The ongoing institutional changes indicate of the growing role of the social economy in the structure of the market economy of European countries. The article analyzes the challenges for the development of the social economy at the present stage, which arise both in the EU countries and in Ukraine. The author summarizes the trends of the social economy development at the present stage and substantiates the priorities for the development of the social economy in Ukraine. Author justifies algorithm of the implementation of the development of the social economy priorities. The directions of stimulating the development of the social economy in Ukraine are highlighted based on the generalization of the practice and experience of the European Union on institutional support for the development of the social economy.
Introduction. With the development of socio-economic relations, there is a need to rethink the essence of social incentives in terms of creating conditions for an adequate standard of living, since the impact of social security on the behaviour and activities of people is multifaceted and complex. Social security belongs to the socio-economic sphere of life.Purpose is to identify areas for mobilizing social incentives for effective economic development.Methods. Methods used in the article: theoretical analysis and synthesis of the material.Results. The prospects of mobilizing the main money in a market economy are studied, and the main solvent demand is the money of the population. The author proves that if we want to develop dynamically, then we first need to accelerate the effective demand of the population, and for this, the entire economy of the country should turn to face the person.Originality. It is proposed to create conditions for the citizens of Ukraine to earn more, namely: through the promotion of social policy, whose task is to always push the size of minimum wages and minimum pensions, all the time enriching the subsistence minimum, on which the size of the minimum wage and the minimum pension is oriented . It is proved that such a way of mobilizing incentives for development is particularly relevant, since we simply lack a conscious policy of raising the minimum wage.Conclusion. If we follow today's trends of state regulation of the socio-economic life of society, then the government's increasing role in regulating the social sphere is clearly visible. The state at the expense of the budget provides assistance to the disadvantaged - the disabled, the unemployed, the elderly - mainly on a targeted basis.
The present article is devoted to the problems of inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The concept and essence of inclusion are studied from the point of view of the theory of social comprehension (of the essence of inclusive group), dynamics of social structure and social interactions. The inclusion is divided into social and educational forms according to the modern approaches to considering types of inclusion. The main forms of inclusion are analyzed from the point of view of pedagogical and social sciences. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The comparative analysis of the categories «integration» and «inclusion» is carried out and the main common and distinctive features of these categories are determined in the article. It is said that social inclusion can be analyzed only in context of social exclusion, because they are both parts of the same social process. The potential of such further analysis are researched. The peculiarities of the process of social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society are analyzed. The main characteristics of social inclusion are described in the article on the basis of analysis of modern scientific literature. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in social work and social science. From the point of view of socio-pedagogical science social inclusion is analyzed as democratic action about comprehension somebody or the whole social group into some activity or cultural process. Social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society becomes social mechanism, some kind of an instrument, aimed at overcoming the barriers and constraints on the path to social well-being, which radically changes the existing state social politics. The results of the research are used in the social work, pedagogical and social sciences. Key words: inclusion, social inclusion, educational inclusion, social exclusion, social inclusion in social work. ; У статті розглянуто поняття та сутність інклюзії у сучасному українському суспільстві. Наведено характеристику основних форм інклюзії, соціальної та освітньої, в сучасній Україні. Основну увагу приділено поняттю та сутності соціальної інклюзії, а також здійснено порівняльний аналіз понять «інклюзія» та «інтеграція», з метою визначення спільних та відмінних рис даних процесів. З метою обґрунтування поняття та сутності соціальної інклюзії у соціальній роботі проаналізовано та узагальнено підходи до визначення соціального включення. Ключові слова: інклюзія, соціальна інклюзія, освітня інклюзія, соціальна ексклюзія, соціальна інклюзія у соціальній роботі. В статье рассмотрено понятие и сущность инклюзии в современном украинском обществе. Дана характеристика основных форм инклюзии, социальной и образовательной, в современной Украине. Основное внимание уделено понятию и сущности социальной инклюзии, а также осуществлен сравнительный анализ понятий «инклюзия» и «интеграция», с целью определения общих и отличительных черт данных процессов. С целью обоснования понятия и сущности социальной инклюзии в социальной работе проанализированы и обобщены подходы к определению социального включения. Ключевые слова: инклюзия, социальная инклюзия, образовательная инклюзия, социальная эксклюзия, социальная инклюзия в социальной работе. The present article is devoted to the problems of inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The concept and essence of inclusion are studied from the point of view of the theory of social comprehension (of the essence of inclusive group), dynamics of social structure and social interactions. The inclusion is divided into social and educational forms according to the modern approaches to considering types of inclusion. The main forms of inclusion are analyzed from the point of view of pedagogical and social sciences. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society. The comparative analysis of the categories «integration» and «inclusion» is carried out and the main common and distinctive features of these categories are determined in the article. It is said that social inclusion can be analyzed only in context of social exclusion, because they are both parts of the same social process. The potential of such further analysis are researched. The peculiarities of the process of social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society are analyzed. The main characteristics of social inclusion are described in the article on the basis of analysis of modern scientific literature. Special attention is given to the social inclusion in social work and social science. From the point of view of socio-pedagogical science social inclusion is analyzed as democratic action about comprehension somebody or the whole social group into some activity or cultural process. Social inclusion in modern Ukrainian society becomes social mechanism, some kind of an instrument, aimed at overcoming the barriers and constraints on the path to social well-being, which radically changes the existing state social politics. The results of the research are used in the social work, pedagogical and social sciences. Key words: inclusion, social inclusion, educational inclusion, social exclusion, social inclusion in social work.
