Suchergebnisse

На основі розкриття змісту нормативного, інструментального (технократичного) та реалістичного (соціолого-культурологічного) підходів визначено, що ризиккомунікація відображує певний набір зв'язків, відносин і дій, що виникають у суспільстві під час сприйняття ризику, оцінки його людьми та необхідності діяти з метою мінімізації ризику або зменшення до прийнятного рівня негативних наслідків його впливу. Проведена демаркація ризик-комунікації з інформуванням про ризики, комунікативними ризиками, кризовою комунікацією. Показано, що ризик-комунікація спрямована на те, щоб переконати громадськість утриматись від ризикованої поведінки або обрати менш ризикований варіант дій. ; На основе раскрытия содержания нормативного, инструментального (технократического) и реалистического (социолого-культурологического) подходов определено, что риск-коммуникация отражает определенный набор связей, отношений и действий, возникающих в обществе при восприятии риска, оценки его людьми и необходимости действовать с целью минимизации риска или уменьшения до приемлемого уровня негативных последствий его влияния. Проведена демаркация рисккоммуникации с информированием о рисках, коммуникативными рисками, кризисной коммуникацией. Показано, что риск-коммуникация направлена на то, чтобы убедить общественность воздержаться от рискованного поведения или выбрать менее рискованный вариант действий. ; The content of the main approaches to risk communication is disclosed. In particular, according to the normative approach of risk communication is based on some of the significant ethical criteria and values, focused on ensuring the fundamental rights of civil society, build confidence and consensus. Instrumental (technocratic) approach focuses on the definition of risk communication as a kind of technology that can apply individual, group or organization to obtain advantages in achieving certain goals. Realistic (sociological and culturological) approach considers risk communication as a means of improving the quality of knowledge that is available when making decisions under uncertainty. It is emphasized that realistic imperative may be associated with pragmatic reasons, but it is aimed to achieve this result, which is consistent with common interests and values. Based on the disclosure of the content of these approaches, it is determined that risk communication reflects a certain set of contacts, relationships and actions that arise in society when perceiving risk, assessing it by people, and the need to act to minimize the risk or reduce to an acceptable level the negative consequences of its impact.Determined that risk communication is aimed at addressing the following main objectives: to make the message as accessible to all addressees could understand their meaning; provide an environment for discussion of risk issues involving all stakeholders in the democratic process aimed at resolving conflicts; create conditions in order to convince the message recipients to change their attitude to a particular type of risk. Successful risk communication depends on how the threat was identified for the implementation of communication activities. For this it is necessary to take the following steps: identification of possible collision situations; definition of situations that may trigger conflicts; determining the critical level of perception; determining the ability of information that serves an incentive for certain actions; determining the level of the motivational power of information provided; determining the level of conflict information provided; determining the level of psychological barriers of perception; determination of the ability to hear and understand information; determining the level of preparedness of criticism and black / gray PR; determining readiness to use methods of "pattern disruption"; determining the ability of media to modify and provoke opposing units; determination of a threat of lack of time mode; determining the level of professionalism and training of performers communicative action; determine the feasibility of using adequate methods, techniques, technologies.Demarcation of risk communication with information on risks, communicative risks, crisis communication was carried out. It is shown that risk communication is a purposeful process of exchanging different types of risk between the parties concerned. However this exchange is not one-sided and interactive process based on the existence and performance feedback, ensuring the mutual exchange of information. Proved that risk communication differs from communicative risks that are generated reality of risks intersection varied (permanent and temporary) factors of risks. In contrast, crisis communication, risk communication is establishing a dialogue between those at risk and those who are able to control or reduce their risk level associated with the determination of risk and is intended to convince the public to refrain from risky behavior. It was determined that the combined risk communication objective («threat») and subjective («outrage») elements.

