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Introduction / (Frďřic Bernard and Jean-Henry Morin, University of Geneva) -- I.Framing the debate 1.Digital Responsibility: a Multi-Stakeholder Challenge (Jean-Henry Morin, University of Geneva) -- 2. Who Cares about Privacy? Data as Unpaid Labour (Maurizio Ferraris, University of Turin) -- II.State responsibilities -- 3. Data Protection in Europe and Beyond (Sophie Kwasny, Council of Europe) -- 4. Perils of Data-Intensive Systems in the Philippines and Asia (Jamael A. Jacob, Data Protection Office of the Ateneo de Manila University and Foundation for Media Alternatives) -- 5. Harmful Effects of Artificial Intelligence and Automation (Marwa Fatafta, Transparency International) -- 6. Cybersecurity and Human Rights: Probing the Relationship (Devony Schmidt, Harvard, Vivek Krishnamurthy, University of Ottawa, and Amy Lehr, Center for Strategic and International Studies) III.Company responsibilities -- 7. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association in the Digital Age (Jonathan Andrew, Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights) -- 8. Freedom to think and to hold a political opinion: digital threats to political participation in liberal democracies (Jřm̥e Duberry, University of Geneva) -- 9. Governing harmful speech online (Frďřic Bernard, University of Geneva, and Viera Pejchal, United Nations) IV.Individual responsibilities -- 10. Strategies for the Media against Hate Speech (Guido Keel, Zurich University of Applied Sciences) -- 11.Big Data and Citizen-Generated Data for Gender Equality and Health (Claudia Abreu Lopes, UN University, and Marcus Erridge, University of Coimbra) -- 12. The Impact of Digital Technologies on the Rights of the Child (Elizabeth Milovidov, Children's Rights Division, Council of Europe) -- Conclusion / (Frďřic Bernard and Jean-Henry Morin, University of Geneva)

Front Cover -- Understanding Female Offenders -- Understanding Female Offenders -- Copyright -- Contents -- Biographies -- Acknowledgments -- 1 - Introduction -- The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R): Our Independent Measure -- The Rorschach: Our Dependent Measure -- Caveats for Understanding the PCL-R & -- Rorschach -- Two Examples -- Understanding Female Offenders -- References -- 2 - Understanding Bias in Diagnosing, Assessing, and Treating Female Offenders -- Science and the Scientific Method -- Logic & -- the Scientific Method -- Logical Fallacy -- Political Correctness -- Clinical Judgment, Implicit Bias, & -- Cognitive Heuristics -- Confirmation Bias -- Illusory Correlation -- Suggestibility -- Misinformation Effect -- Racial Bias -- Gender Bias -- A Case of Bias -- Myths about Female Offenders and Psychopaths -- Myth #1: Psychopathy, Sociopathy, and Antisocial Personality Disorder are Equivalent -- Myth #2: Male and Female Psychopaths are Equivalent -- Myth #3: Female Psychopaths do not Exist -- Myth #4: Trauma Causes Psychopathic Symptoms and Criminal Behavior in Women -- Myth #5: Female Offenders are Treated more Harshly than Men by the Criminal Justice System -- Myth #6: Women are not Violent and the Reports of Increased Violence in Women is a Fallacy -- Myth #7: Women Commit Crimes to Support Their Children -- Myth #8: Female Psychopaths are More Amenable to Treatment -- Myth #9: Women do not Commit Sexual Offenses -- Myth #10: Female Offenders Get Less Attention in the Media than Male Offenders -- Summary and Discussion -- References -- 3 - Understanding Antisocial and Psychopathic Women -- Sociopathy, Antisocial Personality Disorder, & -- Psychopathy -- Summary -- Hysteriac -- Summary -- Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) -- PCL-R Studies with Females -- Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) -- Summary.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Disparaging Digressions: Sisterhood in East-Central Europe -- Is Sisterhood Really Global? Western Feminism in Eastern Europe -- Part One: Poland: Tradition and Reform -- The New Right and Fundamentalism -- Women's Situation in the Process of Change in Poland -- Ban on Abortion in Poland. Why? -- Foundations of the Law -- The Polish Woman of Today: Analysis of a Model -- Opportunities for Feminist Perspectives: Women's Studies in Poland -- Lesbians in the Middle: Lesbian Organizing in Poland—an Interview with Romana Ciesla -- Part Two: Slovakia and the Czech Republic: Importing Ideology? -- Women's Priorities and Visions -- McDonald's, Terminators, Coca Cola Ads—and Feminism? Imports from the West -- Women and Violence -- The Change in Reproductive Behavior in the Czech Republic -- A Lesbian: An Interview with Jana Stepanova -- Men Are Burglars of Extraterrestrial Origin! Women Writers and Science Fiction in the Czech Republic -- Part Three: Hungary: Fending off the Conservatives -- The Construction of Women's Case: Turn-of-the-Century Hungarian Feminism -- The Feminist Network: A History -- Hungarian Abortion Legislation: An Afterword -- Protesting Porn: An Interview with Antonia Burrows -- Gypsy Women: Barriers to Citizenship -- The Making of a Women's Movement in Hungary After 1989 -- Part Four: Romania: Feminism in Unchanged Hardship -- Ana's Land: The Right to Be Sacrificed -- The Future Is Feminist: An Interview with Five Young Romanian Women -- Maria Antoaneta Ciochirca: A Testimony -- Part Five: Bulgaria: Dependency and Reform -- The Bulgarian Women's Movement: A Brief History -- My Weakness Is My Strength -- Forked Tongue: On Gender Stereotypes in the Bulgarian Language -- Part Six Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia: -- SERBIA

