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Interview with Gilles Kepel. You work on the Arab world for nearly forty years. Have you ever experienced such a boiling state? Never. It is even more than that. We are witnessing a tectonic phenomenon that digs deep regional faults that all oil revenues had managed to plug. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the Greek elections of 2007, which took place in a very particular context. It proposes to come back to the medium-term political cycle of the 1990s, notably marked by the double process of modernization and europeanization by PASOK under C. Simitis (1996-2004) and the elections- "turning point" of 2004. It then presents the results and electoral behavior. Finally, it deals with the impressive political impact and future scenarios able to corroborate the seismic title of this article. Adapted from the source document.

The revolutionary wave that washed over the Arab world in 2011 swept away the rulers of Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen. This article compares the economic policies adopted by the various governments in response to popular dissatisfaction, finding significant similarities between post-authoritarian transition regimes and authoritarian 'survivors'. Both have relied on a similar mix of economic strategies: a temporary increase in redistribution, direct monetary transfers to what are deemed politically useful sections of the population and an ongoing commitment to preuprising policies of reduced social spending and economic liberalization. This convergence runs counter to expectations that elected transitional governments would be more responsive than their authoritarian predecessors to mass demands for social and economic justice. It also undermines the notion that these authoritarian regimes are inflexible and so unable to adapt their policies to changing circumstances. Adapted from the source document.

Earthquakes are the geological events that have generated the most transformations in the history of our planet. Although to date scientists have not been able to predict or forecast an earthquake, the detailed knowledge of its genesis, the constant and combined application of the different theories and methods that have been designed for these tasks; as well as, the application of a set of regional studies and governmental, local organizational and executive measures could reduce the high risk situations that exist today in several countries. On this occasion, a tour of the main edges of these issues is made, starting from its conceptual framework, some of the main earthquake prediction theories invented by man to date are reviewed, so that scientists and decision-makers at the international level They can apply the methodological precepts exposed to their daily work. ; Los terremotos son los eventos de origen geológico que más transformaciones han generado en la historia de nuestro planeta. Si bien hasta la fecha los científicos no han podido predecir o pronosticar un terremoto, el conocimiento detallado de su génesis, la aplicación constante y combinada de las distintas teorías y métodos que se han diseñado para estas tareas; así como, la aplicación de un conjunto de estudios regionales, medidas organizativas y ejecutivas gubernamentales y locales, podrían reducir las altas situaciones de riesgo que hoy existen en varios países. En esta ocasión se realiza un recorrido por las principales aristas de estas temáticas, partiendo de su marco conceptual, se revisan algunas de las principales teorías de predicción de terremotos inventadas por el hombre hasta la fecha, de manera que los científicos y decisores a nivel internacional puedan aplicar los preceptos metodológicos expuestos a su trabajo diario. ; Os terremotos são os eventos geológicos que mais geraram transformações na história do nosso planeta. Embora até agora os cientistas não tenham sido capazes de prever ou prever um terremoto, o conhecimento detalhado de sua gênese, a aplicação constante e combinada das diferentes teorias e métodos que foram projetados para essas tarefas; bem como, a aplicação de um conjunto de estudos regionais, governamentais e locais de medidas organizacionais e executivas, poderia reduzir as situações de alto risco que hoje existem em vários países. Nesta ocasião, é feito um tour pelos principais limites dessas questões, partindo de seu quadro conceitual, algumas das principais teorias de previsão de terremotos inventadas pelo homem até o momento são revistas, para que cientistas e tomadores de decisão em nível internacional possam aplicar os preceitos metodológicos expostos ao seu cotidiano de trabalho.

International audience ; politiques locales de maitrise du risque sismique, comparaison argentine, USA, Canada

International audience ; politiques locales de maitrise du risque sismique, comparaison argentine, USA, Canada

Abstract. Four geographical zones are defined along the trench that is formed
due to the subduction of the Nazca plate underneath the South American
plate; they are denoted A, B, C and D from north to south; zones A, B
and D had a major earthquake after 2010 (magnitude over 8.0), while
zone C has not, thus offering a contrast for comparison. For each zone,
a sequence of intervals between consecutive seisms with magnitudes
greater than or equal to 3.0 is set up and then characterized by Shannon entropy and
mutability. These methods show a correlation after a major earthquake in
what is known as the aftershock regime but show independence
otherwise. Exponential adjustments to these parameters reveal that
mutability offers a wider range for the parameters to characterize the
recovery compared to the values of the parameters defining the
background activity for each zone before a large earthquake. It is
found that the background activity is particularly high for zone A,
still recovering for zone B, reaching values similar to those of zone A in the case of zone C (without recent major earthquake) and
oscillating around moderate values for zone D. It is discussed how
this can be an indication of more risk of an important future seism
in the cases of zones A and C. The similarities and differences
between Shannon entropy and mutability are discussed and explained.

In this groundbreaking work, Ismael Montana fully explicates the complexity of Tunisian society and culture and reveals how abolition was able to occur in an environment hostile to such change. Moving beyond typical slave trade studies, he departs from the traditional regional paradigms that isolate slavery in North Africa from its global dynamics to examine the trans-Saharan slave trade in a broader historical context. The result is a study that reveals how European capitalism, political pressure, and evolving social dynamics throughout the western Mediterranean region helped shape this seism

Abstract. The detection of ionospheric disturbances associated with seismic activity is one of the main objectives of the DEMETER micro-satellite. Its scientific payload provides a comprehensive set of electron and ion measurements. The present work describes a simple model of post-seismic disturbances in the ionosphere above the epicentre. Following a major seism, the neutral atmosphere is assumed to be subject to an acoustic pulse propagating upward, to high altitudes. By coupling this perturbation to the two-dimensional ionospheric model SAMI2 it is then possible to calculate the variations in a number of plasma parameters in the plume region and along connecting magnetic field lines, for an event of representative magnitude. The feasibility of identifying the signature of seismic events from satellite observations is then assessed in view of representative DEMETER measurements and of their natural variability.