На основі розкриття змісту нормативного, інструментального (технократичного) та реалістичного (соціолого-культурологічного) підходів визначено, що ризиккомунікація відображує певний набір зв'язків, відносин і дій, що виникають у суспільстві під час сприйняття ризику, оцінки його людьми та необхідності діяти з метою мінімізації ризику або зменшення до прийнятного рівня негативних наслідків його впливу. Проведена демаркація ризик-комунікації з інформуванням про ризики, комунікативними ризиками, кризовою комунікацією. Показано, що ризик-комунікація спрямована на те, щоб переконати громадськість утриматись від ризикованої поведінки або обрати менш ризикований варіант дій. ; На основе раскрытия содержания нормативного, инструментального (технократического) и реалистического (социолого-культурологического) подходов определено, что риск-коммуникация отражает определенный набор связей, отношений и действий, возникающих в обществе при восприятии риска, оценки его людьми и необходимости действовать с целью минимизации риска или уменьшения до приемлемого уровня негативных последствий его влияния. Проведена демаркация рисккоммуникации с информированием о рисках, коммуникативными рисками, кризисной коммуникацией. Показано, что риск-коммуникация направлена на то, чтобы убедить общественность воздержаться от рискованного поведения или выбрать менее рискованный вариант действий. ; The content of the main approaches to risk communication is disclosed. In particular, according to the normative approach of risk communication is based on some of the significant ethical criteria and values, focused on ensuring the fundamental rights of civil society, build confidence and consensus. Instrumental (technocratic) approach focuses on the definition of risk communication as a kind of technology that can apply individual, group or organization to obtain advantages in achieving certain goals. Realistic (sociological and culturological) approach considers risk communication as a means of improving the quality of knowledge that is available when making decisions under uncertainty. It is emphasized that realistic imperative may be associated with pragmatic reasons, but it is aimed to achieve this result, which is consistent with common interests and values. Based on the disclosure of the content of these approaches, it is determined that risk communication reflects a certain set of contacts, relationships and actions that arise in society when perceiving risk, assessing it by people, and the need to act to minimize the risk or reduce to an acceptable level the negative consequences of its impact.Determined that risk communication is aimed at addressing the following main objectives: to make the message as accessible to all addressees could understand their meaning; provide an environment for discussion of risk issues involving all stakeholders in the democratic process aimed at resolving conflicts; create conditions in order to convince the message recipients to change their attitude to a particular type of risk. Successful risk communication depends on how the threat was identified for the implementation of communication activities. For this it is necessary to take the following steps: identification of possible collision situations; definition of situations that may trigger conflicts; determining the critical level of perception; determining the ability of information that serves an incentive for certain actions; determining the level of the motivational power of information provided; determining the level of conflict information provided; determining the level of psychological barriers of perception; determination of the ability to hear and understand information; determining the level of preparedness of criticism and black / gray PR; determining readiness to use methods of "pattern disruption"; determining the ability of media to modify and provoke opposing units; determination of a threat of lack of time mode; determining the level of professionalism and training of performers communicative action; determine the feasibility of using adequate methods, techniques, technologies.Demarcation of risk communication with information on risks, communicative risks, crisis communication was carried out. It is shown that risk communication is a purposeful process of exchanging different types of risk between the parties concerned. However this exchange is not one-sided and interactive process based on the existence and performance feedback, ensuring the mutual exchange of information. Proved that risk communication differs from communicative risks that are generated reality of risks intersection varied (permanent and temporary) factors of risks. In contrast, crisis communication, risk communication is establishing a dialogue between those at risk and those who are able to control or reduce their risk level associated with the determination of risk and is intended to convince the public to refrain from risky behavior. It was determined that the combined risk communication objective («threat») and subjective («outrage») elements.