The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license. An exploration of how global pharmaceutical products are localized - of what happens when they become 'glocal' - this book examines the tensions that exist between a global pharmaceutical market and the locally bounded discourses and regulations encountered as markets are created for new drugs in particular contexts. Employing the case study of the emergence, representation and regulation of Viagra in the Swedish market, Glocal Pharma offers analyses of commercial material, medical discourses and legal documents to show how a Swedish, Viagra-consuming subject has been constructed in relation to the drug and how Viagra is imagined in relation to the Swedish man. Engaging with debates about pharmaceuticalization, the authors consider the ways in which new identities are created around drugs, the redefinition of health problems as sites of pharmaceutical treatment and changes in practices of governance to reflect the entrance of pharmaceuticals to the market. With attention to 'local' contexts, it reveals elements in the nexus of pharmaceutcalization that are receptive to cultural elements as new products become embedded in local markets. An empirically informed study of the the ways in which the presence of a drug can alter the concept of a disease and its treatment, understandings of who suffers from it and how to cure it - both locally and internationally - this book will appeal to scholars of sociology and science and technology studies with interests in globalization, pharmaceuticals, gender and the sociology of medicine.

This definitive study brings together recent critiques of development and work in postcolonial studies to explore what the postcolonial condition has meant to rural people in the Third World. Focusing on local-level agricultural practices in India since the "green revolution" of the 1960s, Akhil Gupta challenges the dichotomy of "developed" and "underdeveloped," as well as the notion of a monolithic postcolonial condition. In so doing, he advances discussions of modernity in the Third World and offers a new model for future ethnographic scholarship. Based on fieldwork done in the village of Alipur in rural north India from the early 1980s through the 1990s, Postcolonial Developments examines development itself as a post-World War II sociopolitical ideological formation, critiques related policies, and explores the various uses of the concept of the "indigenous" in several discursive contexts. Gupta begins with an analysis of the connections and conflicts between the world food economy, transnational capital, and technological innovations in wheat production. He then examines narratives of village politics in Alipur to show how certain discourses influenced governmental policies on the green revolution. Drawing links between village life, national trends, and global forces, Gupta concludes with a discussion of the implications of environmentalism as exemplified by the Rio Earth Summit and an examination of how global environmental treaties may detrimentally affect the lives of subaltern peoples. With a series of subtle observations on rural politics, nationalism, gender, modernization, and difference, this innovative study capitalizes on many different disciplines: anthropology, sociology, comparative politics, cultural geography, ecology, political science, agricultural economics, and history

Sedentary behavior and inadequate energy expenditure are serious global public health concerns among youngsters. The exponential growth in technology emerges as a valuable opportunity to foster physical activity, particularly through active video games. We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus to provide a comprehensive view of the literature on energy expenditure levels among adolescents while playing active video games. Among the 574 manuscripts identified at the first screening stage, 23 were retained for analysis. Ten studies were characterized by longitudinal and thirteen by cross-sectional designs. The results showed that short-term active video games elicited energy expenditure values comparable to moderate-intensity physical activity (3–6 METs). However, in intervention programs (with at least six weeks) the results indicate no significant effects of active video games on youngsters' energy expenditure levels and physical activity profiles between baseline and follow-up assessments. Overall, active video games based on sports and dance were the most used, and boys tended to achieve higher energy expenditure than girls. The diversity of methods implemented limits comparing results and drawing generalized conclusions. However, considering its attractiveness to youth, active video games might emerge as a complementary tool to traditional physical activities promoted in schools and local communities. Details regarding gender differences and contradictory results of longitudinal approaches should be considered in future research based on standardized methods.

