Suchergebnisse

This study aims to summarize and expand the results of the most recent national and international surveys on teachers of STEM disciplines in Italy, regarding to the following aspects: 1) personal profile, 2) initial and in-service training, 3) didactic practices adopted, 4) school environment. By comparing and elaborating the data collected on samples of Italian teachers from the 2016/17 National Surveys of INVALSI, from PISA 2015, from TIMSS and TIMSS Advanced 2015, from TALIS 2018, and comparing STEM teachers with teachers of humanities, we highlight that: a), among the first, the feminization of the Italian teaching staff is less marked; b) in the primary school the percentage of graduates is lower; c) in the middle school, science teachers update less than mathematics ones; d) in the high school the percentage of those who have received specific training for teaching is lower; e) the frequency of inquiry-based teaching practices, among other practices, is the one that most negatively departs from the average frequency of the OECD countries; f) there are no statistically significant differences between STEM teachers and the other teachers regarding their relationship with the school environment. This analysis suggests the adoption of policies for the insertion in the primary school of graduates teachers, especially in the scientific field, the promotion of a wider initial and in-service training, which includes and incentives a more solid pedagogical preparation also for teachers of the STEM disciplines. ; Questo studio si propone di sintetizzare ed ampliare i risultati delle più recenti indagini nazionali e internazionali sugli insegnanti delle discipline STEM in Italia, relativamente ai seguenti aspetti: 1) profilo anagrafico, 2) formazione iniziale e in servizio, 3) pratiche didattiche adottate, 4) ambiente scolastico. Mettendo a confronto e rielaborando i dati raccolti su campioni nazionali di insegnanti dalle Rilevazioni Nazionali 2016/17 dell'INVALSI, dal PISA 2015, da TIMSS e TIMSS Advanced 2015, da TALIS 2018, e confrontando insegnanti STEM con insegnanti di discipline umanistiche, si evidenzia che: a) tra i primi, la femminilizzazione del corpo docente italiano è meno marcata; b) nella scuola primaria la percentuale di laureati è più bassa, c) nella secondaria di primo grado gli insegnanti di scienze si aggiornano meno di quelli di matematica, d) nella secondaria di secondo grado è più bassa la percentuale di coloro che hanno ricevuto una formazione specifica per l'insegnamento; e) la frequenza di pratiche didattiche basate sull'indagine, tra le altre pratiche, è quella che più si allontana, in negativo, dalla frequenza media dei Paesi OCSE; f) non ci sono differenze statisticamente significative tra insegnanti STEM e insegnanti di altre discipline riguardo al loro rapporto con l'ambiente scolastico.Questa analisi suggerisce l'adozione di politiche per l'inserimento nella scuola primaria di laureati, soprattutto in ambito scientifico, la promozione di una più ampia formazione iniziale e in servizio, che includa e incentivi una più solida preparazione pedagogica anche per insegnanti delle discipline STEM.

A partire da alcune linee di tendenza di lungo periodo, e guardando anche alla domande e alle questioni che emergono dalla situazione di emergenza legata alla pandemia di Covid-19, questo contributo si propone di identificare alcuni elementi della sfida per raggiungere una maggiore parità di genere nella formazione in ambito scientifico e tecnologico, guardando in particolare alla situazione milanese. Dopo una rassegna dei temi emergenti, proveremo a leggere i dati degli atenei milanesi, nel confronto con la situazione nazionale, per poi riflettere sulle politiche in corso.

