Suchergebnisse

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una reflexión sobre las aportaciones teóricas del feminismo a las ciencias sociales a partir de la revisión de algunos de los conceptos claves que han acompañado al pensamiento feminista, incluyendo algunos de los elementos centrales del debate contemporáneo. Como parte de esta reflexión se enfatizará en las implicaciones y los alcances ideológico-políticos de dichas aportaciones. Finalmente, se propone reflexionar sobre éstas y sus desafíos feministas en el contexto latinoamericano. ; The purpose of this article is to present a reflection on the theoretical contributions made by feminism to Social Sciences. By implementing some of the principal feminist concepts and contemporary main debate elements, this article will emphasize the ideological and political implications of said contributions. Finally, the text intends to think about them and their feminist challenges in the Latin American context.

Internet and World Wide Web were designed as research resources. It has been diverted society that this use was planned. Many aspects of our daily life, of which no less important are the media, have changed dramatically in the last twenty years. In a just act of reciprocity, it would be nice that science and research from obtaining advantage of these changes to its aims and procedures. In this paper we apply this thinking to science as a shared activity and emerging forms of research.

Se ha evidenciado un bajo uso de métodos y técnicas cuantitativas en investigaciones académicas de las Ciencias Sociales, con excepción de la Economía. El objetivo del capítulo es establecer cuáles son las razones que llevan esta baja aplicación y mostrar dos experiencias de uso de técnicas cuantitativas como los números índice –NI- y el análisis de contenido –AC. El método usado es cualitativo y cuantitativo a la vez, con el uso de fuentes primarias y secundarias y la aplicación de técnicas como la entrevista, la revisión documental, los NI y el AC. Se concluye que el escaso uso de las técnicas cuantitativas obedece a un desconocimiento de estas herramientas por parte de los investigadores, antes que a una desconfianza o bajo interés sobre las mismas; respecto los NI, se demostró cómo esta técnica permite asignar un solo número o dato a un conjunto de variables y permitiendo valorar y comparar en conjunto una categoría o unidad de análisis, facilitando la generalización de los resultados; por su parte, el AC permite mostrar el comportamiento de diferentes variables en el discurso oficial o político a lo largo de un periodo significativo, mostrando porcentajes de registro que señalan el grado de importancia que se les concede. ; There has been a low use of quantitative methods and techniques in Social Sciences research with the exception of Economics. The aim of the paper is to establish the reasons for this low application and show two experiences of using quantitative techniques such as index numbers -NI- and content analysis -AC. Both qualitative and quantitative method were used with primary and secondary sources and research techniques such as interview, documentary review, NI and CA. It is concluded that the low use of quantitative techniques is due to ignorance of these tools by researchers, rather than a lack of confidence or interest in them; regarding to the NI, it was demonstrated how this technique allows to assign a single number or data to a set of variables allowing to assess and compare a category or unit of analysis together, facilitating the generalization of results; On the other hand, CA allows showing the different variables behavior in the official or political discourse over a significant period, showing percentages of registration that indicate the degree of importance that is granted to them.