Purpose
This study aims to systematically review papers on women's entrepreneurship in the internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) by examining the research profile (i.e. publication trends, publishers, domain and quality of journals, methodologies and units of analysis and regional classifications), internationalization entry modes and the theories underpinning, key variables using AMO framework (i.e. antecedents, mediators, moderators and outcomes) and suggestions for potential future studies.


Design/methodology/approach
This study used bibliometric analysis by selecting 62 relevant papers from 3,016 papers collected from the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and EBSCO databases. Content analysis was conducted to identify key research issues and gaps, which were then mapped on an AMO framework to address potential future research.


Findings
This study found that the number of papers published during the period 1994–September 2022 fluctuated, indicating an increasing trend of women's entrepreneurship research in the internationalization of SMEs being published in various reputable journals by well-known publishers. This study also found several alternatives of internationalization entry modes, although export is still the most widely used alternative. Various theories that underlie this research include internationalization theory, resource-based theory, feminist theory and international entrepreneurship. This study proposes a future research framework on women's entrepreneurship in the internationalization of SMEs: AMO.


Originality/value
This study contributes to the intersection of gender-focused international business and entrepreneurship domains. This study proposes a conceptual model of women's entrepreneurship in internationalization of SMEs by mapping the antecedents, mediators/moderators and outcomes and offers promising opportunities for future research directions.

How governments manage their communication is one crucial indicator of the balance of power within the cabinet and inside the executive branch as a whole. Existing research offers few insights into the process by which governments come to choose one form of communication over another and about the factors driving centralization. This article addresses this gap through a comparison of two countries, Finland and Sweden, examining not only the organizational forms of government communication but also the causal mechanisms at work. Combining theoretical lessons from studies in political communication, political science, and public administration, it develops a centralization argument, focusing on the centripetal factors facilitating coordination and control. Drawing on over 40 interviews with journalists and political or media advisors in the two countries and on government documents, the article offers clear evidence of a trend toward centralization, particularly in Sweden. This trend should be understood as part of a broader process whereby prime ministers and their offices establish stronger control of the entire executive branch.Related ArticlesHankivsky, Olena. 2013. "Gender Mainstreaming: A Five‐Country Examination." Politics & Policy 41 (5): 629‐655. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12037König, Pascal D., and Georg Wenzelburger. 2014. "Toward a Theory of Political Strategy in Policy Analysis." Politics & Policy 42 (3): 400‐430. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12076Selling, Niels, and Stefan Svallfors. 2019. "The Lure of Power: Career Paths and Considerations among Policy Professionals in Sweden." Politics & Policy 47 (5): 984‐1012. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12325

Neuro-scientific arguments focused on demonstrating sexual differences in the brain are very popular. Some of the conclusions of these experiments have derived in neuro-educational proposals aimed at fostering single-sex education projects. Such proposals are insufficiently rigorous for their application to be justified, not only because neuro-scientific studies are far from being able to identify significant sexual differences in the brain, but because the necessary critical dialogue between sciences that might sustain appropriate educational strategies is lacking. We conclude that there is a need to establish such a dialogue between the different areas involved in the neuro-education field. Only through a dialogue of this kind would we be able to base democratic educational models where gender equality is an inalienable value ; Los argumentos neurocientíficos focalizados en demostrar diferencias sexuales en el cerebro gozan de una gran popularidad. Algunas de las conclusiones de dichos experimentos han derivado en propuestas neuroeducativas que promueven la educación segregada por sexos. Estas propuestas carecen del rigor necesario para poder ser aplicadas. No sólo porque los estudios neurocientíficos están lejos de poder aseverar diferencias sexuales significativas en el cerebro, sino porque falta un diálogo crítico entre las ciencias que fundamente estrategias educativas adecuadas en el ámbito de las diferencias sexuales del cerebro. Concluimos que es necesario establecer un diálogo entre los diferentes ámbitos que conforman la neuroeducación, porque solamente de este modo se pueden fundamentar modelos educativos democráticos donde la igualdad de género sea un valor irrenunciable

Entrepreneurial intentions (EI) that direct attention, experience and activities towards business concepts, create the form and direction of organizations at their inception stage. Future organizational outcome, such as survival, development and growth are based on these intentions. The objective of the study is to examine undergraduates' EI on the example of the students of Faculty of Management of Czestochowa University of Technology (FoMCUT). Various dimensions of EI are discussed in the context of gender, student specialization, the level of studies and selected components of entrepreneurial attitude orientation. The conducted research leads to the conclusions concerning the level of EI of students of the faculty which is strictly connected with the science and practice of management and entrepreneurship. The survey took place in December 2013 and January 2014 on the randomly selected sample of 332 students of FoMCUT. The sample amounted to 6.9% of the total population of students of the Faculty. The research tool constructed by the author was the questionnaire. The respondents were the students of both full- and part-time course of study. This study is the basis for the future research on predictors of EI as the foundation of new business ventures. It directs attention towards relationships between entrepreneurial ideas and their possible results. It outlines the background for examining entrepreneurial traits and contexts which are important both for the development of every economy and creation of directions for the practice of management of micro- and small enterprises. Key words: entrepreneurship, new venture creation, education, students.

