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With changing client demands, developing technology, and the marketing scenario, the business and globalization setting has seen a profound transformation during the last two decades. Business enterprises have begun to reposition their proficiencies via the use of various methods in order to survive in this competitive environment. Lean manufacturing is a type of production improvement strategy that focuses on reorganizing the manufacturing system in terms of processes to reduce waste, minimize differences, and lower costs.Government policy and technological skill have a positive and substantial impact on IT usage. To endorse technology expertise, the government should make ways to maintain and encourage companies that use technology by raising financing for companies that adopt it, supporting online tax payment and information systems, maintaining rules or laws that can influence IT usage and security of companies that use it, and establishing IT software standards for SMEs and globalisation.

ABSTRACT  The themes, trends, and significant events of 2008 demonstrate that anthropology has established a new foothold in the public sphere—one that makes the most of novel forms of communication to reach far beyond the ivory tower to disseminate knowledge widely and freely. This review focuses on six topical areas of robust anthropological research in 2008 that also addressed some of the year's most pressing problems and issues, including the following: (1) war and peace; (2) climate change; (3) natural, industrial, and development‐induced disaster recovery; (4) human rights; (5) health disparities; and (6) racial understanding, politics, and equity in the United States. It concludes by addressing some emerging issues in 2009 that especially require anthropological attention and insight, if we are to move beyond "business as usual."[Keywords: practicing anthropology, public anthropology, 2009 trends, anthropological impacts]

The characterization of specialized cell subpopulations in a heterogeneous tissue is essential for understanding organ function in health and disease. A popular method of cell isolation is fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) based on probes that bind surface or intracellular markers. In this study, we analyze the impact of FACS on the cell metabolome of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Compared with directly pelleted macrophages, FACS-treated cells had an altered content of metabolites related to the plasma membrane, activating a mechanosensory signaling cascade causing inflammation-like stress. The procedure also triggered alterations related to energy consumption and cell damage. The observed changes mostly derive from the physical impact on cells during their passage through the instrument. These findings provide evidence of FACS-induced biochemical changes, which should be taken into account in the design of robust metabolic assays of cells separated by flow cytometry. ; FJ.R., J.G., and D.R. acknowledge funding from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTQ2014-55279-R). This study was also supported by Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad grant BIO2015-67580-P through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII) and the Fundacion La Marato TV3 to J.V and to M.R (201605-30-31-32). J.V. laboratory is a member of Proteored, PRB3 and is supported by grant PT17/0019, of the PE I+D+i 2013-2016, funded by ISCIII and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). M.R. received grants from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (SAF2015-64287R, SAF2017-90604-REDT). J.V and M.R received funding from the People Programme (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under REA grant agreement no 608027 (CardioNext Initial Training Networks project). A.B. is a FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN-Cardionext fellow. The CNIC is supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MCNU) and the Pro-CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence ...

Luke Yeatman With how much I have heard about the negative environmental impacts of the meat industry, I have at times been motivated to consider giving up or at least reducing my consumption of meatContinue reading

AbstractSerbia still hosts the largest number of forced migrants in Europe. The paper examines the impact of the refugee influx from newly formed states on the territory of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) into Serbia on the future demographic trends of the country. Examination of the past population projections of Serbia confirmed that the process of predicting migration flows is related to the greatest source of uncertainty compared to all other components of demographic change. The results of our projection of Serbia's population through 2050 show that the large influx of refugees during the last decade of the 20th century should not have a significant impact on the future demographic change of Serbia. Even in the case of substantial improvement of total fertility rate (2.35 in final projection year, comparing to current 1.55), no positive demographic effect should be experienced.Continuation of the decline in Serbia's total population size cannot be offset by recent refugee influx for several reasons. The most important of them are: too small number of migrants comparing to the total population size of Serbia; similarity in fertility behaviour between refugee and indigenous population; the large‐scaled emigration during the same period; much older refugee population compared to emigrant population; and the processes of refugee repatriation and resettlement. A purely hypothetical projection variant assuming the migration required to maintain the size of current total population size of Serbia until 2050 points out the need for almost three times the amount of average annual migration surplus caused by the refugee influx.

The creation of the Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) understandably grabbed attention throughout the world. The initial response in the US, Japan and some other countries was to view it as a challenge to the post-World War II Bretton Woods order. Many saw it as an attempt by the Chinese to create an alternative institution after having failed to gain greater traction for reform of the existing system of international financial institutions. At the same time, many others see the AIIB as a major event in the history of international financial development with many positive implications for promoting global financial governance. As a Multilateral Development Bank (MDB), AIIB focuses on infrastructure investment in Asia and attempts to construct new mechanisms for international cooperation. It will undoubtedly push for reforms in global financial governance in terms of financial rule-making and loan allocations, and enhance regional financial integration in East Asia.