[288] p. ; A translation of: Faits d'armes et de chevalerie. ; Caption title, pi1r. ; Colophon reads: Thus endeth this boke whiche xp[ist]yne of pyse made [and] drewe out of the boke named vegecius de re militari [and] out of tharbre of bataylles wyth many other thynges sett in to the same requisite to werre [and] batailles whiche boke beyng in fre[n]she was delyuered to me will[ia]m Caxton by the most crysten kynge [and] redoubted prynce my naturel [and] souerayn lord kyng henry the, vij . the, xxiij, day of Ianyuere the, iiij, yere of his regne [and] desired [and] wylled me to translate this said boke [and] reduce it in to our english [and] natural tonge, [and] to put it in enprynte . Whiche translacyon was finysshed the, viij, day of Iuyll[y] the sayd yere [and] enprynted the, xiiij, day of Iuyll[y] next folowyng [and] ful fynyshyd . ; "Tharbre of bataylles" is by Honoré Bonet. ; Signatures: pi² A-R S⁶. ; Caption title, A1: Here begynneth the book of fayttes of armes [and] of chyualrye . ; The last leaf is blank. ; Sheet S2.5 is in two settings; S2r lines 4-5 have (1) "Consules of Mountpellyer" or (2) "Consules of Mountpollyer". ; Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
Over the last 50 years there has been a paradigmatic shift in the climate of ideas and governing orthodoxy from Keynesian-corporatism to neoliberalism. Such paradigms provide the philosophical goals that are pursued by policy and practice and determine what are considered to be the legitimate means of attaining those goals. We use evolving policy and practice relating to the protection and management of street trees as a vehicle for examining the relations between the competing paradigms of corporatism and neoliberalism, and the ways that they are expressed 'on the ground'. In doing so we highlight the tensions between the amenity value and the economic value of street trees and between techniques for their estimation. The legitimacy of measures of the former, such as Helliwell and CAVAT, that embody corporatist concepts are subject to continuing challenges based on their (lack of) scientific rigour or economic principle. The strengths of measures of the latter, such as i-Tree, are emphasised on the same grounds. Such is the success of these efforts that the equation of the value of a street tree with an estimation of the price that people will pay for the ecosystem services it delivers is not seen as controversial.
In this paper we present a simple technique to derive certificates of non-realizability for a combinatorial polytope. Our approach uses a variant of the classical algebraic certificates introduced by Bokowski and Sturmfels (1989), the final polynomials. More specifically we reduce the problem of finding a realization to that of finding a positive point in a variety and try to find a polynomial with positive coefficients in the generating ideal (a positive polynomial), showing that such point does not exist. Many, if not most, of the techniques for proving non-realizability developed in the last three decades can be seen as following this framework, using more or less elaborate ways of constructing such positive polynomials. Our proposal is more straightforward as we simply use linear programming to exhaustively search for such positive polynomials in the ideal restricted to some linear subspace. Somewhat surprisingly, this elementary strategy yields results that are competitive with more elaborate alternatives, and allows us to derive new examples of non-realizable combinatorial polytopes ; Gouveia was partially supported by the Centre for Mathematics of the University of Coimbra - UIDB/00324/2020 , funded by the Portuguese Government through FCT/MCTES . Macchia was supported by the Einstein Foundation Berlin under Francisco Santos grant EVF-2015-230 and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project number 454595616 . Wiebe was supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [ PDF - 557980 - 2021 ], and by the Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences (PIMS). The research and findings may not reflect those of the Institute.
This book looks at the interplay between criminal law and other branches of public law pursuing similar objectives (referred to as 'quasi-criminal law'). The need for clarifying the concepts and the interlink between criminal and quasi-criminal enforcement is a topic attracting a lot of discussion and debate in both academia and practice across Europe (and beyond). This volume adds to this debate by bringing to light the substantive and procedural problems stemming from the current parallel or dual use of the different enforcement systems. The collection draws on expertise from academia, practice and policy; its high-quality analysis will appeal to scholars, practitioners and policymakers alike.
