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A collective intellectual biography that sheds new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy. Would the most recognizable ideas in the French social sciences have developed without the influence of Brazilian intellectuals? While any study of Brazilian social sciences acknowledges the influence of French scholars, Ian Merkel argues the reverse is also true: the "French" social sciences were profoundly marked by Brazilian intellectual thought, particularly through the University of São Paulo. Through the idea of the "cluster," Merkel traces the intertwined networks of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Fernand Braudel, Roger Bastide, and Pierre Monbeig as they overlapped at USP and engaged with Brazilian scholars such as Mário de Andrade, Gilberto Freyre, and Caio Prado Jr. Through this collective intellectual biography of Brazilian and French social sciences, Terms of Exchange reveals connections that shed new light on the Annales school, structuralism, and racial democracy, even as it prompts us to revisit established thinking on the process of knowledge formation through fieldwork and intellectual exchange. At a time when canons are being rewritten, this book reframes the history of modern social scientific thought

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Introduction -- Contributor -- Time's American Adventures: American Historians and Their Writing since 1776 -- Economics: Its Direct and Indirect Impact in America, 1776-1976 -- Sociology in America: The Experience of Two Centuries -- Understanding Political Life in America: The Contribution of Political Science -- Anthropology and America -- American Geography: Social Science Emergent -- The Social Sciences in America: Some Comments on Past, Present, and Future

This paper finds that the Croatian public's and the social elites' perceptions of science are a mixture of scientific and technological optimism, of the tendency to absolve science of social responsibility, of skepticism about the social effects of science, and of cognitive optimism and skepticism. However, perceptions differ significantly according to the different social roles and the wider value system of the observed groups.The survey data show some key similarities, as well as certain specificities in the configuration of the types of views of the four groups – the public, scientists, politicians and managers. The results suggest that the well-known typology of the four cultures reveals some of the ideologies of the key actors of scientific and technological policy. The greatest social, primarily educational and socio-spatial, differentiation of the perceptions of science was found in the general public.

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION. School Building -- PART ONE Blurred Genres: Reflections on Disciplinary Practices -- CHAPTER 1 Political Theory after the Enlightenment Project -- CHAPTER 2 Twenty-five Years of Social Science and Social Change -- CHAPTER 3 Economic History as a Cure for Economics -- CHAPTER 4 Can the "Other" of Philosophy Speak? -- CHAPTER 5 Reflections on Interdisciplinarity -- PART TWO The State of the Art: New Methods and New Questions -- CHAPTER 6 After History? -- CHAPTER 7 The Global Situation -- CHAPTER 8 Modernity and Identity -- CHAPTER 9 The Role of Norms and Law in Economics: An Essay on Political Economy -- CHAPTER 10 Material Culture, Theoretical Culture, and Delocalization -- CHAPTER 11 Science as Alchemy -- PART THREE Thick Description: Field Overviews and Institutional History -- CHAPTER 12 Whatever Happened to the "Social" in Social History? -- CHAPTER 13 Postcolonialism and Its Discontents: History, Anthropology, and Postcolonial Critique -- CHAPTER 14 Structure, Contingency, and Choice: A Comparison of Trends and Tendencies in Political Science -- CHAPTER 15 Interdisciplinarity at New York University -- PART FOUR The World in Pieces: Political Philosophy and World Governance -- CHAPTER 16 Political Theory and Moral Responsibility -- CHAPTER 17 A "Moral Core" Solution to the Prisoners' Dilemma -- CHAPTER 18 Reinterpreting Risk -- CHAPTER 19 Retrotopia: Critical Reason Turns Primitive -- CHAPTER 20 International Society: What Is the Best that We Can Do? -- AUTHOR NOTES

Solution-oriented social science makes solving problems the object of social science, and working on other people's problems becomes the key driver of the problems to be solved. These solutions may be of relevance for everyday citizens or actors working in government, non-profits, or for-profits. Mark Western argues that approaching research in this way would influence how we choose problems, how we build teams and collaborate, and what methods, tools and techniques we employ.