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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the governance of 'modern' smart organisations that integrates IT‐based orientation to decision‐making, systems thinking through system dynamics modelling and cybernetics. The design of the proposed framework is based on the key role played by knowledge in the governance of organisations. The literature on ambidexterity, organisational learning, knowledge management and systems thinking is the adopted research background. A synthesis of the connection points between these fields is proposed within a theoretical framework named Smart Model‐based Organisations. The main result of this work is represented by the proposed Smart Model‐based Governance (SMbG) framework and an example of application. There are two main findings related to the contribution of the proposed framework: the overcoming of 'data‐based' approaches that favour rigidity in knowledge governance and the contribution of systems approaches that, increasing organisational involvement, improve knowledge governance.

This paper is intended to evaluate the impact of Indonesia's trade liberalization with Yemen on the Indonesian economy. In order to evaluate the impact of the Indonesian economy, we analyzed it through the analysis method of Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (SMART) model. The result of the analysis, the scenario of the impact of trade liberalization of RI-Yemen on the economy of Indonesia with complete tariff dismantlement, by utilizing the analysis of consumer surplus change, the change of import and export, and the change of tariff income can be concluded that the liberalization of RI-Yaman trade with zero tariff has very positive impact to the economy Indonesia and quite positively to the Yemeni economy. This passage is a form of anticipation of possible policy changes when the political, economic and security situation in Yemen has recovered. Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk mengevaluasi dampak liberalisasi perdagangan Indonesia dengan Yaman terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Guna mengevaluasi dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap perekonomian Indonesia, dianalisis melalui pendekatan metode analisis modelSoftware for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade(SMART). Hasil analisis skenario dampak liberalisasi perdagangan RI-Yaman terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dengancomplete tariff dismantlement, dengan memanfaatkan analisa perubahanconsumer surplus, perubahan impor dan ekspor, serta perubahan pendapatan tarif dapat disimpulkan bahwa liberalisasi perdagangan RI-Yaman dengan nol tarif berdampak sangat positif terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dan cukup positif terhadap perekonomian Yaman. Telahaan ini merupakan bentuk antisipasi kemungkinan perubahan kebijakan manakala situasi politik, ekonomi, dan keamanan di Yaman telah pulih kembali.

This document represents the evidence of compliance with Deliverable 3.1: Selection of the smart model types suitable for application to groundwater systems "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.

This document represents the evidence of compliance with Deliverable 3.1: Selection of the smart model types suitable for application to groundwater systems "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.

In Deutschland wie auch weltweit versuchen Kommunen, viele ihrer Aufgaben und öffentlichen Dienstleistungen mittels digitaler Techniken effizienter zu steuern und zu erledigen. Angestoßen, durchgeführt, unterstützt oder betreut werden diese Prozesse oftmals von IT-Unternehmen. Die Zielsetzungen sind bei den Smart-City-Konzepten unterschiedlich. Bei einigen Konzepten steht die reine Effizienzsteigerung im Vordergrund der Digitalisierung, bei anderen primär das Gemeinwohl und die Verbesserung der Lebensverhältnisse der Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner der Kommune. Als ein Beispiel für letzteren Ansatz gilt das Wiener Konzept "Smart City Wien", das hier vorgestellt wird. Über den Wettbewerb "Digitale Stadt", ausgelobt vom Digitalverband Bitkom und dem Deutschen Städte- und Gemeindebund, wurde der Digitalisierungsprozess an die Stadt Darmstadt herangetragen, die diesen Wettbewerb 2016 gewonnen hat und das zweite Fallbeispiel bildet. Kommunen im ländlichen Raum entwickeln und betreiben, oftmals mit öffentlicher Förderung, "Smart-Region-Konzepte". Diese versuchen primär, flexible und mobile Angebote der Daseinsvorsorge in dünn besiedelten Gebieten mithilfe der Digitalisierung aufrechtzuerhalten bzw. zu stärken.

