Suchergebnisse

The article discusses the features of teaching municipal law at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. This was in uenced by various factors, the central place among which is the dynamics of ideas about the essence of local self-government. The issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law, Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood. Devoting their work to the problems of the organization and activities of local authorities, the teachers of the department, on the one hand, maintained the continuity of scienti c views, strengthening the traditions of the national state-law school, and on the other hand, they created the foundation for future statelegal (constitutionallegal) transformations, sensitively responding to the requirements of the time, and sometimes ahead of them. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law and Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The paper points to the contribution that the teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood as a whole.

The article analyzes the basic provisions of the draft federal law "On science, technology and innovation activities in the Russian Federation" related to research and innovation infrastructure. The author presents a comparative analysis of the draft law and the norms of the current federal legislation and other normative acts regulating research and innovation infrastructure. The main methods of the research are comparative, technical, analytical and descriptive. In comparison with the current laws, the draft law gives a fuller description of the research infrastructure, in particular, the definitions of its main objects and components (research equipment, scientific collection, unique scientific installation, core facility, megascience installation, fund to support science, etc.). However, there is still no systematic approach to the issue: the draft law doesn't contain neither the definitions of the research infrastructure and its structural features, nor the precise formulation of the relationship between research and innovation infrastructure. All these gaps don't allow obtaining a single interpretation of the research infrastructure, and is a significant disadvantage of the bill. In its further development, the author also recommends taking into account the foreign experience, especially in regulating scientific collections. For example, it is necessary to consider enshrining scientific collections as bioresource centers to provide an opportunity for their subsequent integration with international databases. The article considers the novel about the core facility as an independent legal entity. In addition, the need for creation of the Registry of core shared research facilities, which is stated in the bill, is questionable, given that the web-portal "Research infrastructure of the Russian Federation" (http://ckp-rf.ru) has been successfully operating since 2011. The latest contains information not only about the core facilities, but also unique scientific installations, as well as the results of their ...

This essay emphazises as «natural law» represents the core of the concept of «science» in Giambattista Vico. This philosopher, by refusing skepticism on the one hand, and the doctrine of natural law on the other, makes of natural law the focus of various questions, from politics to jurisprudence, from «equity» to the «Reason of State». ; Il saggio evidenzia come il «diritto naturale» rappresenti il cuore nevralgico della «scienza» di Giambattista Vico. Questi, nell'opporsi allo scetticismo, da un lato, e al giusnaturalismo, dall'altro, fa del «diritto naturale» il punto di incontro di molteplici questioni, dalla politica alla giurisprudenza, dall'«equità» alla «Ragion di Stato».

This article attempts to reveal the contents of a relatively young concept of "scientiic diplomacy", which includes three dimensions (science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, science for diplomacy), as well as to identify key practices of all three dimensions of science diplomacy. The author identiies key practices that illustrate the three dimensions of science diplomacy: development of recommendations to the international policy objectives (science in diplomacy); simpliication of the process of international scientiic cooperation (diplomacy for science); the use of scientiic alliances in order to improve international relations between countries (science for diplomacy). The author carries out a systematic analysis and gives a generalized description of their efectiveness and eiciency. The article analyzes the experience of the international cooperation of scientists through personal initiative and under the auspices of the National Science Foundation and other associations, such as the AAAS, GIS or LIGO. They have become a platform for studying the practices of the irst and second dimensions of science diplomacy – "science in diplomacy" and "diplomacy for science." Particular attention is paid to the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, which initiated the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Afairs, and, accordingly, the development of such a dimension as a "science for diplomacy". Date of scientists who are in the movement, make a signiicant contribution to the development of international scientiic cooperation and create conditions to improve the political climate. The author proposes as a landmark example of the third dimension of science diplomacy consider the Union of Concerned Scientists – Union of Concerned Scientists, which was founded in 1969 by faculty and students at MIT. Also, special attention is paid to the periodization of the development of science diplomacy, as the author concludes that it was after World War II, when scientists themselves have become actively involved in the resolution of ...