The article is devoted to the idea of humanization of education, science, politics, power, and society. The author determines the main approaches towards formation of humanistic paradigm of 21st century, the ways of its realization, and the factors of humanization of society in the context of contemporary progress of humankind. ; У статті аналізуються концепції гуманізаціїосвіти, науки, політики, влади,суспільства; обґрунтовуються концептуальніпідходи до формування гуманістичноїпарадигми XXI століття; основнінапрямки реалізації гуманізації політики,влади, суспільства; шляхи формування гуманітарноїпарадигми суспільства, факторигуманізації суспільства в контекстісучасного цивілізованого прогресу людства
The work is devoted to consideration from sociology perspective the social values in police cadets' social competence structure. The definition of social competence is based on norm and values of professional group members, i.e. police cadets, who is an object of study. Social competence reveals itself and develops in social interaction and therefore ultimately determines the cadets' ability to establish successful ways of interpersonal cooperation. In the article the personal value orientations of police cadets within police educational institutions were examined. The range of social values immanent to police activity was outlined, such as respect for human rights and tolerance. Tolerance in police perspective is considered as rejection of violence and eradication of any forms of racism and xenophobia. The personal values of police cadets were associated with level of tolerance, as a main foundation of democratic society, the principles which police officer has to exercise on and off duty. Additionally, it was clarified that for police officer the professional knowledge and skills in establishing fruitful cooperation, especially with community are indispensible. The social competence likewise tolerance becomes apparent in attainment by individual the social goals. The analysis of social values role in the structure of police cadets' social competence and the relations between social values and social environment of police educational institution were carried out. The quota sample from total quantity of police cadets in amount of 228 cadets was made up. The sample consisted of two groups from each year of study. Before the main survey implementation, we conducted the preliminary study of our sample in order to clarify the cadets understanding regarding the meaning of tolerance and its application in police work. In order to find out the ways of value component formation in the structure of social competence the training was performed for one group of each year with utilization of various exercises. The remained groups went through normal study process. Afterwards, we conducted comparative analysis. The experimental measuring of value component of police cadets' social competence and received data analyses showed that better results on mature value component in experimental groups, which indicates the necessity of purposeful formation of social competence within police educational institution. ; У статті розглянуто ціннісні орієнтації особистості у курсантів вищих навчальних закладів МВС України. Проведено аналіз ролі цінностей у структурі соціальної компетентності курсантів, зв'язку цінностей із соціальним середовищем навчального закладу. Зроблено експериментальний вимір ціннісного компоненту соціальної компетентності курсантів та аналіз отриманих даних.
