Suchergebnisse

1. The character of the environmental challenge -- 2. York's and Edinburgh's sanitation in national, demographic, legal and governmental context -- 3. Civic-funded sanitation services: waste disposal, street cleaning and drainage -- 4. Regulating insanitary nuisances.

AbstractMany developing countries lack universal sanitation services for residents. Years of inappropriate disposal of solid waste and wastewater have increased the potential for devastating environmental and health issues. An economic valuation of sanitation services may help in planning investment projects by demonstrating the benefits that households derive from having access to improved sanitation. We examine Guatemala as a case study and employ a series of hedonic models to estimate the value that households in Guatemala assign to the sanitation services of solid waste collection and connections to sewer infrastructure. Findings indicate that residents are willing to pay higher rents for both wastewater and solid waste removal. Policy implications are discussed.

As Asia rapidly urbanizes, providing water and sanitation services has become problematic. Most developing country governments in the region cannot deliver the required services themselves, and the private sector is reluctant to invest due to the risks and low returns, especially for sanitation. Public–private partnerships in water supply and sanitation have had mixed results, making sustainable sanitation a particularly challenging problem. Fortunately, there are new and innovative ways to solve the problem of sustainable financing for water and sanitation services. This book brings together a collection of studies that discuss the recent developments in the water and sanitation sector in Asia and, most importantly, identify their spillover effects. This first attempt of its kind aims to give budget constrained policy makers the incentive to introduce these approaches for the sustainable financing of infrastructure and, in particular, water and sanitation.

1. Introduction : harnessing social and technical diversity for sustainable development / Joost van Buuren, Shaaban Mgana and Bas van Vliet -- 2. Network governance and waste and sanitation service provision : an introduction to the modernised mixtures approach / Bas van Vliet. [et al.] -- 3. Sanitation and solid waste management options for sustainable service provision in East Africa / Joost van Buuren. [et al.] -- 4. Recognising and strengthening the role of households in solid waste management / Asia Oberlin Solomon and Gert Spaargaren -- 5. Informality and public-private partnerships in waste and sanitation management / Kees Burger and Mesharch W. Katusiimeh -- 6. Local NGOs and CBOs in urban sanitation and solid waste management : evidence from East African metropolises / Judith T. Tukahirwa, Arthur P. J. Mol and Peter Oosterveer -- 7. Local governments and regional alliances in the delivery of municipal environmental services : lessons learnt from municipalities in the Lake Victoria Basin of East Africa / Christine Majale, Peter Oosterveer and Caleb Mireri -- 8. Converging scales of urban sanitation infrastructures and management / Sammy Letema and Bas van Vliet -- 9. Conclusions / Bas van Vliet, Joost van Buuren and Shaaban Mgana.

This is a conference paper. ; This project focused on the planning and implementation of action research on alternative strategies for environmental sanitation and waste management in six peri-urban coastal communities in south Asia. Five universities and five NGOs from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, The Netherlands and Finland1 cooperated with local Governments. This project developed as a result of the need for more research in the area of sanitation. The reader should be aware that this paper represents the processed used and the outcomes from an evaluation of this project. The objectives of this project were to measure the (1) cost-effectiveness of innovative and replicable approaches to excreta and solid waste management in low income peri-urban settlements; (2) to measurably improve sanitation conditions and practices; (3) to scale up the tested approaches; (4) and to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and implementation skills of the participating research and civic society institutions. The project used participatory methods to promote the adoption of improved sanitation and hygiene. Local women were trained to produce and install sanitation facilities, generate work and income and improve their status. Innovations were toilets and rainwater harvesting tanks built by local women masons, including lower cost toilets, water tanks and eco-latrines, home composting and vermi composting. The research used an experimental design of three study and three control communities.

Sanitation services still not fully cover the urban population and this leads to different types of pollution and affects the urban landscape. This paper aims a geographical approach by highlighting territorial disparities in the Romanian counties regarding the urban population access to waste collection services and to examine the environmental issues. Statistical database processed by ascending hierarchical cluster analysis are mapped at the level of Romanian counties achieving a spatial-temporal analysis for the period 2003-2008. The paper also discuss about the current dysfunctions existing in urban waste management from Romania. Development of waste
management facilities are in the process of transition from a traditional system based only on landfilling towards an integrated waste management system which develops the recycling and recovery of waste generated. Romania as an EU member country must improve the quality of sanitation services. Each city must provide the full collection of municipal waste generated in order to eliminate the illegal
dumping.

The Department of Settlements and Cleanliness of Pangkep Regency is tasked with maintaining the cleanliness and comfort of Pangkep Regency so that Pangkep City becomes a clean and beautiful city. Duties and responsibilities are on the Department of Settlements and Sanitation to jointly maintain the city of Pangkep so that it remains clean and beautiful. The waste generated by the community can generate retribution for Pangkep Regency which will later be managed into the Pangkep Regency APBD every year, so far the Settlement Service is and the cleanliness of Pangkep Regency in taking waste retribution is still used in traditional ways by using a semicomputer or manual system. So that the receipt of waste retribution is prone to being diverted by irresponsible people, therefore the writer tries to create a system which later can control waste retribution. admin. With a computerized system using a visual basic application program and using the Naïve Bayes algorithm with an accuracy of 77, 50% where later employees in charge of transporting waste from households, restaurants, hospitals and markets are in accordance with the costs set by the community and government, in this case the Department Settlement and Cleanliness of Pangkep Regency. The employee in charge will distribute tickets to every household, restaurant, hospital and market every day so that how many tickets are carried by the employee will be calculated the remaining tickets multiplied by the ticket price based on the color of the tickets that have been determined by the Pangkep District Office of Settlement and Sanitation.

The Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) Guidance Notes aim to share essential knowledge to embed CWIS principles in planning and delivering sanitation services to developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). These easy-to-understand learning materials are prepared by Water Sector Group of ADB, and structured along the ADB project processing cycle. They can be used to advocate and share the benefits of CWIS to all stakeholders.