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Cambodia. Rwanda. Armenia. Nazi Germany. History remembers these places as the sites of unspeakable crimes against humanity, and indisputably, of genocide. Yet, throughout the twentieth century, the world has seen many instances of violence committed by states against certain groups within their borders--from the colonial ethnic cleansing the Germans committed against the Herero tribe in Africa, to the Katyn Forest Massacre, in which the Soviets shot over 20,000 Poles, to anti-communist mass murders in 1960s Indonesia. Are mass crimes against humanity like these still genocide? And how can an understanding of crime and criminals shed new light on how genocide--the "crime of all crimes"--Transpires? In The Crime of All Crimes, criminologist Nicole Rafter takes an innovative approach to the study of genocide by comparing eight diverse genocides--large-scale and small; well-known and obscure--through the lens of criminal behavior. Rafter explores different models of genocidal activity, reflecting on the popular use of the Holocaust as a model for genocide and ways in which other genocides conform to different patterns. For instance, Rafter questions the assumption that only ethnic groups are targeted for genocidal "cleansing," and she also urges that actions such as genocidal rape be considered alongside traditional instances of genocidal violence. Further, by examining the causes of genocide on different levels, Rafter is able to construct profiles of typical victims and perpetrators and discuss means of preventing genocide, in addition to delving into the social psychology of genocidal behavior and the ways in which genocides are brought to an end. A sweeping and innovative investigation into the most tragic of events in the modern world, The Crime of All Crimes will fundamentally change how we think about genocide in the present day

Introduction -- Reading and understanding research -- Ethics in criminal justice research -- Causation, experimental, and quasi-experimental designs -- Pre-experimental, longitudinal, and cross-sectional designs -- Measurement, validity, and reliability -- Measuring Crime: The UCR, NIBRS, and NCV -- Sampling -- Surveys and interviews -- Field research -- Less obtrusive methods -- Policy analysis and program evaluation.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. A Divided Criminology -- 2. The Scope of the Discipline -- 3. Determinism versus Agency -- 4. The Nature of Human Nature -- 5. The Nature of Society -- 6. The Nature of Reality -- 7. A Unified Criminology -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Name Index -- Subject Index -- About the Author

Experimental criminology is a part of a larger and increasingly expanding scientific research and evidence-based movement in social policy. The essays in this volume report on new and innovative contributions that experimental criminology is making to basic scientific knowledge and public policy. Contributors explore cutting-edge experimental and quasi-experimental methods and their application to important and topical issues in criminology and criminal justice, including neurological predictors of violence, peer influence on delinquency, routine activities and capable guardianship, early childhood prevention programs, hot spots policing, and correctional treatment for juvenile and adult offenders. It is the first book to examine the full scope of experimental criminology, from experimental tests - in the field and in the laboratory - of criminological theories and concepts to experimental and quasi-experimental evaluations of crime prevention and criminal justice interventions

Although intervention and campaigning have long been integral to critical criminology, in recent years, criminal justice activism has taken new directions and gathered momentum, especially with the advent of digital technologies and social media. These have made it easier than ever for ordinary citizens and professional journalists alike to comment on perceived injustices and potentially intervene in formal criminal justice processes. The Emerald International Handbook of Activist Criminology examines the history of both recent and more established justice campaigns and interventions. Spanning contributions from activists, activist academics, and practitioners from five continents, chapters address a range of criminological perspectives that engage in questions of effecting change through activism. Contributors also consider prominent international issues including feminist criminology, juvenile justice, migrant rights, corporate and state crime, indigenous rights, green/environmental criminology, sentencing and wrongful conviction, the harms of prisons, corrections and abolitionism, and justice for victim/survivors of harm and crime. Collectively, The Emerald International Handbook of Activist Criminology explores the contemporary terrain around new and emergent issues and forms of activism, and offers cutting edge conceptualizations of the methodological and practical applications of activist engagement, solidarity, and resistance.