This study examined the approaches used by two preservice elementary school teachers as they designed and taught antiracist social studies lessons about civil rights history during a community-based field experience. Using a theoretical framework of racial pedagogical content knowledge (RPCK), we identified three domains of RPCK needed to enact antiracist elementary social studies teaching and analyzed how these domains surfaced during lessons and interviews. Our cross-case analysis revealed that both preservice teachers struggled to balance presenting civil rights events as historically significant while also calling their legacy into question. However, the preservice teacher who fostered dialogic and student-centered discussions was ultimately more successful with antiracist teaching. We provide implications for supporting elementary school teachers in developing social studies lessons that embody antiracism and teach the long civil rights movement.

This paper presents the relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and political/ideological clarity as a framework for understanding the nuanced interpretations and applications of critical social studies pedagogy and practice. Using a qualitative case study research design, this study explores the decision-making process of two novice social studies teachers as they decide if and how to utilize critical historical inquiry within their classrooms. Findings indicate that teachers' use of critical historical inquiry is informed by their subject area consciousness and political and ideological clarity which is cultivated through personal, schooling, and communal experiences. However, we also find that a teacher's pedagogy is significantly strengthened when political and ideological clarity are coupled with pedagogical content knowledge to ensure a more developed enactment of critical historical inquiry is reached within the social studies classroom.

In this paper we present the results of a project aiming to comparatively evaluate the perfor-mance of e-waste policies in four European countries (Belgium, Netherlands, France and Switzerland). Such a comparative analysis could help identify best policy practices used by governments when trying to solve the e-waste problem. The topic of e-waste is getting more and more attention from researchers and politicians given the range of problems at stake. However, it is an under-investigated field of research in social sciences, especially in public policy analysis. EU Member States offer interesting case studies because the Union is an early mover when it comes to addressing the e-waste problem, notably thanks to the Waste Electric-al and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive. Since the e-waste problem is a transnational, partly global one, many other countries seek inspiration from European e-waste policies when trying to solve the e-waste problem. In order to understand how the policies of countries can be improved and the extent to which they can serve as an example for other countries, these policies need to be evaluated. Further-more, to understand which instruments work best in a given context, a comparative analysis needs to be carried out. To rate the performance of their e-waste policies and report the state of the e-waste problem to the European Commission, Member States have used a wide range of indicators. We introduce in this paper a methodology allowing us to construct the e-waste pro-file of a country capable of reporting all these indicators in a comparable way. We then com-ment the results and underline the limits of the approach. Finally, we suggest an alternative to the use of indicators to identify the factors conducive to best policy practices capable of solv-ing the e-waste problem.

Secondary school is key to the development of the country because it is the linkage between the basic education and the higher education. Science programme offered in the secondary schools are critical to the social, economic and technological advancement. It is unfortunate that as important as science programme to the development of the nation that the programme is faced with many challenges. This paper examined the problems facing administration of science programme in the secondary schools in Nigeria. Inadequate funding, shortage of science teachers, poor supervision, inadequate instructional materials, inadequate infrastructural facilities, outdated curriculum and poor motivation were identified as the problems facing the administration of science programme in the secondary schools in Nigeria. In order to address these problems, the paper suggested to the government among other thing to increase the funding of secondary school education and that more allocation should be given to the administration of science programme in the secondary schools in Nigeria.

AbstractAmericans' perceptions of science are structured by overlapping cultural fields of politics and religion, and those cultural fields vary over time in how they influence opinion about science. This paper provides a historical narrative for understanding how religious and political factors influence public perceptions of science over the last four decades. Using data from the 1974–2012 General Social Survey, the impact of religious and political factors are examined and compared across decades using heterogeneous ordinal logistic regression models and ordinal structural equation models. Estimates show that the impact of sectarian Protestant identification and fundamentalist beliefs in the Bible are increasingly linked to lower levels of confidence in science, and that these religious factors also influence the impact of political conservatism and Republican Party identification. Political conservatism has become more oppositional towards science, and Republicans have become less enthusiastic compared to periods when science was primarily linked to militaristic endeavors.