This document represents the evidence of compliance with Deliverable 3.1: Selection of the smart model types suitable for application to groundwater systems "Innovative and Sustainable Groundwater Management in the Mediterranean" Grant Agreement Number 1923 project. ; This project is part of the PRIMA Programme supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 1923.

[eng] The aim of this thesis is to explore how in a context of economic, political, social and environmental transitions, SMart, a cultural and artistic social enterprise (CASE), has developed a relevant model to contribute to mitigate the structural labor precariousness of artists and creators. We study SMart as a solution emanating from within the cultural sector that is also able to address other challenges related to changing notions of the role and place of artists and creators in society. Social enterprises emanating from and active in the cultural sector constitute a specific institutional arrangement that offers innovative labor arrangements for cultural workers and artists to fight against precariousness. Social enterprises are embedded in the social and solidarity economy and stand at the crossroads of markets, civil society, and the public, which places them in a critical position: depending on the logic, actors, and contexts at play, social enterprises can ensure to varying degrees the general interest through their social mission, their sustainability via the real participation of all their stakeholders and the carrying out of economic activities that are fully consistent with their mission. It is within this type of sustainability and participation that transformative social innovation can emerge. Even though they already existed under different forms and names, social enterprises began to be noticed by public administrations in Europe three decades ago and they developed firstly under the auspices of policy-makers as a result of their effectiveness in tackling the needs of disadvantaged groups. More recently, groups of citizens working for the general interest across various activity areas or within transitions-enabling initiatives have also embraced the transformational potential of social enterprises. Culture is one of the activity areas where CASE are appearing despite the difficulty of articulating innovation and culture in a way that facilitates social transformation for all citizens. The thesis is divided into seven chapters and includes four annexes. The introductory first chapter begins by setting up the context for the research, namely the challenges that 21st century transitions pose for culture and how cultural actors are articulating viable and sustainable responses in response to those challenges. The case study proposed, SMart and its expansion or geographic scaling-up process throughout Europe, is then presented. The five research objectives driving the research and the hypotheses associated to two of them are then described. The methodology used is introduced at this stage although a detailed account of the research design is included in Annex 1. The next three chapters describe the main notions and theories that frame the research: social enterprise and social innovation (chapter 2); the intricate relationship of social enterprise and (social) innovation with culture and the arts (chapter 3); and the diffusion of (social) innovation, with an emphasis of the adaptation and replication of social enterprises (chapter 4). Chapter 5 dives into the source or mother social enterprise (SMartbe) at the heart of the expansion process under study. It also summarizes the main stages involved in the launch of the European platform, SMarteu, gathering the various national SMart offices in nine countries. The chapter ends with an evaluation of the scaling up strategy based on the statistical analysis of the data. Chapter 6 opens with the set of criteria applied to select the three country cases (Austria, Spain and Hungary) and is then divided into the contextual general analysis and the description of the national SMart implementation efforts. The institutional framework analysis in the three countries describes the development of civil society, the third sector and social enterprise as well as the cultural field. Each country analysis ends with some conclusions about the context and the repercussions for the launch of SMart. Then each national SMart experience (SMartat, SMartib, and SMarthu) is described at length emphasizing its history, the functioning and services offered, and reflecting on the lessons learned and prospects for the future. The last chapter gathers the discussion and main conclusions of the research. The main research objectives and questions are reviewed and discussed and so are the specific lessons learned from the SMart case about the potential of the cultural sector for adapting possible solutions to contexts different to the ones where they originated. Then, some recommendations both for policy-makers at EU and local level and practitioners follow, including for SMart members, umbrella organization in the field of culture and social and solidarity economy organizations. Lastly, a discussion about limitations of the research and possible contributions is offered with a view on suggesting some valuable avenues for future research efforts. ; [spa] El objetivo de esta tesis es explorar cómo en un contexto de transiciones económicas, políticas, sociales