Crime and criminal justice processes -- Afghanistan: state and non-state oriented criminal justice systems -- Bangladesh : issues and introspections on crime and criminal justice -- Bhutan : penal laws, crimes and criminal justice processes -- India : a historical perspective of criminal justice system -- Maldives : towards the reformation of criminal justice system -- Nepal : institutions in the criminal justice system and the need for reforms -- Pakistan : criminal justice processes and issues of crime, policing, judiciary, and prisons -- Sri Lanka : criminal justice system and rule of law -- Historical perspectives of crime and justice -- Criminal justice tenets in manusmriti : a critical appraisal of the Ancient Indian Hindu Code -- Witchcraft accusation, victimization and demonology in Nepal -- Crime and justice in ancient South India (Sangam age) : gleanings from Tamil literature -- Goondas of Calcutta : crimes and policing in the colonial India -- Opium production in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan : historical milieu and counter measures -- Homicide in ancient, medieval, British and contemporary India -- Politics of crime and justice -- Terror and trafficking in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India : a routine activity approach -- War, crime, justice and social order in Afghanistan -- Organised crime, gangs and the complexity of group offending in Bangladesh -- War crimes in Sri Lanka -- Madaris and suicide terrorism in Pakistan : is there an association? -- Post-conflict crime and violence in Nepal : trends, dynamics and drivers -- Religious terrorism in Bangladesh : patterns, trends and causes -- Crime and justice policies -- Human trafficking in South Asia : regional cooperation and responses -- Religious, societal reflection and rights of transgender in India -- Transitional justice processes in Bangladesh -- "Nirbhaya incident" and juvenile justice policies in India : a situational analysis -- Crime among young offenders in Bhutan : trends, factors and determinants -- Victims and victimization -- Women victims of war and crime in Afghanistan -- Human trafficking in Nepal : a victimological perspective -- Political crime victimization in Bangladesh -- Traditional practices and victimization of women in Nepal : the case of Chhaupadi -- Rohingyas in Myanmar and Bangladesh : an examination of collective and secondary victimization -- Conclusion.

This edited collection focuses on the sociology of 'social censure' - the sociological term advocated by Colin Sumner in his seminal writing of the 1980s and 1990s. Social censure has become increasingly important in contemporary criminological writing. This can especially be seen in recent writing on gender and race and also in terms of the way that the state's relationship to crime is now understood. This collection addresses a deficit in the published literature and both revisits themes from an earlier era and looks forward to the development of new writing that develops Sumner's seminal work on social censure. The contributors are drawn from leading scholars from across the Social Sciences and Law and they address a wide range of issues such as: race, youth justice, policing, welfare, and violence. The resulting volume is an interdisciplinary text which will be of special interest to scholars and students of Critical Criminology and Socio-Legal Studies, as well as those interested in the operation of the criminal justice system and criminological theory.

Crime and emotions -- Male violence against women in intimate relationships : the contribution of stress and male peer support / Walter S. Dekeseredy -- The role of emotions for female co-offenders / Charlotte Barlow -- American self-radicalising terrorists and conversions to radical action : emotional factors and the allure of "jihadi cool/chic" / Caroline Joan "Kay" S. Picart -- "Violence is difficult, not easy" : the emotion dynamics of mass atrocities / Susanne Karstedt -- Punishment and emotions -- "45 colour photographs" : images, emotions and the victim of domestic violence / Dawn Moore with Stephanie Lizon -- Punitiveness and the emotions of punishment : between solidarity and hostility / Anastasia Chamberlen and Henrique Carvalho -- Capital punishment and the emotional public sphere in mid-20th century Britain / Lizzie Seal -- Doing criminology as emotion work -- Prison life as "emotion culture" : reflections on some of the emotional challenges of conducting prison ethnography / Michael Hviid Jacobsen and Dorte Raaby Andersen -- Witnessing, responsibility and spectatorship in the aftermath of violence : reflections from Srebrenica / Elizabeth Cook -- Death justice : navigating contested death in the digital age / Rebecca Scott Bray -- "Feeling criminology" : learning from emotions in criminological research / Stephen Wakeman -- Postscript: concluding thoughts : some lessons from being "liminal" / Sandra Walklate -- Index.

