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In the future economic system, as suggested by TOP Tax system, that total money supply (real money and debt money/loan money) to be necessary for circulation in banks should be at the minimum level of 100% and at maximum level 110% of the value of GDP of the country. Out of this total money supply in the economic system, 99.7% of the money will be in dematerialised (non physical) form in the accounts of citizens, Governments and companies. Only small portion of money, equalling just 0.3% of the total money in the economic system, will be in physical form i.e. currency notes or coins. All high valued paper currency notes will be demonetised. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

PurposeThe paper seeks to understand and analyse how integration changes in one supply chain are influenced by the overlap between chainsDesign/methodology/approachThe paper discusses the concepts of supply chain, firm network, overlap and integration. It takes a dynamic perspective focusing on continuing processes of change in the degree of integration within and between networks. The three examples are based on more than 70 interviews over a long period of time of firms involved in the transportation, automotive and construction industries.FindingsThe paper finds that the overlap between supply chains in terms of actors, resources and activities could seriously delay, hinder and increase costs to the process when changing the degree of integration in one chain. Therefore, supply chain myopia might lead to an increase in the total costs of a firm. Further, there is a trade‐off between the costs of integration in the focal chain and increasing costs arising from decreased integration in overlapping supply chains. Failure to consider the negative effects and the resistance caused by delays and dissolving relationships within overlapping supply chains can be detrimental. The overlap between chains can be both positive and negative, and can be reversed over time.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to three examples and the interaction between two supply chains in each case. Since interdependencies might exist between several supply chains, the effects of change could have implications for more than one other supply chain.Practical implicationsWhen changing existing or developing supply chains for new businesses, firms need to take into consideration the effects and reactions of other chains. Integration between two chains might facilitate the development of business but may also actually hinder its future development.Originality/valueThe interdependencies between supply chains imply that strong pressure towards supply chain integration focusing on one chain, in literature and practice, has to be questioned for the single firm. Another specific value is the importance of existing chains for the development of new businesses.

Lean supply ‐ the system of purchasing and supply chain management required to underpin lean production ‐ has been characterized as "beyond partnership". Re‐examines this idea, comparing the techniques which constitute lean supply with those contained in supply chain management, partnership sourcing, and strategic purchasing. The observations and conclusions are based on research principally in the automotive and electronics industries in the UK, Italy, Scandinavia, the USA and Japan.

Public water supply requirement and its measurement -- The organisation and financing of public water supplies -- Hydrology and surface supplies -- Groundwater supplies -- Dams, impounding reservoirs and river intakes -- Chemistry, microbiology and biology of water -- Storage, clarification and filtration of water -- Specialised and advanced water treatment processes -- Disinfection of water -- Hydraulics -- Service reservoirs -- Pumping plant : electrical, control and instrumentation systems -- Pipes, pipeline construction and valves -- Pipeline and distribution system design and analysis -- Distribution practice

Issues for called Spring 1995- ; Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for 1983-198 issued by: U.S. General Services Administration; by: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service. ; Prices updated by annual supplement: GSA supply catalog. Price update. ; Kept up-to-date by: GSA supply catalog. Change bulletin. ; Formed by the union of: United States. Federal Supply Service. GSA supply catalog. Furniture; GSA supply catalog. Industrial products; G.S.A. supply catalog. Office products; and: United States. Federal Supply Service. GSA supply catalog. Tools.

Mode of access: Internet. ; Vols. for 1983- issued by: U.S. General Services Administration; - by: U.S. General Services Administration, Federal Supply Service. ; Kept up-to-date by: GSA supply catalog. Change bulletin. ; Formed by the union of: GSA supply catalog. Furniture; GSA supply catalog. Industrial products; GSA supply catalog. Office products; GSA supply catalog. Tools.