In several international contexts, the teaching of technology in schools is changing, with the aim of better responding to the demands of young people, to new social and economic expectations, and the needs stemming from the rapid development of the technologies themselves. After a review of the main current trends and the educational questions they pose, the article reflects on the usefulness of introducing a critical-reflexive approach in the teaching of technology, which would give appropriate space also to the social, ethical, economic, and political problems raised by technologies. To this purpose, the article analyzes the possibilities offered by the introduction of new topics in Technology Education curricula, examines the contact points with the field of media education, and presents some opportunities for future developments, both at the educational and research level. ; In diversi contesti internazionali, l'insegnamento della tecnologia nella scuola sta cambiando, con lo scopo di rispondere meglio alle domande dei giovani, alle nuove istanze sociali ed economiche e a quelle poste dal rapido sviluppo delle tecnologie stesse. Dopo una rassegna delle principali tendenze in atto e degli interrogativi che queste pongono sul piano pedagogico e didattico, l'articolo riflette sull'utilità di introdurre un approccio critico-riflessivo nell'insegnamento di questa disciplina, capace di dare il giusto spazio anche ai problemi di natura sociale, etica, economica e politica che le tecnologie sollevano. Per questo, si studiano le possibilità di introdurre nuovi temi nei curricoli di Educazione tecnica, si verificano le tangenze con il campo della media education e si presentano alcune opportunità di futuro sviluppo, tanto sul piano educativo che di ricerca.

This work originates from the conference organized by the Equity and Diversity Committee of the University of Florence and the National Conference of the Gender Parity Organisms of the Italian Universities held in Florence the 12th October 2018. The papers here collected illustrate the obstacles that women encounter in their academic career, especially in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). The issues the volumes deals with are still worth taking into consideration considering that women represent only the 30% of the academic research staff at the world level and that only the 30% of women students choose STEM faculties.

The Constitutional Court has returned to the Parliament the choice about the possibility of using human embryos for research. The Court acknowledges that it is an ethical controversial issue and recognizes that the evaluation should be made by the Parliament. For this reason, the Court's decision can be defined as prudent. The issue remains that of understanding why the earlier case-law has annulled those parts of the law that established choices on issues that were also very much debated, that are equally important from an ethical standpoint. So far, the Constitutional Court has further accentuated the principle of utility – in reference to "needs of procreation" – in respect to the principle of protection of the unborn life, having denied the request of unconstitutionality of the testing of embryo prohibition perhaps may be an answer to a different logic. The current forecast of Law 40 endorses a logic of caution and responsibility, which bans the use of embryos for research. Especially as the research through embryonic stem cells so far has not led to any clinical trial and, most recently, genetic engineering has come to produce genetically modified human embryos, which the scientists themselves, for now, have decided not to implant in uterus.

The Eurozone crisis has provided the EU with the occasion for experiencing the great impact credit rating agencies may have on States and the economy as a whole. Nevertheless, the ability of these agencies to influence governments and public policy seems to stem more from the effects that financial regulations attribute to ratings rather then the credibility or reliability of the agencies themselves. In this light, the essay analyses whether it is opportune to establish a European credit rating agency as a tool to reaffirm the values of modern constitutionalism.

The vision related to the territorial project of the navigable canal, which was supposed to connect the cities of Florence, Prato and Pistoia and, passing through the Nievole Valley, reach the Arno and then the sea, stems from the study of some drawings by Leonardo da Vinci, dating from around 1503-1504. The article retraces the reading of the various signs found, in which there appears to be a mixture between the dimension of cartographic survey and the project idea, in a dialectic between territorial potential and criticalities, according to the multidisciplinary approach to territorial science that was explored by Leonardo.

In this intervention the idea is submitted that the interim measures in the case Casapound v. Facebook, by means of which Fb Ireland was ordered by the Rome Tribunal (on December 12, 2019) to reactivate the profile of the extreme right wing political association Casapound - previously closed as a consequence of an alleged violation of fb standards concerning hate speech - can be criticized under international and european law. Such criticisms stem both from the overall picture of the international and european legal standards concerning hate speech (par. 2) and from the relevant case law of the European Court of Human rights (paras. 3 and 4).

