Suchergebnisse

In his presidential address to the American Statistical Association in 1931, William Fielding Ogburn, an American sociologist important particularly in the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, took as his theme the difference between statistics and art. His argument, articulated here and in a wide range of writings throughout his career, was that "statistics has been developed to give an exact picture of reality, while the picture that the artist draws is a distortion of reality" (Ogburn 1932: 1). He then went on to express his belief that emotion leads to distortion in our observations. "It is this distorting influence of emotion and wishes," he said, "that is more responsible for bad thinking than any lack of logic" (ibid.: 4). But statistics, he believed, could ameliorate the distorting effects of emotion on our empirical observations. There was a problem, however, because "the artist in us wants understanding rather than statistics. But understanding is hardly knowledge. . . . The tests of knowledge are reliability and accuracy, not understanding" (ibid.: 5).

Based upon a social science approach to understanding the significance of tourism in contemporary society, Andrew Holden's fascinating book highlights tourism as a multidisciplinary area of study with rich and varied theoretical underpinnings. Here, Holden introduces social science disciplines and applies relevant theories to the understanding of tourism. He investigates how the economic and political structures of society influence the manifestation of tourism at a global level, and subsequently considers a variety of topical issues including citizenship and social exclusion, tourism as a form of trade, consumerism, the consequences of tourism, and feminism and ethics. Each chapter includes: a brief introductory summary of the discipline a critique of its main theories and concepts which have relevance to tourism a discussion of how the theories and concepts have been applied to tourism using cases and examples international case studies and examples. Punctuated with study and teaching aids, chapter summaries and 'think points' to encourage reflection, this excellent, broad-ranging textbook provides a wider understanding of tourism's role in society.

A general cycle of relations between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the university is described with particular reference to the social sciences and international studies: a general decline in amity since World War II, decreased support for DoD objectives, a concern for the effect of DoD priorities on the general research profile, the growth of in-house and nonacademic vendors in research and training, and the enclaving of the military-connected research community within the university. The pattern of DoD support for strategic studies, linguistics, and language and area studies is examined.

Among the literature considered for issues pertaining to gender in the 1950s is David Riesman's The Lonely Crowd (1950), John Seeley, et al., Crestwood Heights (1956), William H. Whyte, Jr., The Organization Man (1956), Jules Henry, Culture against Man, and essays by Talcott Parsons on the family. The paper shows how the authors apparently document the modernization of gender and the family by ignoring or downplaying conventional and conservative factors. In fact, they were more sanguine than even their own evidence warranted, although they seemed unaware of this. By seeing only progressive indicators they neglected the constraints on women, often identified as the "feminine mystique." Three gender and family issues are considered for actual evidence about what was happening in the 1950s but also for contradictions in the authors' work that yield insights as well. These are whether feminine and masculine sex roles were converging in modern America, the development of companionship marriage, and the issue of "maternal overinvolvement" (or the domineering mother) in childrearing. The work under consideration suggests contradictory gender messages and developments in the postwar period, indicating a period in which possibilities for equality between the sexes were being both created and denied to women.

Cover -- Half Title -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Foreword - Pragmatism as a Discipline: (Re)Introducing Pragmatist Philosophy to Law and Social Science -- Acknowledgements -- PART I: PRAGMATIC PHILOSOPHY ON SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND SCHOLARLY PRACTICE -- 1 The "Democracy of Self Devotion": Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Pragmatism -- 2 The Dilemma of Democracy: Diversity of Interests and Common Experiences -- 3 A Pragmatic Response to the Embarrassing Problems of Ideology Critique in Socio-Legal Studies -- 4 Pragmatic Legal Norms -- PART II: UPDATING PRAGMATIST INFORMED METHODS OF INQUIRY -- 5 Ethnography and Pragmatism -- 6 The Mathematical Metaphysics of Measurement and Metrology: Towards Meaningful Quantification in the Human Sciences -- PART III: PRAGMATISTS' PERSPECTIVES ON POLICY AND POLITICS -- 7 The Pragmatic Policy Analyst -- 8 Does Consensus Work? A Pragmatic Approach to Public Participation in the Regulatory Process -- PART IV: EMPIRICAL STUDIES FROM PRAGMATIST PERSPECTIVES -- 9 A Pragmatist Theory of Social Movement Leadership -- 10 Public Interest Lawyering and the Pragmatist Dilemma -- Index

AbstractThe social sciences in Asia face a peculiar theoretical challenge. Heirs to ancient civilizations and traditions of thought and cradles to all of the great world religions, they nevertheless perceive themselves as suffering from a "theoretical deficit". High theory is almost entirely Western and in fact largely European in provenance. This essay is directed to the possibility of constructing an Asian variety of cultural studies as a response to the hegemony of European social theory, and as an attempt to redress the balance of theory-power in the world intellectual economy.