[ES]El objeto del presente trabajo es, el análisis de la regulación contenida en la Ley 39/2015, de 1 de octubre, del Procedimiento Administrativo Común de las Administraciones Públicas, (en adelante LPAC), y en concreto en su artículo 133, de la participación de los ciudadanos en el procedimiento de elaboración de las normas con rango de Ley y reglamentos. Se trata de hacer un análisis de esta previsión normativa, a partir de una breve remisión de los antecedentes, y de su actual regulación, en el marco de la vigente norma, y a la luz del pronunciamiento del Tribunal Constitucional en Sentencia de 24 de mayo de 2018. El presente estudio se centra en su aplicación al ámbito local, como el gran olvidado del legislador con carácter recurrente, y los problemas que plantea, desde una visión práctica, en la tramitación de los procedimientos en los Ayuntamientos y demás entidades locales de carácter territorial, en cuanto tienen reconocida la potestad reglamentaria, en sus diferentes ámbitos (organizativo, de funcionamiento, presupuestario, de prestación de servicios, fiscal, etc). Cómo encaja esta nueva previsión normativa en el procedimiento de elaboración de las disposiciones de carácter general en el ámbito local, teniendo en cuenta la regulación vigente y, en concreto, en la elaboración de las ordenanzas fiscales y otros aspectos normativos, cuestionando desde un punto de vista crítico su aplicación, a la luz de las previsiones normativas, de recientes pronunciamientos judiciales sobre la materia, así como a partir de diferentes estudios doctrinales sobre la materia. ; [EN]The purpose of this work is the analysis of the regulation contained in Law 39/2015, of 1 October, of the Common Administrative Procedure of Public Administrations, hereinafter LPAC, and in particular article 133 thereof, of the participation of citizens in the procedure of elaboration of rules with the rank of Law and regulations. It is a question of making an analysis of this regulatory forecast, on the basis of a brief reference of the background, and its current regulation, within the framework of the current rule, and in the light of the tc's ruling in judgment of 24 May 2018. This study focuses on its application to the local level, such as the great forget-up of the legislature on a recurring basis, and the problems it raises, from a practical point of view, in the processing of procedures in town halls and other local entities of a territorial nature, as they have recognized the regulatory power, in their different areas (organizational, operating, budgetary, service delivery, taxation, etc.). How this new regulatory forecast fits into the procedure for drawing up general provisions at the local level, taking into account the current regulation and, in particular, in the elaboration of tax ordinances and other regulatory aspects, questioning from a critical point of view their application, in the light of the regulatory forecasts, of recent pronouncements on the subject, as well as from different doctrinal studies on the subject.

The huge amount of work accidents in Peru has not produced the implementation of policies aimed at reducing occupational accidents rates. Not only that, there is a certain passivity with informal business and persons who break the law, even when it creates risks to workers' lives. Criminal Law is the best example, because criminal rules do not apply in fact. We have a symbolic norm; that means a situation that counteracts the preventive effect of Criminal Law. In other words, the legislator has weakened non-criminal instances excluding punishment even for the most serious behaviors in which workers' lives are endangered. In this context, compliance programs play a big role in labor risk prevention and, therefore, in the reduction of criminal rates.

In this paper, I shall argue that both cognitivism and liberal contractualism defend a pre-moral conception of human desire that has its origin in the Hobbesian and Humean tradition that both theories share. Moreover, the computational and syntactic themes in cognitive science support the notion, which Gauthier evidently shares, that the human mind – or, in Gauthier's case, the mind of "economic man" – is a purely formal mechanism, characterized by logical and mathematical operations. I shall conclude that a single conception of human behaviour runs through the various dominant psychological, moral and political theories of analytic inspiration. ; En este artículo argumento que tanto el cognitivismo como el contractualismo liberal defienden una concepción pre-moral del deseo humano que tiene su origen en la tradición hobbesiana y humeana que ambas teorías comparten. Además, la interpretación computacional y sintáctica de la ciencia cognitiva defiende la idea, que Gauthier evidentemente comparte, de que la mente humana –o, en el caso de Gauthier, la mente del "hombre económico"–, es un mecanismo puramente formal que se caracteriza por realizar operaciones lógicas y matemáticas. Concluyo que una concepción unitaria sobre el comportamiento humano subyace a las diversas teorías psicológicas, morales y políticas que han sido dominantes en la tradición analítica.

The relationship between science and public policy has always been controversial. On one hand, science has a dynamic guided by scientific reasoning, while public policies are guided by the competitive logic of political game. The following presentation is structured by answering four main questions: the first; what kind of science should be listened to?; the second, who should listen to what?; the third, do those who should listen really listen? and fourth, should scientists be involved in politics? ; La relación entre la ciencia y las políticas públicas siempre ha sido controvertida. Por un lado, la ciencia tiene una dinámica orientada por el razonamiento científico, mientras que las políticas públicas están orientadas por la lógica competitiva del juego político. La siguiente presentación fue desarrollada respondiendo cuatro preguntas principales: la primera; ¿qué tipo de ciencia debe ser escuchada?", la segunda, ¿quién debería escuchar qué?, la tercera, ¿aquellos que deberían escuchar realmente lo hacen?; y la cuarta, ¿deberían los científicos deberían involucrarse en la política?