La evolución de la radio en los últimos años ha derivado en una creciente presencia y utilización de las redes sociales como canal de comunicación con sus audiencias y la aparición de nuevas narrativas. Esta investigación explora el tratamiento que las cuatro principales cadenas radiofónicas españolas -SER, COPE, Onda Cero y Radio Nacional de España- realizaron en Instagram durante la investidura de Pedro Sánchez como presidente del Gobierno de España. Del análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo realizado se deriva que la implantación de la radio en Instagram es, todavía, incipiente en algunos casos, pero que, sin embargo, cadenas como SER y COPE ya aplican nuevas narrativas en la red social. La radio emplea Instagram para informar y también como espacio para los géneros opinativos, y lo hace con un impacto notable en las comunidades de seguidores. ; Radio's evolution in recent years is characterised by the growing presence and use of social networks as communication channels with their audiences and the emergence of new narratives. This research explores the coverage carried out by the four main Spanish radio stations - Cadena SER, COPE, Onda Cero and Radio Nacional de España - through their Instagram accounts during the inauguration of Pedro Sánchez as President of the Government of Spain. The results obtained from an analysis of quantitative and qualitative content reveal that, in some cases, the introduction of radio on Instagram is still in its infancy. However, stations such as SER and COPE have already implemented new narratives in this social network. The radio uses Instagram to inform and also as a platform for opinion genres having a significant impact on the communities of followers. ; Este trabajo ha sido realizado en el marco del Grupo de Investigación en Comunicación e Información Digital (GICID) de la Universidad de Zaragoza, reconocido como grupo de referencia por el Gobierno de Aragón con el código S29_20R (Núm. 62 del Boletín Oficial de Aragón, de fecha 26/03/2020), dentro del área de Ciencias Sociales y financiado por el Fondo Social Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, FEDER "Construyendo Europa desde Aragón".
12 páginas.- 5 figuras.- 4 tablas.- referencias.- The Supplementary data to this article: in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108102 ; Soil biodiversity loss due to pollution may affect ecosystem services negatively. This environmental problem may be solved by phytoremediation, which is an effective strategy to manage and remediate contaminated areas. During this remediation process, the establishment of plant communities may improve soil fungal community structure and, in particular, may favour mycorrhizal symbiotic associations. As a consequence, afforestation of degraded lands will have different outcomes on fungal diversity and functionality, which will depend on the selected tree and shrub species. We analysed soil fungal diversity and functional guilds by high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA in a trace element contaminated area, part of a large scale phytoremediation project running for 20 years. We selected five habitats for comparison purposes: three under the canopy of selected tree species (wild olive, white poplar and stone pine), adjacent treeless areas (grassland) and non-remediated areas (bare soil). Soil fungal diversity and richness seemed to be enhanced by phytoremediation. White poplar soil had the highest diversity and richness compared to wild olive and stone pine. Fungal communities were especially different between stone pine, with soils rich in organic C and high C:N ratio, and grassland soils. We identified 9,428 fungal OTUs from which 1,283 were assigned to a unique functional guild; the most abundant belonging to saprotrophic, plant pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal functional guilds. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were more abundant in soils under ectomycorrhizal host trees. Saprotrophs were abundant in grassland and wild olive soils, while plant pathogens were abundant in non-remediated soils. The remediation of soils (clean-up and amendment addition) allowed the natural establishment of grassland habitats throughout the study area, increasing fungal diversity, richness, taxonomy and functionality, when compared to non-remediated soils. Tree afforestation allowed the establishment of a forest type community bringing a further recruitment of fungal taxa, mainly the ectomycorrhizal fungal guild. Afforestation with different tree species showed species-specific effects on soil N, organic