With the rise of modernity, law faces an irreducible contradiction. It must stem the State's available strength, while at the same time use this strength to make its decisions binding. The author, starting from this paradox, analyses the legal, philosophical and literary discourses of modernity to find the right tools to properly differentiate law and "vis", overcoming two philosophical and juridical traditions: the one depicting law as a Leviathan, and the one wanting to make it immune to all forms of violence. In particular, through an unedited reading of Kafka and Melville's narratives, she demonstrates how the modern legal systems, rather than just being instruments of control, are dreams and fantasies of non-violence.

During the crisis the Italian industry suffered a sharp contraction of output and employment. An opposite trend showed the New Member States (NMS) in Eastern Europe, to which continued the process of industrial relocation of Italian firms. The analysis of Unit Labor Cost (ULC), measured in Purchasing Power Parity, shows that this competitive gap stems from two factors. The first is of real character and relates to the low growth of labor productivity in the Italian industry. The second factor is of a monetary nature and relates to the undervaluation of the exchange rate of the currencies of the NMS with the euro.JEL Classification: F41; F14; F31; E24.Keywords:

The project of a tax as an own resource of the European Union stems from dissatisfaction with the financial set-up of the EU, which has never had true financial autonomy. It also draws new and unexpected inspiration from the proposals for reforming the European budget, aimed at containing the crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic and supporting the economic recovery of the member states. In this context, an own tax would allow the Union greater financial autonomy, new own resources to support post-pandemic economic recovery, and greater visibility to European citizens. The essay outlines the possible legal basis and the essential features of a European corporate income tax, while highlighting the implementation perplexities related to the unanimity mechanism for its approval.

The volume analyses the contribution made by companies, institutions and research bodies operating in the region of Tuscany for the development of new technologies in the field of cultural heritage. The aim is to contribute to the current debate on the innovative capacity of artistic heritage and on cities of art, understood as creative environments characterised by the presence of clusters that are capable of generating and developing heritage-driven innovations. Through the analysis of research projects and innovation networks, the studies contained in the volume investigate the instance of laser technologies for restoration and of new ICT technologies for the digitisation of cultural heritage. The volume stems from a three-year collaboration with the "Nello Carrara" Institute of Applied Physics of the CNR of Florence.

As a critic of the New International Order arisen in the aftermath of the end of bipolarism, Danilo Zolo rejects the progressive and optimistic image of contemporary international theory. First, he vehemently denounces the hierarchical nature of the Liberal Order, as well as the "global wars" which necessarily stems from it. Secondly, Zolo criticizes the political and legal cosmopolitanism which operates as a legitimating philosophy of the Global Order. Eventually, he puts forward a reversed image of the history of the last decades. For Zolo, globalization appears to be, not the era of a difficult but unrestrainable construction of a large web of (new) international institutions, but, rather, an era that sees the collapse of the classic institutions (beginning with war itself) that constituted the Westphalian system.

This paper examines the legislation and the administrative measures adopted in Austria over the first two months of the Coronavirus pandemic. After summarising the main contents of the provisions, the constitutional framework in which they are embedded is presented. Despite the impressive legislative and regulatory production, the marginalization of parliament and of the Länder, as well as the short but significant limitations in the enjoyment of fundamental rights, a state of emergency has never been declared. The measures have been taken respecting the ordinary system of sources of law and no severe violations of the constitution seem to be emerging. Some concern stems however from the dismissive attitude of the federal chancellor towards judicial review of the measures, which might have long lasting negative consequences on the legal culture in the country. ; open

The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical investigation of labour market segmentation and flexibility. For this purpose, the techniques based on the analysis of job creation and destruction ( see, Davis et al, 1996) have been used. The data analysed stem from a sample of manufacturing firms located in Emilia-Romagna and cover a period of eight years. This dataset allows to analyse the level of employment of both blue and white collars. The analysis shows in details the different dynamics of those two component of manufacturing employment. It is argued that white and blue collars can be considered as two different occupational sub-systems (see, Osterman 1982, 1984) and that internal la-bour market segmentation gives rise to divergent indicators of numerical flexibility for the two components of em-ployment.