y ambientales, SMart, una empresa social cultural y artística (ESCA), ha creado un modelo relevante que contribuye a mitigar la precariedad laboral estructural de artistas y creadores. Se considera SMart como una solución que emana del propio sector cultural con la capacidad de abordar también otros desafíos relacionados con nociones cambiantes sobre el papel y el lugar que deben ocupar artistas y creadores en la sociedad. Las empresas sociales que surgen del sector cultural y desarrollan su actividad en él constituyen una respuesta institucional específica capaz de ofrecer respuestas innovadoras a desafíos laborales a los que se enfrentan los trabajadores de la cultura y artistas a la hora de luchar contra la precariedad. Las empresas sociales encuentran sus raíces en la economía social y solidaria y ocupan un lugar único entre el mercado, la sociedad civil y el sector público, lo que las coloca en una posición crítica: según la lógica, los actores y los contextos en juego, las empresas sociales pueden garantizar el interés general a distintos niveles gracias a su misión social y su sostenibilidad a través de la participación real de todos sus grupos de interés, así como la realización de actividades económicas coherentes con su misión. Es en el ámbito de este tipo de sostenibilidad y participación que surge la innovación social transformadora. Aunque ya existían bajo distintas fórmulas y denominaciones, las empresas sociales comenzaron a recibir apoyo de las administraciones públicas en Europa hace tres décadas, desarrollándose en primer lugar bajo los auspicios de los responsables políticos gracias a su eficacia a la hora de abordar las necesidades de grupos sociales desfavorecidos. Más recientemente, grupos de ciudadanos interesados en promover el interés general en diversas áreas de actividad o en el marco de iniciativas que contribuyen a las transiciones anteriormente mencionadas, también han asumido este potencial de transformación que ofrecen las empresas sociales. La cultura constituye una de estas áreas de actividad y es justo ahí que surgen las ESCA, a pesar de la dificultad de articular innovación y cultura de manera que se genere transformación social extensible a todos los ciudadanos. La tesis se divide en siete capítulos e incluye cuatro anexos. El primer capítulo introductorio comienza por establecer el contexto de la investigación, es decir, los desafíos que las transiciones del siglo XXI suponen para la cultura y cómo los actores culturales están articulando respuestas viables y sostenibles en respuesta a esos desafíos. Paso seguido se presenta el caso de estudio propuesto, SMart y su proceso de expansión geográfica en toda Europa. A continuación, se describen los cinco objetivos de investigación que impulsan el estudio y las hipótesis asociadas a dos de ellos. La metodología utilizada se introduce en este capítulo, aunque se incluye una explicación detallada sobre el diseño de la investigación en el Anexo 1. Los siguientes tres capítulos describen las principales nociones y teorías que enmarcan la investigación: empresa social e innovación social (capítulo 2); la compleja relación entre empresa social e innovación (social) con la cultura y las artes (capítulo 3); y la difusión de la innovación (social), con acento en la adaptación y replicación de las empresas sociales (capítulo 4). El capítulo 5 se adentra en la fuente o empresa social madre (SMartbe) que se encuentra en el centro del proceso de expansión incluido en la investigación. También resume las principales etapas que conforman el lanzamiento de la plataforma europea, SMarteu, que reúne las diversas oficinas nacionales SMart en nueve países. El capítulo finaliza con la evaluación de la estrategia de expansión basada en el análisis estadístico de los datos. El capítulo 6 se abre con la descripción de los criterios aplicados para seleccionar los casos de tres países (Austria, España y Hungría). Después se realiza un análisis general contextual y se describen los procesos nacionales de implementación de SMart. El análisis del marco institucional en los tres países incluye el desarrollo de la sociedad civil, el tercer sector y la empresa social, así como el campo cultural. Cada análisis nacional finaliza con algunas conclusiones sobre el contexto y las repercusiones para el lanzamiento de SMart. Luego, cada experiencia nacional de SMart (SMartat, SMartib y SMarthu) se analiza en detalle enfatizando su historia, el funcionamiento y los servicios ofrecidos, y reflexionando sobre las lecciones aprendidas y las perspectivas para el futuro. El último capítulo ofrece una discusión en relación a las principales conclusiones de la investigación. Para ello, se repasan y discuten los principales objetivos, preguntas e hipótesis de partida así como las lecciones específicas aprendidas del caso SMart sobre el potencial del sector cultural para adaptar posibles soluciones a contextos diferentes a aquellos en los que se originaron. A continuación, se formulan una serie de recomendaciones destinadas a los responsables políticos a nivel europeo y local, así como a profesionales de la propia SMart, de organizaciones paraguas de la cultura y de organizaciones de la economía social y solidaria. Por último, se ofrece una discusión sobre las limitaciones de la investigación realizada y sus posibles contribuciones con el fin de sugerir algunas ideas prometedoras para futuras iniciativas de investigación.

