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"The text discusses criminal behavior and explores the factors that contribute to crime as well as the social reactions to crime. It takes a broad approach to criminology theory, incorporating sociology, psychology, biology, and ecology. By making the connection between theory, research, and policy, the authors demonstrate the relevancy of criminological theory in the public attempt to control crime while providing justice. The emphasis on these three elements with pertinent discussions and examples is what sets this text apart from other criminology titles"--

Chapter 4 Legitimating Mass SupervisionWe're Not Here to Build the Community, We're Here to Protect It; Introduction; The Probation Legitimacy Paradox: Thriving in Adversity; Contestation, Adaptation and Legitimation; Supervision in Scotland: Where Reductionism Produced Expansion; Introduction; Foundations and Early Development of Scottish Probation; The Institutionalisation of 'Social Work With Offenders'; Supervision and Scottish Devolution; Constitutional Change, Penal Supervision and Nation Building; Lessons from Scottish Supervision: How to Succeed While Failing.

The fact-value distinction and the conception of science as a practice put a premium on the ethics of the scholarly community. The principles of ethics, not those of logic, govern this process of knowledge production. Values not only enable facts, but sustain our identities as scholars and enable the practice of science. In the absence of ethical commitments, we would become indistinct from polemicists and spin doctors. Ethics are instantiated and sustained through practices. As graduate students, we learn professional ethics the same way we learn other values and habits: by emulating those we respect. It is imperative that we practice and communicate tolerance and pluralism to our graduate students and younger colleagues, not merely the professional skills we associate with the production and evaluation of research. Adapted from the source document.

What is crime? How criminologists think about crime -- The origins of modern criminology -- The consolidation of modern criminology -- Dissenting criminology -- A short guide to reading and thinking about criminology -- Explaining crime : unemployment and crime -- Explaining crime : crime and the family -- Criminology and the lure of crime prevention -- Victims and victimology -- Critical absences : criminology and corporate crime -- Critical absences : criminology and state crime -- Towards a reflexive criminology.

Moral order is disturbed by criminal events, however traditionally, issues around morality have been neglected by criminologists. Using the moral perspective Boutellier bridges the gap between people's emotional opinions on crime, and criminologists rationalised answers to questions of crime and security.

AbstractRecently, philosophers have developed an extensive literature on social ontology that applies methods and concepts from analytic metaphysics. Much of this is entirely abstracted from, and unconcerned with, social science. However, Epstein (2015) argues explicitly that analytic social metaphysics, provided its account of ontological 'grounding' is repaired in specific ways, can rescue social science from explanatory impasses into which he thinks it has fallen. This version of analytic social ontology thus directly competes with radically naturalistic alternatives, in a way that helps to clarify what makes some metaphysics genuinely scientific (that is, part of the scientific enterprise and worldview). I consider this competition, marshal considerations against the value to social science of analytic metaphysics, and sketch a contrasting scientific metaphysics for understanding the implications of revisionist social ontology in unified scientific ontology.

When criminologists consider war, it is most often as a form of governmental white-collar crime. This article expands upon the criminology of war by focusing on how culture and public opinion contribute to the opportunities for war seized upon by policymakers. (Culture and public opinion can also serve as a control on war, but that is not my focus here.) The successful elite promotion of war in the public mind is indirectly criminogenic, or at least crime-enabling. This article offers an initial theoretical framework for examining indirect contributors to aggressive war, particularly culture and ideology, that exist long before military action. A sociocultural approach to the criminology of war reveals that elite criminal military action depends on the partial ideological 'enlistment' of the public. Just as we will never understand street crime without paying attention to the culture and society in which it is committed, we must consider the structural and cultural processes that form the background to war. This argument focuses on the United States, but applies broadly to all contemporary nation-states. Adapted from the source document.