At the very moment that humanity is facing a broadening ecological crisis, and that both policy makers and civil society are calling for a transition towards more sustainable societies, modern science seems incapable of providing operational solutions for managing this transition. In this context, both Noble prize laureates and high-level science officials have stressed the need of an in depth transformation of the modes of organization of scientific research for governing the transition to sustainable societies. However, existing analyses of on-going initiatives show that most of the barriers to a major, consolidated effort in sustainability science will not be removed without far-reaching institutional change. To address this challenge, this paper proposes an incremental institutional change approach, based on a gradual institutionalization process of existing initiatives. The analysis in this paper shows that strategic research for sustainability and reform of research funding mechanisms will only be effective if they are supported at the same time by reforms of career and training paths at higher education institutions. To promote this vision, the paper proposes a set of capacity building measures that can be undertaken at the level of research funding, higher education institutions and networking.
After years of political crises and negotiations, the deep-rooted conflict between Dutch- and French-speaking parties recently led to the 2011 agreement concerning a further reform of the Belgian state. This reform mainly furthers decentralises the – already federal – state structure, including the allocation of additional competences and fiscal powers to sub-national entities (Regions and Communities). But this new state reform also brings about a radical reform of the upper house: the Belgian Senate. Since 1995, the Senate was composed of three different types of members: Senators directly elected by two linguistically separated electorate (the Dutch-speaking and the French-speaking electorates), Senators indirectly elected by the Community parliaments and Senators coopted by the two other types. The French- and German-speaking linguistic minorities had a fixed amount of seats in this assembly. The reform of the state radically changed the legislative competences of the Senate and its composition as its members will now be designated by Regional and Community parliaments (plus 10 coopted senators). Broadly speaking, the appointment of the majority of the Senators moved from a system of direct and language-based election to a system of indirect and mixed regional and language-based designation. This change is not without consequence for the representation of linguistic minorities. In May 2014, regional, community and federal elections will be organised in Belgium, testing for the first time this new system of designation of Senators by regional and community parliaments. This paper intends to present the 2013 reform of the Senate in Belgium and its consequence for the representation of linguistic minorities. The situations before and after the reform of the Senate will be compared, not only in terms of the way Senators are appointed but in terms of its consequence on the linguistic aspects of the regional and community elections campaign and of the profile of the appointed Senators.
Ever since the 1990's, deliberative theory has been heralded as the most promising new theory on political legitimacy. Democratic deliberation, conceived as the rational exchange of arguments, is claimed to improve the quality of democratic decision making because it instigates a more considered judgment; it allows citizens to hear other perspectives to a problem and to question their own opinions. However, deliberation's beneficial effects do not come about easily. If deliberative mini-publics want to contribute to the legitimacy of political decision making, they have to reflect the principles of legitimacy in their own functioning. It is therefore crucial to assess the internal legitimacy of deliberative mini-publics before making claims about their contribution to the legitimacy of the political system as a whole. In this paper, we set out to assess the input, throughput and output legitimacy of four deliberative events, namely the British Columbia Citizens' Assembly, the Irish "We, The Citizens"-project, the Belgian G1000, and the Dutch Burgerforum. Based on a most-similar comparison of these cases, we argue that their internal legitimacy differs a great deal, and that this is due to factors relating to their process design, such as funding and recruitment.
What are the outputs and effects of deliberative mini-publics? This is probably one of the most critical questions for any deliberative endeavor. In the realm of large-scale deliberative experiments, the G1000 in Belgium holds a special place: it happened in the wake of the longest government formation ever, it sought to gather 1000 randomly selected citizens in Brussels to discuss key social and political issues, and, above all, it was a fully citizen-led initiative. Its organizers explicitly sought to avoid any political and institutional ties and their focus was much more on guaranteeing a high representativeness and a qualitative process, rather than generating strong political outcomes. While the G1000 did well in terms of representativeness and open agenda setting, the political uptake was very limited in the short term. In the longer term, however, it seems that the effects of the G1000 were larger than initially expected. A rich set of empirical data is used to analyze the interaction between the G1000 with the entire political system by looking at the relation with the media, public opinion, political parties and MPs, and other experiments in deliberative democracy. Such endeavor sheds light on the "so what" question which is key to the development of real-world deliberative democracy.
Ever since the 1990's, deliberative theory has been heralded as the most promising new theory on political legitimacy. Democratic deliberation, conceived as the rational exchange of arguments, is claimed to improve the quality of democratic decision making because it instigates a more considered judgment; it allows citizens to hear other perspectives to a problem and to question their own opinions. However, deliberation's beneficial effects do not come about easily. If deliberative mini-publics want to contribute to the legitimacy of political decision making, they have to reflect the principles of legitimacy in their own functioning. It is therefore crucial to assess the internal legitimacy of deliberative mini-publics before making claims about their contribution to the legitimacy of the political system as a whole. In this paper, we set out to assess the input, throughput and output legitimacy of four deliberative events, namely the British Columbia Citizens' Assembly, the Irish "We, The Citizens"-project, the Belgian G1000, and the Dutch Burgerforum. Based on a most-similar comparison of these cases, we argue that their internal legitimacy differs a great deal, and that this is due to factors relating to their process design, such as funding, recruitment and moderation.