Стаття присвячена аналізу й визначенню основних підходів до поняття «професійна культура» у сучасній науці. Проаналізовано основні наукові дослідження, пов'язані з даною темою. Розглянуто структуру професійної культури та її особливостей залежно від обраної професії. Визначено критерії формування й рівні сформованості професійної культури в майбутніх фахівців. У статті вказано на особливе місце професійної культури у структурі загальної культури особистості та суспільства в цілому. ; The article is devoted to the place of a professional culture in the modern science. The aim of the article is to analyze and to find main approaches to the term "professional culture" in a scientific world; to determine the constituents of a future professional's culture. The phenomenon of professional culture was analyzed by many leading specialists in the sphere of sociology, economic sociology and sociology of culture (N. B. Krilova, N. P. Lukashewich, D. Markevich, G. M. Socolova). In the structure of professional culture it is possible to select a culture ethics, economic, political, legal, informative, which naturally with the different degree of perfection fill maintenance of professional culture of the representatives of different professions. But for the representative of a certain profession each of the adopted components may play a decision role, or have a second-rate value. Under the criteria of forming of the professional culture of a specialist substantial signs which testify to achievement of that or other level of formation of professional culture of a specialist are considered. A level is a degree of formation of a professional culture, a certain result of development; criteria are measuring devices of levels. Between them dynamic connection is certain, if to expose it, it is possible to produce the most optimum system of criteria. Professional moral is the phenomenon that specifies common to all mankind moral values (norms, principles, concepts) in concrete professions. The features of professional moral are studied by professional ethics. When it is talked about professional ethics, we mean such moral duties, in which attitude of a representative of a certain profession is reflected toward the object, to the colleagues in a profession, to the partners, to society on the whole. Professional activity must be directed at the achievement of two aims: individual and public ones, which are in co-operation. It develops the business, and it assists development of the society. For the labor the person must get a good pay, be held in respect, and feel that people value his professional talent. Then a man will feel satisfied with life. And, on the opposite, dissatisfaction can result in subzero lines of the professional activity. Understanding it, many companies, firms, organizations take measures in relation to creation in the collectives of such moral psychological climate, which would be instrumental in professional growth of the workers, establishment of confiding relations, in intercourse between colleagues, attention to the official etiquette of the workers.
Modern country has a variety of political confl icts, as confl icts over the choice of strategy and the main vectors of social development, language. Social and political con-fl icts arising from the redistribution of power. Confl ict, defi ned by their sharpness, real and potential consequences. However, the general approach to the study of confl ict in various scientifi c theories reveals from various angles and approaches to their solution. In the process of explaining the dynamic changes that occur in confl ict situations, stands the positive role of confl ict in the community.The current situation in Ukraine is a feature to consider confl icts where many causes of confl icts within the policy becomes politicized due to the speculative use of political par-ties and movements, historical, cultural, spiritual problems present in their interests. This is particularly pertinent issue of bilingualism in Ukraine, measurement of certain historical events and personalities interfaith relations. In modern Ukrainian reality this kind of political confl icts plays a signifi cant role, as confl icts over the choice of strategy and the main vectors of social development, particularly among supporters of liberal and social-oriented strategy, European integration and pro-Russian, Ukraine's entry into NATO and the preservation of the non-aligned status of the Ukrainian state.Keywords: confl ict, social confl ict, struggle, confl ict theory. ; У сучасній Україні існує різновид політичних конфліктів, як конфлікти з приводу вибору стратегії та головних векторів суспільного розвитку, мови. Соціально-політичні конфлікти виникають з приводу перерозподілу влади, визначається їхня гострота, реальні та можливі наслідки. Проте загалом підхід до вивчення соціальних конфліктів у теоріях різних науковців розкрито з різних кутів зору та підходів до їхнього вирішення. У динамічному поясненні процесу змін, які відбуваються у конфліктних ситуаціях, виділяється позитивна роль конфлікту в житті суспільства.Ключові слова: конфлікт, соціальний конфлікт, боротьба, теорія конфлікту.
У статті розглядається один з різновидів дослідницької аналітичної технології – кейс методика, як методика активного, евристичного навчання, відмінною рисою якої є створення проблемної ситуації на основі фактів з реального життя. Обґрунтовується доцільність застосування кейс-методики в курсі політології, враховуючи її переваги порівняно з традиційними методиками навчання. ; The article considers one of the types of research analytical technology case study method, as the technique is active, heuristic learning, the hallmark of which is to create a problem situation based on the facts of real life. The expediency of the use of case methods in political science course, given its advantages in comparison with traditional teaching methods.
Modern countries face a variety of political confl icts, as confl icts over the choice of strategy and the main vectors of social development, language. Social and political confl icts arising from the redistribution of power. Confl icts vary by their sharpness, real and potential consequences. Confl ict analysis is a crucial tool for understanding social and political processes, and for guiding confl ict management and decision-making toward the peaceful and constructive transformation of confl icts. If it is managed through dialogue and negotiation, and its structural and circumstantial causes are addressed, confl ict may offer an opportunity for realizing changes that are required to make society more fair and equitable. However, the general approach to the study of confl ict in various scientifi c theories reveals from various angles and approaches to their solution. Social confl ict itself is not necessarily negative. In many cases, it expresses a certain common sense regarding the potential and the limitations of the processes of development. the central problem is not that confl ict occurs in society today, but rather that the State lacks the necessary capacities to manage them in an effective manner. In the process of explaining the dynamic changes that occur in confl ict situations, stands the positive role of confl ict in the community. Many confl icts tend to grow because there is a lack of institutional frameworks which are capable of providing platforms for dialogue and negotiation.Keywords: confl ict, social confl ict, struggle, confl ict theory. ; У сучасній країні існують такі різновиди політичних конфліктів, як конфлікти з приводу вибору стратегії та головних векторів суспільного розвитку та статусу державної мови. Соціально-політичні конфлікти виникають з приводу перерозподілу влади, визначається їх гострота, реальні та можливі наслідки. Підхід до вивчення соціальних конфліктів у теоріях різних науковців розкрито з різних кутів зору та підходів до їх вирішення. У динамічному поясненні процесу змін, які відбуваються в конфліктних ситуаціях, виділяється позитивна роль конфлікту в житті суспільства.Ключові слова: конфлікт, соціальний конфлікт, теорія конфлікту.