C, Ca and C:N ratio which led to increased spatial heterogeneity in areas with potential to recruit a wider diversity of fungi. ; This work was supported by European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) [grant number 603498 - RECARE], and Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grants number CGL2014-52858-R – RESTECO and CGL2017-82254-R – INTARSU]. MG-M was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [grant number BES-2015-073882]. AL-G was supported by European Union's Horizon 2020 Marie Curie Individual Fellowship [grant number 708530 – DISPMIC], Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2015-69118-C2-2-P-COEXMED-II] and University of Jaén under the Plan 6-UJA postdoctoral fellowship. MTD was supported by a postdoctoral grant by Universidad de Sevilla (V Plan Propio de Investigación) and by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [grant number CGL2017-85891-R- DEGRAMED]. ; Peer reviewed
10 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107699 ; Sardine and anchovy have shown important changes in landings, biomass, abundance and body condition with time in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain these changes, including the negative interaction with jellyfish blooms. Increases in jellyfish blooms may be one of the reasons for a decline in these fish stocks because several jellyfish species have been shown to feed on fish larvae and juveniles. The main aim of the present study was to test the plausible relationship between jellyfish blooms and stock dynamics (abundance, biomass, and fitness) of anchovy and sardine, and its fisheries within an ecological context of the western Mediterranean Sea. Our main hypothesis was that jellyfish blooms, in combination with other environmental drivers, could have negative effects due to their predation on early stages of small pelagic fish (direct mortality) or due to predation on zooplankton, which is also prey of the small pelagic fish at different ontogenetic stages (direct competition). To test our hypothesis, we developed Bayesian Generalized Linear Mixed Models to compare landings, biomass, abundance, and Kn condition factor of both species with several climatic indices, oceanographic variables, and the occurrences of jellyfish blooms. Our results revealed that the jellyfish bloom occurrence had a high probability of negatively and broadly affecting both species in addition to changes in environmental conditions. This suggests that jellyfish blooms should be added to the likely causes of change when analyzing small pelagic fish change ; This study was carried out within the Spanish Research project PELWEB (CTM2017-88939-R) funded by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and the Catalonian Government PELCAT projects (CAT 152CAT00013, TAIS ARP059/19/00005). [.] MC acknowledges the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) to the Institute of Marine Science (ICM-CSIC). ; Peer reviewed
Cell membranes are integral to the functioning of the cell and are therefore key to drive fundamental understanding of biological processes for downstream applications. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art with respect to biomembrane systems and electronic substrates, with a view of how the field has evolved towards creating biomimetic conditions and improving detection sensitivity. Of particular interest are conducting polymers, a class of electroactive polymers, which have the potential to create the next step-change for bioelectronics devices. Lastly, we discuss the impact these types of devices could have for biomedical applications. ; S.D. and R.O., acknowledge funding for this project, sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Army Research Office and accomplished under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-18-2-0152. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of DARPA or the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. A.K.J acknowledges funding from the Cambridge Trust, the EPSRC grant EP/L015978/1 for the Centre for Doctoral Training for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (NanoDTC) and the Centre for Misfolding Diseases. A.M.P. acknowledges funding from the Oppenheimer Junior Research Fellowship and the Maudslay-Butler Research Fellowship at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Z.A.M. was supported by T32GM008500 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences or the National Institutes of Health. W.C.T. acknowledges funding from the Cambridge Commonwealth, European & International Trust at Cambridge University. T.P.J.K.
