internacional, no entanto os governos não serão capazes de cumprir os seus compromissos internacionais sem ...

RESUMEN: La factura electrónica es un documento tributario que se genera utilizando medios informáticos y cuyo procedimiento de envío se realiza de forma telemática. La factura en formato electrónico tiene la misma validez que su equivalente en papel y, desde hace varios años, viene apareciendo como una promesa de futuro, de cambio, debido a las numerosas ventajas que aporta su uso. Entre los beneficios que pueden conseguir las empresas que hagan uso de la factura electrónica destacan el ahorro de dinero y tiempo y la optimización de sus procesos internos, ganando en eficiencia y seguridad, sin olvidar además los beneficios medioambientales que lleva aparejados la eliminación del papel en la facturación diaria. A pesar de todas estas ventajas, la realidad es que la facturación electrónica está todavía lejos de sustituir al papel. La existencia de un mercado muy fragmentado y la ausencia de formatos y tecnologías que funcionen como estándares son algunas de las causas que han impedido el avance y progreso de la facturación electrónica, existen multitud de proveedores que ofrecen los servicios de distinta manera y tampoco existe una legislación global que armonice la forma de facturar de manera electrónica. El hecho de depender todavía del papel en sus procesos contables resta eficiencia a las empresas en un contexto global en el que la automatización de los procesos es cada vez mayor, y depender aún de métodos manuales es fuente de desventajas competitivas. La realidad de la factura electrónica está cambiando y los agentes impulsores por fin están dando importantes pasos para romper con los métodos tradicionales e instaurar definitivamente la facturación electrónica a gran escala. Este es también el caso de España. Desde enero de 2015 existe un nuevo paradigma en la facturación electrónica en España, cuando entra en vigor la Ley 25/2013. No obstante, el proyecto de implantación de la factura electrónica se encuentra apoyado por casi todos los estamentos del Estado e intervienen en él multitud de agentes. La implicación del Ministerio de Hacienda, el IGAE, la SEAP (Secretaría de Estado de Administraciones Públicas), el DTIC (Departamento de Tecnología Informática y Computación), el Ministerio de Industria y Turismo, SETSI (Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Información) y Red.es y la creación del Punto General de Entrada de Facturas y el Registro Contable de Facturas son vitales, herramientas imprescindibles para lograr las metas y objetivos en materia de facturación electrónica. ; ABSTRACT: Electronic invoice consists in a tax document generated using informatic technology and which sending method is fully electronical. Electronic invoice has the same validity as its paper equivalent and, since several years, e-invoicing is appearing as a promise of future because of the numerous benefits associated with its use. The benefits the companies can get using electronic invoice include saving money and time and optimizing their internal processes , gaining in efficiency and safety , and not forgetting the environmental benefits related thereto the elimination of paper in the daily tasks. Despite all these advantages, the reality is that electronic invoicing is still far from replacing the paper. The existence of a highly fragmented market and the absence of formats and technologies that could work as standards, are some of the causes that have stopped the advancement and progress of electronic invoicing, there are many providers that offer services by different ways and there is no comprehensive legislation to harmonize the way to bill electronically. Still depending on paper in the accounting processes reduces the efficiency of companies and organizations in a global context, in which the process automation is growing , and still rely on manual methods is a source of competitive disadvantage. The situation of electronic invoicing is changing all around the world and driver agents are finally taking important steps to break with traditional methods and definitely set electronic invoicing for most users. This is also the situation in Spain. Since January 2015 there is a new paradigm in electronic invoicing in Spain, when it enters into force the Law 25/2013. However, the proposed implementation of electronic billing is supported by almost all branches of government and are involved a lot of political and legal agents. The involvement of the Ministerio de Hacienda, IGAE, SEAP (Secretaría de Estado de Administraciones Públicas), DTIC (Departamento de Tecnología Informática y Computación), Ministerio de Industria y Turismo, SETSI (Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Información) y Red.es and the creation of E Punto General de Entrada de Facturas y el Registro Contable de Facturas have also a great importance, they are essential tools for achieving the goals and objectives for e-invoicing in Spain. ; Máster en Empresa y Tecnologías de la Información