Термін «популізм» походить від латинського слова populus, яке означає на-род, відповідно використовується в більшості європейських мов. Цей термін далекий від однозначного визначення, оскільки його активно використовують не лише науковці, а й політики, журналісти, прості громадяни з широкого кола історичних і сучасних явищ, досить часто у відмінних контекстах. Тому, важко говорити про єдиний, універсальний варіант популізму на рівні доктрини і рівні суспільного чи політичного руху. Популізм буде вдалим варіантом для проведення виборчих кампаній. Адже людям завжди подобаються прості і зрозумілі речі без зайвого навантаження. Там вже допомагає людська логіка і домисли. А потім популізм «підживлює» авторитарних лідерів. Це вдала комбінація для особистого самовираження і захисту власного Его. А ще популізм допомагає диктаторам тримати владу у своїх руках. Це як панацея для розквіту «декоративної демократії» та ілюзорних цивільних прав. Своєрідним позитивним повідомленням популізму достатньо часто є абстрактна вимога повернення влади народу внаслідок усунення від влади актуальних в конкретний момент людей, груп, політичних сил і передачу влади «дійсним» представникам народу. Згідно популізм прагне коригувати, вносити зміни до прийнятих правила гри, виходячи тільки з позиції інтересу власної політичної сили, без урахування інтересів інших політичних акторів. ; The term «populism» is derived from the Latin word populus, which means people respectively used in most European languages. This term is far from unambiguous definition because it is actively used not only scientists, but also politicians, journalists, ordinary citizens on a wide range of historical and contemporary events , often in different contexts. Therefore, it is difficult to speak of a single, universal version of populism at the level of doctrine and social or political movement. Populism is a good option for election campaigns. After all, people always like simple and understandable way without undue burden. There is already helping human logic and speculation. Later populism «fueled» autocrats. This successful combination for personal expression and the protection of their own ego. And populist dictators helps keep power in their hands. It's like a panacea to flourish «decorative democracy» illusory and civil rights. However , the appeal of various political forces to the people , and even more speculation name of the people, not populism . The amplitude of the term in Western science is so great that it makes it difficult to develop a scientific definition. The path to enlightenment is through the issue of populism study the specificity of each phenomenon called populist. A kind of positive message of populism is often abstract demand the return of people power as a result of the removal from power of current at a particular time , groups , political parties and the transfer of power « true « representatives of the people . According populism seeks to correct , amend the rules adopted on the basis only of interest position his political force , disregarding the interests of other political actors. ; Термин «популизм» происходит от латинского слова populus , которое оз-начает народ , соответственно используется в большинстве европейских языков. Этот термин далек от однозначного определения, поскольку его активно используют не только ученые, но и политики, журналисты, простые граждане по широкому кругу исторических и современных явлений, довольно часто в отличных контекстах. Поэтому, трудно говорить о едином, универсальный вариант популизма на уровне доктрины и уровни общественного или политического движения. Популизм будет удачным вариантом для проведения избирательных кампаний. Ведь людям всегда нравятся простые и понятные вещи без излишней нагрузки. Там уже помогает человеческая логика и домыслы. А потом популизм «подпитывает» авторитарных лидеров. Это удачная комбинация для личного самовыражения и защиты собственного Эго. А еще популизм помогает диктаторам держать власть в своих руках. Это как панацея для расцвета «декоративной демократии» и иллюзорных гражданских прав. Своеобразным положительным сообщению популизма достаточно часто является абстрактная требование возврата властей народа вследствие устранения от власти актуальных в конкретный момент людей, групп, политических сил и передачу власти «действительным» представителям народа. Согласно популизм стремится корректировать, вносить изменения в принятые правила игры, исходя только из позиции интереса собственной политической силы, без учета интересов других политических актеров
The purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the main stages of life and social activity of O.A. Tyshchynskyi (1835–1896), who largely contributed to the development of civil society, local government, education, science and culture in Chernihiv region. The scientific novelty of the publication is related to the use of newly discovered sources and historiographical studies, analyzed on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and comprehensiveness with the help of modern methodological tools. Conclusions. The involved source base allowed to find out the directions of multifaceted activity of O.A. Tyshchynskiy, that belonged to the liberal-democratic intelligentsia and was one of the key figures in many spheres of life in Chernihiv region and an active participant of the Ukrainian national movement in the region in the second half of the XIX c. The member of the Chernihiv hromada in the 80s and 90s of the XIX c., the member of the Chernihiv county and provincial zemstvo assemblies, Chernihiv City Duma, the chairman of the Chernihiv county zemstvo administration, honorary justice of the peace, one of the founders of the Chernihiv Public Library and leaders of the Chernihiv City Bank, O.A. Tyshchynskyi had considerable authority among contemporaries, who called his «kum» with authority. Therefore, the promulgation of the creative heritage and honoring the memory of O.A. Tyshchynskyi seems to be an urgent need.