This work was supported by the Latvian Council of Science , project NN-CARMA, project No. lzp-2018/1-0194. ; Background: This work studied how the exposure to an unusual substrate forced a change in microbial populations during anaerobic fermentation of crude glycerol, a by-product of biodiesel production, with freshwater sediment used as an inoculum. Results: The microbial associations almost completely (99.9%) utilized the glycerol contained in crude glycerol 6 g L−1 within four days, releasing gases, organic acids (acetic, butyric) and alcohols (ethanol, n-butanol) under anaerobic conditions. In comparison with control medium without glycerol, adding crude glycerol to the medium increased the amount of ethanol and n-butanol production and it was not significantly affected by incubation temperature (28 °C or 37 °C), nor incubation time (4 or 8 d), but it resulted in reduced amount of butyric acid. Higher volume of gas was produced at 37 °C despite the fact that the overall bacterial count was smaller than the one measured at 20 °C. Main microbial phyla of the inoculum were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. During fermentation, significant changes were observed and Firmicutes, especially Clostridium spp., began to dominate, and the number of Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria decreased accordingly. Concentration of Archaea decreased, especially in medium with crude glycerol. These changes were confirmed both by culturing and culture-independent (concentration of 16S rDNA) methods. Conclusions: Crude glycerol led to the adaptation of freshwater sediment microbial populations to this substrate. Changes of microbial community were a result of a community adaptation to a new source of carbon. How to cite: Paiders M, Nikolajeva V, Makarenkova G, et al. Changes in freshwater sediment microbial populations during fermentation of crude glycerol. ; Latvian Council of Science lzp-2018/1-0194; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART²
ABSTRACT Objective: to discuss the role of Brazilian nursing to face political, economic and sanitary challenges that compose the crisis situation related to Covid-19 pandemics. Methods: Critical-thinking study with analytics characteristics, based on latin-american critical epidemiology and on the concept of social determination of health. Results: the central issues related to the Brazilian political-economic and health scenario are problematized, with emphasis on the impacts in terms of social inequality deepening. Nursing role is discussed considering the impacts in these worker's health, and the relevance of nurses' actions in the several professional practice scenarios to defend social protection. Conclusions: the role of Brazilian nursing as a social practice for the defense of life and universal access to health is reaffirmed as a way of achieving social justice.
A free open access ebook is available upon publication. Learn more at www.luminosoa.org. Yan'an is China's "revolutionary holy land," the heart of Mao Zedong's Communist movement from 1937 to 1947. Based on thirty years of archival and documentary research and numerous field trips to the region, Joseph W. Esherick's book examines the origins of the Communist revolution in Northwest China, from the political, social, and demographic changes of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), to the intellectual ferment of the early Republic, the guerrilla movement of the 1930s, and the replacement of the local revolutionary leadership after Mao and the Center arrived in 1935. In Accidental Holy Land, Esherick compels us to consider the Chinese Revolution not as some inevitable peasant response to poverty and oppression, but as the contingent product of local, national, and international events in a constantly changing milieu.
10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118377 ; Concentrations of organophosphate esters (OPEs) plasticizers were analysed in the present study. Fifty-five fish samples belonging to three highly commercial species, European sardine (Sardina pilchardus), European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), and European hake (Merluccius merluccius), were taken from the Western Mediterranean Sea. OPEs were detected in all individuals, except for two hake samples, with concentrations between 0.38 and 73.4 ng/g wet weight (ww). Sardines presented the highest mean value with 20.5 ± 20.1 ng/g ww, followed by anchovies with 14.1 ± 8.91 ng/g ww and hake with 2.48 ± 1.76 ng/g ww. The lowest OPE concentrations found in hake, which is a partial predator of anchovy and sardine, and the higher δ15N values (as a proxy of trophic position), may indicate the absence of OPEs biomagnification. Eleven out of thirteen tested OPEs compounds were detected, being diphenyl cresyl phosphate (DCP) one of the most frequently detected in all the species. The highest concentration values were obtained for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDClPP), trihexyl phosphate (THP), and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), for sardines, anchovies, and hakes, respectively. The human health risk associated with the consumption of these fish species showing that their individual consumption would not pose a considerable threat to public health regarding OPE intake ; This study has been partially funded by PELCAT project (CAT 152CAT00013, TAIS ARP059/19/00005), PELWEB project (ES-PN-2017-CTM 2017-88939-R, Spanish Government), EXPOPLAS project (PID2019-110576RB-I00), Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Group Water and Soil Quality Unit 2017 SGR 1404). MEDITS data collection has been co-funded by the EU through the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) within the National Program of collection, management and use of data in the fisheries sector and support for scientific advice regarding the Common Fisheries Policy. [.] This work acknowledges the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditations (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to IDAEA and ICM (Project CEX2018-000794-S and CEX2019-000928-S, respectively).EL-L was supported by a FPU grant (FPU1704395, Spanish Ministry of Education) ; Peer reviewed