The main provisions of Criminal Law relating to the economic category of 'value' are discussed in the article. Text analysis of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation indicates the need for a uniform understanding of this category, regardless of the criminal law. During the investigation and trial of many types of crimes appraisement is signifcant and needs a deeper comprehension. While appointment, production and evaluation of forensic examinations, the resolution of which raises the question of valuation, inevitable complications arise due to the intricacy of determining the content of the specialized knowledge necessary for their implementation. The main provisions of Criminal Law relating to the economic category of 'value' as well as the interpretations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation concerning value determination in the Criminal Law are discussed in the article. The inadmissibility of forensic appraisal examinations appointment and conduct is justifed, since the goals and norms of the legislation on appraisal and appraisal activities do not always correspond to the tasks and methods of forensic expert valuation of goods, services, cultural values. The necessity of development of new and improvement of existing forensic expert valuation methods in the framework of such examinations as forensic product examination, forensic economics, construction forensic etc. is presented. ; В статье рассмотрены основные положения уголовного права, касающиеся экономической категории стоимости. Анализ текста Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации свидетельствует о необходимости единообразного понимания данной категории вне зависимости от уголовно-правовой нормы. Определение стоимости при расследовании и судебном разбирательстве многих видов преступлений имеет важное значение и нуждается в более глубоком ее понимании. При назначении, производстве и оценке судебных экспертиз, на разрешение которых ставится вопрос об определении стоимости, возникают неизбежные трудности, обусловленные сложностью определения содержания специальных знаний, необходимых для проведения исследований. В статье проанализированы основные положения уголовного права, касающиеся экономической категории стоимости, и разъяснения Верховного Суда Российской Федерации по вопросу определения стоимости в уголовном судопроизводстве. Обоснована недопустимость назначения и проведения судебных оценочных экспертиз, так как цели и нормы законодательства об оценке и оценочной деятельности не всегда соответствуют задачам и методикам судебно-экспертного определения стоимости товаров, услуг, культурных ценностей. Показана необходимость создания новых и совершенствования существующих методик судебно-экспертного определения стоимости в рамках таких экспертиз, как судебно-товароведческая, судебно-экономическая, судебная строительно-техническая и др.

Il lavoro indaga sulle linee evolutive del diritto agrario nella prospettiva europea, ponendo in evidenza le sfide e le criticità che nel XXI secolo hanno connotato le scelte operate nell'ambito della politica agricola comune. All'interno di questa prospettiva, specifica attenzione è assegnata ai temi dell'impresa agricola e della stessa perimetrazione dell'attività agricola; temi risalenti nell'ordinamento italiano, ma rilevanti anche nell'ordinamento polacco, come sottolineato più volte negli studi di Roman Budzinowski. L'analisi investe in particolare le riforme di questo secolo, dalla MTR del 2003 alle riforme del 2013 e del 2021 con la riscoperta dell'agricoltura come attività produttiva, sottolineando l'emergere di nuovi modelli sistemici, che finiscono per costruire Codici europei dell'agricoltura. Vengono poi richiamate le ultime novità introdotte dal Trattato di Lisbona, da alcuni recenti regolamenti in tema di controlli ufficiali e dai documenti della Commissione sul Green Deal europeo, con la connessa attenzione ai temi del benessere animale e della tutela di ogni forma di vita e dell'ambiente nella sua complessità e unità, per concludere che le complesse vicende di questi due primi decenni del XXI secolo si caratterizzano per la crescente attenzione verso le scienze della vita come elemento essenziale e connotante dell'attività dell'impresa agricola in tutte le sue diverse declinazioni. ; W artykule przedstawiono ewolucję prawa rolnego w perspektywie europejskiej, ukazując wyzwania i problemy, które towarzyszyły decyzjom podejmowanym w ramach Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej w XXI wieku. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zagadnienia przedsiębiorstwa rolnego oraz granic działalności rolniczej; są to ważne kwestie we włoskim prawie, ale istotne także dla prawa polskiego, co w swoich pracach wielokrotnie podkreślał Roman Budzinowski. W analizie uwzględniono reformy przeprowadzone w XXI wieku, od śródokresowego przeglądu z 2003 r. po reformę z 2013 r., gdy ponownie dostrzeżono w rolnictwie działalność produkcyjną, uwidoczniono także kwestię powstania nowych modeli systemowych, które doprowadziły do stworzenia europejskich kodeksów rolnych. W dalszej kolejności ukazano ostatnie zmiany wprowadzone przez Traktat z Lizbony, wychodząc od niektórych niedawnych rozporządzeń dotyczących kontroli urzędowych oraz dokumentów Komisji w zakresie Europejskiego Zielonego Ładu, z uwzględnieniem kwestii dobrostanu zwierząt, a także ochrony wszystkich form życia i środowiska w jego złożoności i jedności. Pozwoliło to stwierdzić, że wydarzenia pierwszych dwóch dekad XXI wieku skierowały uwagę na nauki o życiu jako ważny element działalności przedsiębiorstwa rolnego we wszystkich jego aspektach. ; The article focuses on the evolutionary trends of agricultural law in a European perspective, highlighting the challenges and problematic issues that have accompanied the choices made in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy in the 21st century. In this perspective, particular attention has been paid to the issues of the agricultural business and the subject of the limits of agricultural activity; these are issues raised in the Italian legal system, but also relevant to the Polish legal system, as Roman Budzinowski has repeatedly stressed in his works. The analysis considers in particular the reforms of the present century, from the Mid-Term Review 2003 to the reforms of 2013 and of 2021, when there occurred a rediscovery of agriculture as a productive activity; it also highlights the emergence of new systemic models that eventually formed the European agricultural codes. Then, the most recent innovations introduced by the Lisbon Treaty are recalled, starting from some recent regulations on official controls and Commission documents on the European Green Deal and animal welfare, to the protection of all forms of life and the environment in its complexity and unity, which leads to the conclusion that the complex events of the first two decades of the 21st century are marked by an increasing attention directed towards the life sciences seen as an essential and distinctive element of the activity of an agricultural enterprise in all its forms.