Frontiers in Developmental and Life-Course Criminology advances the field of developmental and life-course criminology (DLC) and opens up new possibilities for the future of DLC research, orienting the DLC field as one that prioritises the achievement of better outcomes for individuals and society

Introduction: Horizons, Issues and Relationships in Green Criminology / Avi Brisman and Nigel South. -- Part I: History, Theory and Methods. A Guide to a Green Criminology / Nigel South, Avi Brisman, and Piers Beirne ; Reflections on Green Criminology and its Boundaries: Comparing Environmental and Criminal Victimization and Considering Crime from an Eco-city Perspective / Michael J. Lynch ; The Ordinary Acts that Contribute to Ecocide: A Criminological Analysis / Robert Agnew ; The Contemporary Horizon of Green Criminology / Lorenzo Natali ; Innovative Approaches to Researching Environmental Crime / Diane Heckenberg and Rob White. -- Part II: International and Transnational Issues for a Green Criminology. Conservation Criminology and the "General Accident" of Climate Change / Mark Halsey ; The Criminogenic Consequences of Climate Change: Blurring the Boundaries between Offenders and Victims / Matthew Hall and Stephen Farrall ; Air Crimes and Atmospheric Justice / Reece Walters ; Crude Laws: Treadmill of Production and State Variations in Civil and Criminal Liability for Oil Discharges in Navigable Waters / Matthew B. Greife and Paul B. Stretesky ; Food Crime: A Green Criminology Perspective / Hazel Croall ; Nature for Rehabilitating Offenders and Facilitating Therapeutic Outcomes for Youth at Risk / Jules Pretty, Carly Wood, Rachel Hine and Jo Barton. -- Part III: Region-Specific Problems: Some Case Studies. The Amazon Rainforest: A Green Criminological Perspective / Tim Boekhout van Solinge and Karlijn Kuijpers ; The Control of Conflict Minerals in Africa and a Preliminary Assessment of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Act / Richard D. Clark ; Green Issues in South-Eastern Europe / Katja Eman and Gorazd Meško. -- Part IV: Relationships in Green Criminology: Environment and Economy. Eco-Global Criminology and the Political Economy of Environmental Harm / Rob White ; The Environment and the Crimes of the Economy / Vincenzo Ruggiero ; Evading Responsibility for Green Harm: State-Corporate Exploitation of Race, Class, and Gender Inequality / Emily Gaarder ; Public Perceptions of Corporate Environmental Crime: Assessing the Impact of Economic Insecurity on Willingness to Impose Punishment for Pollution / Tara O'Connor Shelley and Michael J. Hogan. -- Part V: Relationships in Green Criminology: Humans and Non-Human Species ; Uncovering the Significance of and Motivation for Wildlife Trafficking / Tanya Wyatt ; Victimisation of Women, Children and Non-Human Species Through Trafficking and Trade: Crimes Understood Through an Ecofeminist Perspective / Ragnhild Sollund ; Environmental Justice, Animal Rights, and Total Liberation: From Conflict and Distance to Points of Common Focus / David N. Pellow. -- Part VI: Relationships in Green Criminology: Environment and Culture. Tangled Up in Green: Cultural Criminology and Green Criminology / Jeff Ferrell ; "This is the North, Where We Do What We Want:" Popular Green Criminology and "Little Red Riding Hood" Films / Steven Kohm and Pauline Greenhill ; Coastline Conflict: Implementing Environmental Law in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil / Stephanie Kane ; Matter All Over the Place: Litter, Criminology and Criminal Justice / Nic Groombridge ; Conclusion: The Planned Obsolescence of Planet Earth? How Green Criminology Can Help Us Learn From Experience and Contribute to Our Future / Avi Brisman and Nigel South.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction: Police Violence -- 1. Understanding Police Violence -- 2. Deterrence, Rational Choice, Victimization, and Lifestyle Theories -- 3. Individual-Level Theories -- 4. Social Structure Theories -- 5. Social Process Theories -- 6. Societal Conflict and Legitimacy Theories -- 7. Integrationist Perspectives -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index