The article investigates the problems of development of advocacy science in Ukraine. Оn the modern stage of development of science the confession of advocacy science as the special legal science is a necessity which is predetermined objective development of scientific legal knowledge about organization of advocacy and activity of advocates.Nowadays there are different approaches to the interpretation of advocacy science. The author analyzes the definitions of such concepts as «advocacy science», «advocacy law», «advocatologie», «theory of advocacy. The article defines each of these concepts, offers individual approach to determine correlation between each other. The author distincts features of advocacy science and prouves that unequal understanding, identification of advocacy science finally makes positive influence on the development of the legislation and its application.The role of the Bar in modern society, tendencies of development of advocate activity are investigated. It is very important to improve quality of legal services rendered,to enhance the role and prestige of the Bar in society, to protect rights and legitimate interests of attorneys. The improvement of activity of advocates, organization of advocacy, quality of legal assistance must be under the captious analysis of scientists. The mission of advocacy science is to promote development and strengthen of the Bar of Ukraine. Scientific researches are oriented to determination of future priority directions of development of advocacy.A legal theory must be based, at least, on three elements: theoretical conceptions, norms of legislation and practice. Indeed, a theory can specify on the lacks of legislation, practice of its application, or even based on the analogy of law or to the right. But however, such theoretical hypotheses must influence on the legal system of Ukraine and become instruments for its improvement, except for the cases when unverified and erroneous hypotheses are reproduced in public relations and result in changes in a legislation.Advocacy science investigates relations between advocates and governmental bodies, bodies of local self-government, their officials and officers, enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of the type of their ownership and subordination, non-governmental and international organizations. It develops integrated methodology for professional training and retraining of advocates, assistant advocates, trainees. It promotes learning of the history and traditions of the Bar and scientific analysis of issues concerning activities of the Bar, elimination of any drawbacks in law enforcement practice. Scientists not always in time react on suggestion about changes to the laws, and it causes the rapid change of base of certain science. From these grounds there is an urgent necessity to strengthen the research constituent of advocacy science. ; Визначено, що виокремлення науки про адвокатуру як спеціальної юридичної науки є необхідним на сучасному етапі розвитку юридиспруденції. З'ясовано, що виникнення у складі правової науки окремої галузі про адвокатуру є наслідком об'єктивних процесів еволюції правознавства, потреби в інтеграції правових наукових знань про адвокатуру. Різні галузі правової науки містять знання, узагальнення, ідеї чи положення, що стосуються адвокатури, адвоката чи адвокатської діяльності, проте розвиток знань про адвокатуру та адвокатську діяльність у межах якоїсь із зазначених наук є обмеженим, неповним, у процесі вивчення відсутній системний підхід.Проаналізовано термінологічний ряд «адвокатологія», «наука про адвокатуру», «адвокатське право», «теорія адвокатури». Під терміном «теорія адвокатури» запропо­новано позначати нові концепції вчених та практиків стосовно адвокатури. Такі концепції підлягають обговоренню та удосконаленню перед їх запровадженням у законодавство та практику його застосування.Зроблено висновок, що завдання теоретичної частини адвокатології полягає в дослід­женні і роз'ясненні тих об'єктивних процесів, які призвели до виникнення адвокатури, визначенні її сутності та призначення у громадянському суспільстві, формулюванні її поня­тійного апарату тощо. Головним напрямом досліджень у теорії адвокатури доцільно вважа­ти визначення таких раціональних кроків у її розвитку.

The article deals with analyzing the indicative scientific works dedicated to social advertisement. The author defines the issues not having been tackled yet, while emphasizing the necessity of studying the social advertisement phenomenon in Ukrainian Linguistics, and detailing the essential aspects of the perspective researches within this sphere. It is very important to study linguistic analyses of social advertisement and to outline the perspective directions of further research because social advertisement is new phenomenon in social and cultural life of mankind. The object of the article is social advertisement. The subject is the linguistic aspects of its elaboration. We used such methods of research: descriptive method - to find out the features of the genre of social advertisement, inductive generalization - for the systematization of the data obtained, modeling method - to outline the actual directions of further linguistic reconstruction of social advertisement. The subject of social advertising is diverse and constantly updated, as there are new problems that need to be addressed and public attention, the various informative upbringing of public values does not lose importance. Social advertising is a multifaceted phenomenon that attracts the attention of sociologists, semiotics, cultural scientists, psychologists, political scientists, linguists, thus defining a multitude of approaches to its study. We have noted that the domestic science of this type of advertisement is much less investigated than foreign. There are only isolated researches, which discusses the definition of social advertising, its purpose, function, model of construction, scientists emphasize its influence. It should be noted that due attention has not been paid to identifying and studying the lexical-semantic peculiarities of social advertising, which would allow for the modeling of effective advertising texts, since the semantics of the key words mainly attracts the attention of the recipient of the advertising text. The study of lexical-semantic features determines the successful functioning and effectiveness of advertising appeals, and is therefore extremely relevant. ; Статья посвящена анализу показательных научных разработок, посвященных социальной рекламе, определен круг неразработанной проблематики, акцентировано на необходимости углубленного изучения феномена социальной рекламы в украинской лингвистике, детализированы актуальные аспекты перспективных изысканий в этой области. ; Статтю присвячено аналізу найпоказовіших наукових розробок науковців, присвячених соціальній рекламі, визначено коло неопрацьованої проблематики, акцентовано на необхідності поглибленого вивчення феномену соціальної реклами у вітчизняній лінгвістиці, виокремлено актуальні аспекти перспективних пошуків у зазначеній царині.

