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AbstractThis chapter provides a detailed case study of participatory evaluation in a large‐scale community‐revitalization program, using grassroots "citizen learning teams" to monitor and track progress. Lessons and implications for scaling up participatory evaluation in government programs are discussed.

The latest in a series about emerging safeguarding practice looks at how the NSPCC is supporting the social care and health sectors to implement evidence-based services for children and families

Once the value of an innovative intervention for children and families has been recognised, the next step is to effectively implement and replicate it on a scale that can benefit even more people

Th e educational novations that have already proven their eff ectiveness and relevance at the level of pilot projects, programs, practices, including in other countries, are considered as one of the ways to improve the quality of education in Ukraine. It demands using the applied potential of the concept of scaling up, which allows to justify the structure and algorithm of interrelated actions at diff erent institutional and managerial levels. Th e relevance of the article is determined by the fact that a scaling up in the fi eld of edu cation at international level is currently infl uenced by interdisciplinary intelligence and the rapid accumulation of empirical data in new areas of educational activities, including sus tainable development. However, among domestic scientists and experts, the topic of scal ing up still remains undervalued. Th is presupposes the expediency of generalizing the con ceptual framework and institutional scaling up practices for further conceptualization of the scaling up process. Th e purpose of this article is to formulate a multidimensional conceptualization of scal ing up of educational novations, which takes into account modern theoretical and empirical studies of scaling up in socially signifi cant areas, as well as the logic of consistency of key components, processes and results of scaling up. Th e novelty of this study is characterized by the following provisions. Th e multidimen sional conceptualization of scaling up of educational novations was further developed. It is suggested to consider novation as a scaling object, because this notion is broader than innova tion and covers a wider range of educational activities, including the implementation of sus tainable development principles. Th e necessity to introduce the English term "scaling site" into the domestic scientifi c circulation is grounded, which is important for understanding and interpretation of the scaling up conception. Among the results of the study it is worth noting the author's proposed visualization of the scaling up model, which generates various interdisciplinary ideas and structures of the scaling up process from a systemic point of view and covers the key stages and cycles of scal ing up. Th e focus is also on elements and strategies of scaling up (subjects, contexts, dimen sions, resources and fi nancial models, approaches and drivers of scaling up), adaptation sce narios (sites, levels, sectors, cycles and duration of scaling up) and object transformation sce narios (including the monitoring and evaluation). Th e study allows concluding that it is appropriate to use the scaling up conception in areas of educational activities, for which the eff ectiveness and rates of implementation of relevant novations are critical.

After decades of neglect, volatile food prices and the persistence of hunger and malnutrition have brought agriculture and nutrition to the forefront of the international development agenda. As governments, donors, and other key actors deepen their commitments, they are also increasing their focus on how successful development interventions can be "scaled up," meaning how they can be expanded, replicated, and adapted to new and different contexts, for greater and sustained impact. In late 2011, IFPRI's 2020 Vision Initiative approached Johannes Linn to develop a set of policy briefs that would contribute to a better understanding of scaling up in agriculture, rural development, and nutrition. The authors and other experts met at a workshop in Washington, DC, in January 2012, to discuss their draft briefs. The resulting series brings together a variety of experiences from around the world, delineates different pathways for scaling up, identifies both the key drivers that push the scaling-up process forward and the key spaces that enable initiatives to be scaled up, and outlines the lessons learned. These briefs were written by a wide range of actors, from local communities and nongovernmental organizations to private businesses and donors. They provide an invaluable perspective on the challenges and opportunities for successful scaling up. ; Introduction Shenggen Fan and Rajul Pandya-Lorch; 1. Overview: Pathways, Drivers, and Spaces Johannes F. Linn; 2. Investing in Agriculture to Reduce Poverty and Hunger Kevin Cleaver; 3. Moving Local- and Community-Driven Development from Boutique to Large Scale Hans P. Binswanger- Mkhize and Jacomina P. de Regt; 4. Empowering Local Communities in the Highlands of Peru Barbara Massler; 5. Rehabilitating China's Loess Plateau John Mackedon; 6. Building on Successes with Regreening in the West African Sahel Chris Reij; 7. Scaling Up Agricultural Value Chains for Pro-Poor Development Arntraud Hartmann; 8. Scaling Up Agricultural Supply Chains in the Private Sector Beth Sauerhaft and Ian Hope-Johnstone; 9. SUN: A Global Movement to Accelerate Reduction of Maternal and Child Undernutrition David Nabarro, Purnima Menon, Marie Ruel, and Sivan Yosef; 10. Alive & Thrive: Expanding Community Interventions to Improve Nutrition in Bangladesh Raisul Haque, Kaosar Afsana, Tina Sanghvi, Saiqa Siraj, and Purnima Menon; 11. Delivering Nutrients Widely through Biofortification: Building on Orange Sweet Potato Howdy Bouis and Yassir Islam; 12. Addressing Institutional Challenges to Large-scale Implementation Richard Kohl; 13. Aga Khan Development Network: Expanding Rural Support Programs in South Asia Henri Suter, Leanne Sedowski, and Joanne Trotter; 14. SEWA: Supporting Village-Level Organizations to Improve Rural Livelihoods Raj M. Desai and Shareen Joshi; 15. Oxfam America: Learning from the System of Rice Intensification in Northern Vietnam Gina E. Castillo, Minh Nguyet Le, and Kimberly Pfeifer; 16. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Catalyzing Agricultural Innovation Prabhu Pingali; 17. IFAD: Adopting a New Systematic Approach to Scaling Up Agricultural and Rural Development Cheikh M. Sourang; 18. Learning from the Experience of Vertical Funds Keith Bezanson, Paul Isenman, and Alex Shakow; 19. Going to Scale in Fragile States: Can it Work? Should We Try? Laurence Chandy; 20. Lessons on Scaling-up: Opportunities and Challenges for the Future Johannes F. Linn ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; 2020 ; DGO; PHND