The aim of this thesis is to explore how in a context of economic, political, social and environmental transitions, SMart, a cultural and artistic social enterprise (CASE), has developed a relevant model to contribute to mitigate the structural labor precariousness of artists and creators. We study SMart as a solution emanating from within the cultural sector that is also able to address other challenges related to changing notions of the role and place of artists and creators in society. Social enterprises emanating from and active in the cultural sector constitute a specific institutional arrangement that offers innovative labor arrangements for cultural workers and artists to fight against precariousness. Social enterprises are embedded in the social and solidarity economy and stand at the crossroads of markets, civil society, and the public, which places them in a critical position: depending on the logic, actors, and contexts at play, social enterprises can ensure to varying degrees the general interest through their social mission, their sustainability via the real participation of all their stakeholders and the carrying out of economic activities that are fully consistent with their mission. It is within this type of sustainability and participation that transformative social innovation can emerge. Even though they already existed under different forms and names, social enterprises began to be noticed by public administrations in Europe three decades ago and they developed firstly under the auspices of policy-makers as a result of their effectiveness in tackling the needs of disadvantaged groups. More recently, groups of citizens working for the general interest across various activity areas or within transitions-enabling initiatives have also embraced the transformational potential of social enterprises. Culture is one of the activity areas where CASE are appearing despite the difficulty of articulating innovation and culture in a way that facilitates social transformation for all citizens. The thesis is ...

Smart government is the next generation of the e-government that touching people closely in the perception of service quality. Although, the existing a varies of models that able to measure the level of normal quality, but there is a lack of the models that most needed for measuring the quality of Smart Government Services However, to build a smart government, it is crucial to take the quality into consideration. This paper aims o customized quality model for smart government. Building such quality model will be based on the available software quality models for smart government portals. To achieve the aims of the research, it was critical to analysis and obtain the intersection of the variable and sub variable form the key related models (McCall's,Boehm, Dromey, FURPS and the ISO 9126 Quality Model. It will consist of the most appropriate and related quality characteristics and sub characteristics. The key finding has indicated the importance of conducting practical study for proposing novel model for these purposes

The reform of the pension system is a cardinal and noteworthy subject in all countries of the European Union (EU), particularly the Visegrád Four. Visegrád Four are the four central European post-communist countries, the Czech Republic, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Poland and the Slovak Republic – the issue of ageing society and the problems of its pension systems' is often discussed in myriad scientific meetings. These economic and social challenges necessitate long-term government strategies, which need to be modelled, simulated (tested and verified). The study shows the numbers and the problems of the state pension system of Visegrád Four, particularly with regard to the main problems of Hungarian social security system is based on the expected population and demographic statistics. The study is based on statistical projections, it includes an attachment of the results of a questionnaire-based behavioural economics research, a presentation of a vision of pension expenses and pension standards in EU and Hungary.

Smart government is the next generation of the e-government that touching people closely in the perception of service quality. Although, the existing a varies of models that able to measure the level of normal quality, but there is a lack of the models that most needed for measuring the quality of Smart Government Services However, to build a smart government, it is crucial to take the quality into consideration. This paper aims o customized quality model for smart government. Building such quality model will be based on the available software quality models for smart government portals. To achieve the aims of the research, it was critical to analysis and obtain the intersection of the variable and sub variable form the key related models (McCall's,Boehm, Dromey, FURPS and the ISO 9126 Quality Model. It will consist of the most appropriate and related quality characteristics and sub characteristics. The key finding has indicated the importance of conducting practical study for proposing novel model for these purposes