Статтю присвячено аналізу найпоказовіших наукових розробок науковців, присвячених соціальній рекламі, визначено коло неопрацьованої проблематики, акцентовано на необхідності поглибленого вивчення феномену соціальної реклами у вітчизняній лінгвістиці, виокремлено актуальні аспекти перспективних пошуків у зазначеній царині. ; Статья посвящена анализу показательных научных разработок, посвященных социальной рекламе, определен круг неразработанной проблематики, акцентировано на необходимости углубленного изучения феномена социальной рекламы в украинской лингвистике, детализированы актуальные аспекты перспективных изысканий в этой области. ; The article deals with analyzing the indicative scientific works dedicated to social advertisement. The author defines the issues not having been tackled yet, while emphasizing the necessity of studying the social advertisement phenomenon in Ukrainian Linguistics, and detailing the essential aspects of the perspective researches within this sphere. It is very important to study linguistic analyses of social advertisement and to outline the perspective directions of further research because social advertisement is new phenomenon in social and cultural life of mankind. The object of the article is social advertisement. The subject is the linguistic aspects of its elaboration. We used such methods of research: descriptive method - to find out the features of the genre of social advertisement, inductive generalization - for the systematization of the data obtained, modeling method - to outline the actual directions of further linguistic reconstruction of social advertisement. The subject of social advertising is diverse and constantly updated, as there are new problems that need to be addressed and public attention, the various informative upbringing of public values does not lose importance. Social advertising is a multifaceted phenomenon that attracts the attention of sociologists, semiotics, cultural scientists, psychologists, political scientists, linguists, thus defining a multitude of approaches to its study. We have noted that the domestic science of this type of advertisement is much less investigated than foreign. There are only isolated researches, which discusses the definition of social advertising, its purpose, function, model of construction, scientists emphasize its influence. It should be noted that due attention has not been paid to identifying and studying the lexical-semantic peculiarities of social advertising, which would allow for the modeling of effective advertising texts, since the semantics of the key words mainly attracts the attention of the recipient of the advertising text. The study of lexical-semantic features determines the successful functioning and effectiveness of advertising appeals, and is therefore extremely relevant.

Статтю присвячено аналізу найпоказовіших наукових розробок науковців, присвячених соціальній рекламі, визначено коло неопрацьованої проблематики, акцентовано на необхідності поглибленого вивчення феномену соціальної реклами у вітчизняній лінгвістиці, виокремлено актуальні аспекти перспективних пошуків у зазначеній царині. ; Статья посвящена анализу показательных научных разработок, посвященных социальной рекламе, определен круг неразработанной проблематики, акцентировано на необходимости углубленного изучения феномена социальной рекламы в украинской лингвистике, детализированы актуальные аспекты перспективных изысканий в этой области. ; The article deals with analyzing the indicative scientific works dedicated to social advertisement. The author defines the issues not having been tackled yet, while emphasizing the necessity of studying the social advertisement phenomenon in Ukrainian Linguistics, and detailing the essential aspects of the perspective researches within this sphere. It is very important to study linguistic analyses of social advertisement and to outline the perspective directions of further research because social advertisement is new phenomenon in social and cultural life of mankind. The object of the article is social advertisement. The subject is the linguistic aspects of its elaboration. We used such methods of research: descriptive method - to find out the features of the genre of social advertisement, inductive generalization - for the systematization of the data obtained, modeling method - to outline the actual directions of further linguistic reconstruction of social advertisement. The subject of social advertising is diverse and constantly updated, as there are new problems that need to be addressed and public attention, the various informative upbringing of public values does not lose importance. Social advertising is a multifaceted phenomenon that attracts the attention of sociologists, semiotics, cultural scientists, psychologists, political scientists, linguists, thus defining a multitude of approaches to its study. We have noted that the domestic science of this type of advertisement is much less investigated than foreign. There are only isolated researches, which discusses the definition of social advertising, its purpose, function, model of construction, scientists emphasize its influence. It should be noted that due attention has not been paid to identifying and studying the lexical-semantic peculiarities of social advertising, which would allow for the modeling of effective advertising texts, since the semantics of the key words mainly attracts the attention of the recipient of the advertising text. The study of lexical-semantic features determines the successful functioning and effectiveness of advertising appeals, and is therefore extremely relevant.