This costing study is Part 2 of a broader implementation research study designed to establish the feasibility of integrating successful interventions and lessons from the Scaling Up Family Planning (SUFP) project into Zambia's health system at the conclusion of the project, and to contribute to the global learning on scaling up family planning services. The main contribution of the costing study was to examine the cost implications in determining the scope and pace of scale up. Challenges experienced during the project reportedly included lack of equipment and limited space in some facilities, government staff shortages, and irregular access to supplies of oral contraceptives and condoms at the community level. Sustainability of interventions after the end of the project was a major concern, with doubts over the ability of the government to cover the costs of outreach, supply chain, and community-based distribution (CBD) support costs that have been covered by the project. Finally, finding solutions to high CBD attrition rates was identified as a key challenge. The report details lessons learned from this project and makes recommendations, including further research that would be beneficial both for the country and globally.

This report is a synthesis of the technical assistance (TA) Scaling Up Rural Sanitation and Hygiene in Indonesia, carried out by the World Bank - Water and Sanitation Program (WSP). It was developed in consultation with the Directorate of Environmental Health, Directorate General of Public Health and Centre for Health Promotion of the Ministry of Health (MoH) and with key institutions in the focus provinces in West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara. Reform in the rural sanitation sub-sector began in 2005 following the successful introduction of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) in 6 districts. In 2007, the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) supported the Ministry of Health (MoH) to complement the use of CLTS with behavior change communication (BCC) and development of the sanitation market. This new approach was piloted at scale in 28 out of 29 districts in East Java Province in 2007-2011 under the Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) TA. Impressive results were achieved in just ten months, with 262 villages becoming Open Defecation Free (ODF). In response, MoH adopted the district-wide approach in 2008 and launched a new rural sanitation development strategy called Community-Based Total Sanitation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat) or STBM. The STBM strategy has three elements: demand creation through CLTS and BCC; supply chain improvement through developing the local sanitation market; and creation of and enabling environment through advocacy for local formal and informal regulations and resource mobilization. This project was was also complementary to a large-scale World Bank-funded program called PAMSIMAS, which has evolved from a project to a national platform through which the government intends to reach its newly adopted target of universal access to water supply and sanitation by 2019. Some of the key results and achievements are as follows : i) Well-functioning STBM Secretariat set up to co-ordinate STBM implementation nationwide, ii) Local government capacity in implementing STBM through demand creation, supply improvement and enabling environment increased, and iii) More effective STBM implementation at provincial and district Level. Some of the lesson learned: i) A capacity building framework to strengthen institutions at all levels is key for scaling up in a decentralized environment; ii) Well-crafted advocacy and communications are valuable for disseminating tested approaches and facilitating their adoption at scale; iii) Engagement of a range of institutions also strengthens campaign outreach; iv) An effective monitoring system is invaluable and it use should be formally integrated into the routine operations of government agencies; v) Local government can help to develop the rural sanitation market; and vi) The scaling up tested approaches can be enhanced greatly through their incorporation into established programmes.