Recruiting candidates for local elections is a complex task. Even though some parties find difficult to attract candidates (mainly due to the decreased party membership and the lack of interest for local politics), one of the most important concerns is related to the subtle balance between different types of candidates on the list. Local parties need candidates who embody two main functions: (1) to attract votes (in open list systems) and (2) to serve the interests of the party once elected. As a result, party leaders place on their electoral list candidates who belong to the party structure (incumbent councilors, party members, etc.) as well as candidates who would attract more votes (for example by including 'external' candidates on the list). Following a large data collection process, this paper relies on a quantitative analysis of the 986 lists that participated in the 2012 local elections in the 262 Walloon municipalities (Belgium). The presence of different types of candidates (incumbent mayor and alderman, incumbent councilor, party member, party activist, external candidate, etc.) will be measured for each individual list. In a second stage, the paper will identify the factors that explain variation of the presence of such candidates across lists and municipalities with the help of demographic factors (size of the municipality, rural vs. urban, etc.), political factors (ideology of the list, independence from the national party, etc.) and party competition factors (number of competing lists, electoral alliances, etc.). Overall, this research seeks to uncover the diversity of local electoral strategies guiding local recruitment and why it matters for the electoral results of the lists.
New Zealand's first General Election -- The New Zealand Company -- A bricklayer in Kent -- The arrival of the ship Tyne -- Prison hulks -- Emigration to New Zealand -- Eliza Hart marries John Wallis -- Dirty politics -- Women's organisations -- Electioneering women -- Minnie Dean -- Fallen women -- The status of Māori women -- Rational dress -- New Zealand Suffrage Medal -- Conserving the Suffrage petition -- The White Ribbon -- 1893 General Election -- 1893 Electoral Bill -- Eliza and Kate Sheppard -- Battle of the Buttonholes -- Women's suffrage petitions -- Canterbury Women's Institute Convention -- National Council of Women -- Suratura Tea -- Eliza's children -- New Zealand timeline -- World suffrage timeline -- Suffrage activities.
"The Balance Destroyed was first submitted as a Masters thesis in 1995; and published in 2003 by the International Research Institute for Maori and Indigenous Education as part of the Mana Wahine Monograph Series. This revised edition includes a new preface and is complemented by the artwork of Robyn Kahukiwa"--Publisher's description
Ko ngā muka oÿ te rino : threads of the two-stranded rope / Rhonda Powell, Elisabeth McDonald, Māmari Stephens and Rosemary Hunter -- Law in Aotearoa New Zealand / Māmari Stephens and Rhonda Powell -- Introducing the feminist and mana wahine judgments / Rosemary Hunter, Māmari Stephens, Elisabeth McDonald and Rhonda Powell -- Taylor v Attorney General [2015] NZHC 1706, commentary : disengaging the disengaged / Margaret Wilson and Julia Amua Whaipooti, judgment : Mihiata Pirini and Lisa Yarwood -- Brooker v Police [2007] NZSC 307, commentary : rights balancing rejected / Ursula Cheer, judgment : Janet McLean -- Ruka v Department of Social Welfare [1997] 1 NZLR 154, commentary : defining a relationship for the purposes of state support / Catriona MacLennan, judgment : Māmari Stephens -- Lawson v Housing New Zealand [1997] 2 NZLR 474, commentary : state housing, market rents and families facing eviction / Dean R Knight, judgment : Natalie Baird -- Seales v Attorney-General [2015] NZHC 1239, commentary : the potential interface of gender and vulnerability in legal contexts / Kate Diesfeld, judgment : Joanna Manning -- Hallagan v Medical Council of New Zealand HC Wellington CIV-2010-485-222, 2 December 2010, commentary : whose choice, whose conscience? / Colin Gavaghan, judgment : Rhonda Powell -- Re W [PPPR] ('Re Williams[PPPR]') (1993) 11 FRNZ 108, commentary : caring for the pregnant woman / Rosemary Hunter, judgment : Holly Hedley -- Quilter v Attorney General [1997] NZCA 207, commentary : same-sex marriage and the Marriage Act / Wendy Aldred, judgment : Clare Abaffy -- Amo'h v Ajo'h (Caldwell v Caldwell) [2010] NZFC 48, commentary : the case of the missing woman / Erin Ebborn, judgment: Ruth Ballantyne -- V v V [2002] NZFLR 1105, commentary : a fair share of the pavlova? / Vivienne Crawshaw and Khyati Shah, judgment : John Adams -- Lankow v Rose [1995] 1 NZLR 277, commentary : property division on the breakdown of a de facto relationship : the search for a just outcome / Nicola Peart and Kyla Mullen, judgment : Mark Bennett -- Director of Human Rights Proceedings v Goodrum [2002] NZHRRT 13, commentary : the challenge of proving discrimination in the face of bias and