Article is devoted to the philosophical analysis of actual situation of humanities and the problem of their social role. The political role of humanities lies primarily in promoting the creation of public space. It gives a possibility do develop the human skills which are needed to be an active public agent. The purpose of the article deals with the concretization of public role of humanities which can be presented as different politics. Results. In the article the following politics are presented: politics of ideal (refers to a certain ideal of liberal education which is based on the liberal arts); politics of meaning and sense (it concerns the recognition of meanings, including those that constitute the social and political worlds); politics of sensuality (it connected with performativity as manner to create and comprehend the social and political worlds; also it can be explained as distribution of sensuality in context of J. Ranciere's conception of aesthetics as politics); politics of reconfiguration of discourse (it deals with elaboration of rules of communication on social problems); politics of imagination (the influence on structure of social world with using of imagination and fantasy); politics of responsivity (the comprehension of alien subjectivity), politics of memory (the formation of culture of memory). Originality. The different "politics" of humanities are presented as specific because they are connected with specific of human sciences' cognition. We deals not with objectivity that is directed to the explanation of world as closed system, but we have open system of interpersonal interaction. This interpersonal interaction can structure and configure social and political spheres. Conclusion. The politics of humanities are not separate each other. They are crosscutting, creating horizon ability to influence the public sphere.

Розглянуто специфіку поглядів на соціальну структуру та соціальне партнерство в межах сучасних суспільних наук. Вивчено актуальність марксистських полодень щодо соціально -політичних відносин між соціальними групами. Зроблено висновок про потребк формування поняттєво-категорійного апарату в межах сучасної політичної наки, орієнтованог на вивчення правових проблем соціального партнерства ; Рассмотрена специфика взглядов на социальную структуру и социальное партнерство в рамках современных общественных наук. Изучены актуальность марксистских полодень по социально-политических отношений между социальными группами. Сделан вывод о потребк формирования понятийно-категориального аппарата в пределах современной политической нак, ориентованог на изучение правовых проблем социального партнерства ; Article considers specifity of sights at social stricture and social partnership within modern social studies. The urgency of Marxist positions concerning sociopolitical relation between social groups is studies. The conclusion about requirement of formation new term device within the modern political science, focused on studying of legal problems of social partnership becomes

This article is an attempt to elaborate a more adequate conception of political science, i.e. to achieve such kind of its perception which is coordinated with the existing alternatives and deprived of the professional corporative influence. The author has managed to produce four mutually incompatible perspectives – a play, big science, normal science and the social engaged science – as a balanced system. ; Данная статья – это попытка выработать более адекватное представления о политической науке, то есть достижение такого ее восприятия, что и согласовано с имеющимися ее аль­тернативами, и максимально лишено влияния профессионального корпоративизма. Авто­ру удалось представить в виде уравновешенной системы четыре взаимоисключающие перспективы: игры, нормальной науки, большой науки, социально ангажированной науки. ; Стаття присвячена спробі вироблення більш адекватного уявлення про політологію, тобто досягнення такого її сприйняття, що узгоджене з існуючими її альтернативами та максимально позбавлене впливу професійного корпоративізму. Автору вдалося логічно несуперечливим чином представити у вигляді врівноваженої системи чотири взаємовик­лючні перспективи: гри, великої науки, нормальної науки та соціально ангажованої науки.

The article disclosed the specifics of the laws of politics and laws which determine operation of the governmental agencies. It was proved that the knowledge and use of their nature in the political life enabled the optimization of guidance in different political processes. The article stressed that any law, including natural, rarely was quite exhaustive and unambiguous as it was including comprising of various internally and externally contradictory trends. Thisstatement applied the laws of political science because their action made a large variety of effects, including random factors that had both objective and subjective natures. Key words: the politics, the purpose and means in politics, a trend, a law, laws of politics, laws of structures, laws of the functioning, the laws of development, "individual" laws. ; У статті розкрито суть і специфіку законів політики і законів, на основі яких вибудовуються, функціонують ті чи інші державні структури. Доведено, що їх знання і використання у політичному житті уможливлює оптимізацію керівництва різноманітними політичними процесами. Наголошується, що будь-який закон, зокрема природний, рідко буває цілком вичерпним та однозначним, він завжди приблизний, включає велику кількість різних внутрішньо та зовнішньо суперечливих тенденцій. Це надто стосується законів політології, оскільки на їх дію справляє вплив велика кількість різноманітних, зокрема випадкових, факторів як об'єктивного, так і суб'єктивного характеру. Ключові слова: політика, мета і засоби в політиці, тенденція, закономірність, закон, закони політики, закони структури, закони функціонування, закони розвитку, «індивідуальні» закони.