This atlas and reference resource assembles the latest research findings on the responsibility and obligation of human society for historical climate change. It clearly and quantitatively estimates to what extent the developed and developing world are responsible for historical climate change with regard to anthropogenic carbon and sulfur emissions as well as global carbon trade, and so provides a potential tool to address the controversial issue of carbon emission reduction in international climate negotiations. Since the quantitative attribution of historical climate change is calculated based on CMIP5 models, the fidelity of these models in representing the observed climate change is also evaluated. In addition to evaluation, future climate change based on CMIP5 models is also shown both on global and regional scales (especially for China and its surrounding areas ) in terms of surface air temperature, precipitation, sea surface temperature, atmospheric circulations and Arctic Sea ice. The atlas also makes various comparisons among different multi-model ensemble methods in order to obtain the most reliable estimation. Dong Wenjie: Professor of Beijing Normal University. His research interests include: Climate Dynamics, Climate modeling and integrated analysis. He is the PI of the project titled Super-Ensemble Projection and Attribution of Climate Change Based on CMIP5 funded by CMOST. He is also one of the lead authors of IPCC AR5 WGI and Climate Synthesis Report for Asia-Pacific Network for global change research (APN). He won the special contribution expert grant from the State Council of China in 1999. He has jointly published more than 120 papers and 3 books. He is so dedicated to climate change science and its application that his favorite slogan is 'keep a weather eye on climate and global change'. Recent publications: Cheng HQ, Wu TW* and Dong WJ. 2008. Thermal Contrast between the Middle-Latitude Asian Continent and Adjacent Ocean and Its Connection to the East Asian Summer Precipitation. Journal of Climate 21:, 4992-5007 Chou J*, Dong WJ and Feng G. 2011. The methodology of quantitative assess economic output of climate change. Chinese Science Bulletin 56: 1333-1335 Dong WJ, Chou J* and Feng G. 2007. A new economic assessment index for the impact of climate change on grain yield. Advances In Atmospheric Sciences 24: 336-342 Dong WJ, Jiang Y* and Yang S. 2010. Response of the starting dates and the lengths of seasons in Mainland China to global warming. Climatic Change 99: 81-91 Dong WJ, Ren FM, Huang JB, Guo Y. 2013. The Atlas of Climate Change: Based on SEAP-CMIP5. Springer,175pp. ISBN: 978-3-642-31772-9 (Print) 978-3-642-31773-6 (Online) Jiang Y, Dong WJ*, Yang S and Ma J. 2008. Long-Term Changes in Ice Phenology of the Yellow River in the Past Decades. Journal of Climate 21: 4879-4886 Ke ZJ*, Zhang PQ, Dong WJ* and Li L. 2009. A New Way to Improve Seasonal Prediction by Diagnosing and Correcting the Intermodel Systematic Errors. Monthly Weather Review 137: 1898-1907 Li J, Dong WJ* and Yan Z. 2012. Changes of climate extremes of temperature and precipitation in summer in eastern China associated with changes in atmospheric circulation in East Asia during 1960-2008. Chinese Science Bulletin 57: 1856-1861 Peng J, Dong WJ*, Yuan W and Zhang Y. 2012. Responses of grassland and forest to temperature and precipitation changes in Northeast China. Advances In Atmospheric Sciences 29: 1063-1077 Wei T, Wang L, Dong WJ*, Dong M and Zhang J. 2011. A comparison of East Asian summer monsoon simulations from CAM3. 1 with three dynamic cores. Theoretical And Applied Climatology 106: 295-306 Wei T, Dong WJ*, Yuan W, Yan X and Guo Y. 2014. Influence of the carbon cycle on the attribution of responsibility for climate change. Chinese Science Bulletin: 59, doi: 10.1007/s11434-014-0196-7 Wei T, Yang S, Moore JC, Shi P, Cui X, Duan Q, Xu B, Dai Y, Yuan W, Wei X, Yang ZP, Wen TJ, Teng F, Gao Y, Chou JM, Yan XD, Wei ZG, Guo Y, Jiang YD, Gao XJ, Wang KC, Zheng XG, Ren FM, Lv SH, Yu YQ, Liu B, Luo Y, Li WJ, Ji DY, Feng JM, Wu QZ, Cheng HQ, He JK, Fu CB, Ye DZ, Xu GH and Dong WJ*. 2012. Developed and developing world responsibilities for historical climate change and CO2 mitigation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109: 12911-12915 Yang ZY, Dong WJ, Wei T, Fu YQ, Cui XF, Moore JC, Chou JM. 2014. Constructing long-term (1948-2011) consumption-based emissions inventories. Journal of Cleaner Production, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652614002844# Zhang J*, Wu L and Dong WJ. 2011. Land-atmosphere coupling and summer climate variability over East Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (1984-2012) 116: D05117, doi:10.1029/2010JD014714.