gender stereotyping / Sam Bookman and Gayathiri Ganeshan, judgment : Selene Mize -- Air Nelson v C [2011] NZCA 466, commentary : she said, he said, from myth to reality / Annick Masselot, judgment : Jenny Catran and Martha Coleman -- Stephens v Barron [2014] NZCA 82, commentary : should company law principles affect duty of care analysis? / Liesle Theron, judgment : Victoria Stace -- Bruce v Edwards [2002] NZCA 294, commentary : taonga tuku iho, the generational treasure of land / Jacinta Ruru, judgment : Kerensa Johnston and Mariah Hori Te Pa -- Waipapakura v Hempton (1914) 33 NZLR 1065, commentary : whitebait for the people / John Dawson, judgment : Emma Gattey -- Squid Fishery Management Company Ltd v Minister of Fisheries (CA39/04, 7 April 2004), commentary : an ecofeminist approach to the impact of fisheries on sea lion mortality / Joanna Mossop, judgment: Nicola Wheen -- West Coast Ent Inc v Buller Coal Lltd [2013] NZSC 87, commentary : broadening an ethic of care to recognise responsibility for climate change / Catherine Iorns, judgment : Estair van Wagner -- R v S [2015] NZHC 801, commentary : reasonable grounds to believe an unconscious woman is consenting? : the relevance of advance consent / Elisabeth McDonald, judgment : Paulette Benton-Greig -- R v Sturm [2004] 1 NZLR 570, commentary : "well, what did you think would happen?" / Cassandra Mudgway, judgment : Sarah Croskery-Hewitt -- Vuletich v R [2010] NZCA 102, commentary : when is sexual violence against adults unusual? : the admissibility of propensity evidence / Elisabeth McDonald, judgment: Carissa Cross -- Police v Kawiti [2000] 1 NZLR 117, commentary : Kāwiti at the centre / Julia Tolmie and Khylee Quince, judgment : Khylee Quince and Julia Tolmie -- R v Wang [1990] 2 NZLR 529, commentary : finding a plausible and credible narrative of self-defence / Lexie Kirkconnell-Kawana and Alarna Sharratt, judgment : Brenda Midson -- R v Te Tomo [2012] NZHC 71, commentary : the truth about sentencing Maori women : giving context to the meaning of mana wahine / Linda Hasan-Stein and Valmaine Toki, judgment : Valmaine Toki -- R v Taueki [2005] NZCA 174, commentary : sentencing guidelines for domestic violence : the missing factors / Yvette Tinsley, judgment : Frances Gourlay.
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The achievement of authentic being : God, man and universe, a Māori view -- The natural world and natural resources : Māori value systems and perspectives -- Kaitiakitanga : a definitive introduction to the holistic world view of the Māori -- Matauranga Māori, Matauranga Pakeha -- The quest for social justice : he pepeha mo enei ra -- Mental health : a case for reform -- angatiratanga me te Kawanatanga -- Prognosis for the socio-economic future of Maoridom -- 'Te Ara Hou Formula' : the principle of evolution not devolution for the Department of Māori Affairs -- Hui protocols : Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere -- Fisheries Commission Hui.
"The Makassar annals Translated and edited by William Cummings. Beginning in the 1630s, a series of annalists at the main courts of Makassar began keeping records with dated entries that recorded a wide variety of specific historical information about a wide variety of topics, including the births and deaths of notable individuals, the actions of rulers, the spread of Islam, trade and diplomacy, the built environment, ritual activity, warfare, internal political struggles, social and kinship relations, eclipses and comets, and more. These Lontaraq bilang were a clear departure in form and function from the genealogically-structured chronicles being composed about the ruling families of Gowa and Talloq in the same era. By the end of 1751, nearly 2400 entries had been completed. These records are a rich lode of information for scholars interested in virtually any aspect of life in premodern Makassar, and are a rare and precious resource for scholars of Southeast Asia. This is the first English translation and annotation of the annals. William Cummings is an associate professor of history at the University of South Florida. He is the author of Making blood white; Historical transformation in early modern Makassar, A chain of kings; The Makassarese chronicles of Gowa and Talloq, and numerous articles about Makassarese history and culture"--Publisher's description
"Te Mātāpunenga sets out the terms and concepts of Māori customary law as they are recorded in traditional Māori accounts and historical records, along with modern interpretations of the terms and concepts, the contexts for their cited uses, etymological information, regional differences, and the manner in which customary concepts have been recognised or modified by the legislative and judicial branches of the New Zealand government since 1840. It provides an authoritative point of reference for those wishing to engage in the ongoing public discourse on the future shape of the legal system of our country"--Publisher information