The article considers the social context of science Renaissance. The influence of social, political and religious change in society by becoming practical experience of science. ; В статье рассмотрены социальный контекст развития науки эпохи Возрождения. Проанализировано влияние социальных, политических, религиозных перемен в обществе на становление практического опыта науки. ; У статті розглянуто соціальний контекст розвитку науки доби Відродження. Проаналізовано вплив соціальних, політичних, релігійних змін у суспільстві на становлення практичного досвіду науки.

Problem setting. It has always been recognized by different scholars of social sciences that concepts are essential both to theory construction in different scientific realms as well as to applied research. A practical approach to concepts suggests that concepts, however complicated they might be, should be, in essence, boiled down to measurable indicators that, in turn, can be thoroughly studied by applying qualitative or quantitative approaches. Discussion around the nature of the concepts in social science in general and particularly in the political science brought about a number of terms to denote the concepts like «essentially contested concepts» or «nomadic concepts». In order to avoid the bothersome discussion of the meaning of concepts, a prominent American scholar of social science research methodology and international relations G. Goertz said that he preferred to define concepts implicitly through a discussion of how they could be constructed. He coined the term «semantic approach» to denote the traditional approach to concepts and his alternative approach is what this article critically analyzes in comparison to other approaches to concepts ' studies, including the traditional ones. Recent research and publications analysis. A great number of scholars contributed to the studies of concepts, among them G. Sartori, J. Gerring, Ch. Ragin, D. Collier, M. Richter and others. After W. B. Gallie coined the expression «essentially contested concepts» in 1956, a discussion on the phenomenon of «contestedness» of social and political concepts has commenced and never stopped. Among the very recent contributions to analysis of concepts the papers of M. W. Spicer, F. Berenskoetter and C. Greene should be mentioned. Paper objective is to identify both advantages and disadvantages of applied approaches to political concepts' construction that go beyond the traditional semantic approach and that, in turn, implies a closer examination of a causal, ontological, and realist view of concepts, suggested by G. Goertz, ...

The author investigates the organizational measures of modern Ukrainian society on the way of forming an effective system of science in accordance with the requirements of civilization development. Chronological boundaries of the study - the beginning of the nineteenth century until the present. The methodological basis for the study is the theoretical concept of the cyclical development of historical phenomena in relation to the world and local cultural spaces. The research is aimed at the cultural view of the modern problem of the modernization of the institute of science within the historically formed educational and scientific spaces of Ukraine. Taking a public view of the functioning of science in society for Ukraine is to identify it organizationally with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAN) was founded on November 1, 1918. The Commission was responsible for the rationale for the creation of the Academy to draft a bill on the founding of the Academy of Sciences in Kyiv. The Commission included representatives of the Ukrainian scientific elite of that time, led by V.I. Vernadsky. The main functions of the UAN were the organization and coordination of the scientific forces of the state. The history of the development of the UAN testifies to the civilization content of the strategy for the development of national science for the entire period of the twentieth century. The beginning of the XXI century declared a new system of relations in the world society. The meaningfulness of such relationships is marked by a new post-industrial society. For Ukraine, the reform of the institute of science after world shifts is becoming urgent. The modern scientific space of Ukraine can be characterized as functioning of the coordinate system "universityacademy". An appeal to the principles of scientific democracy should ensure a balance between the development of science in the university sector and academic institutions. The financial self-determination of universities has an opportunity to actualize scientific research. The University is able today to ensure the development of the humanitarian component of science, which reproduces the traditions of national culture. The academic structure needs to reload the strategy for reforming the material and technical support of research work for the branches of science, which have high ratings in the countries of the world.