The article provides evidence on how Richard H. Thaler has contributed to the development of behavioural economics. Particular attention is paid to the practical significance of Thaler's research papers that suggest incorporating psychologically realistic assumptions into analysis of economic decision-making. The article is specifically concerned with the growing importance of determining a range of drivers which actually rather than theoretically influence decisions in conditions of uncertainty. The study reveals in what ways limited rationality, social preferences and lack of self-control systemically affect making individual decisions, and how they influence market condition.The author considers the concept of mental accounting, which helps to explain how people simplify the process of making financial decisions by creating separate accounts in their minds and thus focusing on the narrow impact of each individual decision rather than on its overall effect. This article also shows how aversion to losses can explain why people value the same item more highly when they own it than when they don't. The idea of 'libertarian paternalism', which aims to ensure optimal choice among multiple options, is interpreted.Special attention is drawn to the fact that Richard H. Thaler has built a bridge between economic and psychological analysis of making some decisions. His empirical outcomes and theoretical conclusions play an important role in taking behavioural economics from the fringe to the academic mainstream, and have a substantial impact on research in economic and political fields.
The article deals with the economic and social effects of intellectual property crimes. The author understands the social effects of intellectual property crimes as negative and dangerous changes in public relations that result of a numerous infringements of intellectual property rights. These consequences include both the aggregate damages of the intellectual property rights holders from crimes against intellectual property and the damage caused to the state and society. The study found that accumulating negative impact on society from the functioning of the intellectual property crimes is the state of intellectual property rights insecurity, which impedes the normal development of social relations regarding the realization of intellectual property rights. The social impact of intellectual property crimes is divided into four major interrelated blocks: socio-economic, scientific, technical, international and political, and consequences for a wide range of consumers. Socio-economic consequences include direct and indirect material damage from functioning in the community intellectual property crimes. Scientific and technical implications include the damage to science and technology due to the existence of intellectual property crimes. International political implications undermine the image of the international arena due to the functioning of the phenomenon of intellectual property crimes. Consequences for a wide range of consumers are manifested in the detriment of certain interests of consumers of intellectual products.
Psychological and sociological determinants, which were formed in the new circumstances folded on the verge of the second and third millenniums and entailed the change of some of principal indicators of the political temperament inherent to the French members of parliament, were highlighted. New challenges objectively caused by the development of political pluralism and by the transience of transformation processes in economic, social and cultural spheres which in the conditions of democratic development of society were determined and accordingly directed interests of its political elite and entailed the substantial violation of some qualitative indicators of the well-known bipolar construction (left-right). The conclusion was that political temperament had been a variable quantity. Key words: political temperament, members of parliament of France, political science thought, types of temperament. ; Розкриваються психологічні та соціологічні детермінанти, які у нових обставинах, що склалися на межі другого і третього тисячоліть, спричинили зміну деяких принципових показників політичного темпераменту, притаманного французьким парламентарям. Нові виклики, об'єктивно визначені розвитком політичного плюралізму, а також швидкоплинністю трансформаційних процесів в економічній, соціальній, культурній сферах, які в умовах демократичного розвитку суспільства визначають і відповідно скеровують інтереси його політичної еліти, спричинили суттєве порушення деяких якісних показників відомої біполярної конструкції (праві-ліві). Зроблено висновок, що політичний темперамент – це змінна величина. Ключові слова: політичний темперамент, французькі парламентарі, політологічне мислення, типи темпераменту.