The aim of this work is to show that the administrative law of a social and democratic state based on the rule of law is the right that the government has to freedom with solidarity. The method used is one specific to legal research, in this case, by means of argumentation and by showing the importance that the constitutional principles have on administrative law. The study opens with an introduction, in which the matter is presented, followed by an analysis of constitutional law and by a comment on the incidence of the social state clause on Public Administration and administrative law that leads to the main conclusion: the general interest in a social and democratic state based on the rule of law is inextricably connected to the promotion of people's fundamental, individual and social rights. In other words, the dignity of the human being is the center and at the root of public law, therefore, all its institutions and categories should be defined and built from this perspective. ; El presente trabajo tiene por objeto demostrar que el derecho administrativo del Estado social y democrático es el derecho del poder público para la libertad solidaria. El método empleado es el propio de la investigación jurídica, en este caso a través de la argumentación y la proyección de los principios constitucionales sobre el derecho administrativo. El estudio parte de una introducción en la que se plantea la cuestión, una análisis del llamado derecho constitucional, un comentario sobre la incidencia de la cláusula del Estado social sobre la Administración pública y el derecho administrativo que sirve de antesala para la principal conclusión: que el interés general en un Estado social y democrático de derecho está inescindiblemente vinculado a la promoción de los derechos fundamentales, individuales y sociales, de la persona. Es decir, la dignidad del ser humano es el centro y la raíz del derecho público, de manera que todas sus instituciones y categorías deben definirse y construirse desde esta perspectiva. ; El presente ...

Latin America has made extremely valuable contributions to the development of planning as an instrument for government. Carlos Matus (1931-1998) in particular stands out as one of the main architects of what may be termed the "Latin American strategic planning school". Matus's contributions focus on the need to create a new type of sciences -the sciences and techniques of government-, thus conceiving of planning as a powerful means to govern rather than a tool for intellectual debate. Therefore, Matus persistently warns of the need to combine science and politics, in order to overcome the technocracy and improvised performance that characterize the governments in our countries. He made his main contribution by thinking of making a science for action and conceiving politics based on a theory of action. The following is one of the conferences delivered by Professor Carlos Matus in the city of Buenos Aires, in 1998, in the framework of a set of academic activities he performed shortly before his death. With his usual clarity, Matus reflects on the necessary and essential linkages between sciences and politics. ; Latinoamérica ha producido importantísimos aportes para el desarrollo de la planificación como instrumento de gobierno y en particular Carlos Matus (1931-1998), se destaca como uno de los principales artífices de lo que puede denominarse la escuela latinoamericana de planificación estratégica. Los aportes de Matus hacen centro en la necesidad de crear un nuevo tipo de ciencias: las ciencias y técnicas de gobierno, pensando así a la planificación no como un instrumento de debate intelectual sino como un poderoso medio para gobernar. Ante ello previene insistentemente sobre la necesidad de aunar la ciencia con la política, para superar el tecnocratismo o la improvisación que caracterizan a los gobiernos de nuestros países. Pensar en conformar una ciencia para la acción y que la política se fundamente en una teoría de la acción es su principal contribución. Se presenta aquí una de las conferencias que el Profesor Carlos Matus dictó en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en 1998 en el marco de una serie de actividades académicas que desarrolló pocos meses antes de su muerte, donde, con la claridad que lo caracterizaba, discurre sobre los vínculos necesarios e imprescindibles entre las ciencias y la política.

Recht und Technologie stellen die Menschheit vor Herausforderungen und Chancen. Dieser internationale Forschungsband widmet sich drei ihrer Säulen: Künstliche Intelligenz, Blockchain und digitale Plattformen. Die Beiträge der Autoren analysieren diese Themen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven des öffentlichen und privaten Rechts im deutschen, österreichischen, europäischen, amerikanischen, japanischen und lateinamerikanischen Kontext

Tras más de tres décadas de desarrollo de los estudios de Ciencia y Género, es necesario reflexionar acerca de los efectos de la crítica feminista de la ciencia sobre la práctica científica real. Los efectos de la presencia de mujeres científicas en algunas disciplinas, como la primatología, son citados a menudo como ejemplo del cambio de paradigma propiciado al aplicar modelos interpretativos alternativos. Pero no es menos cierto que las epistemologías feministas más radicales que defendían una ciencia alternativa feminista han ido perdiendo peso. El empirismo feminista y contextual de Helen Longino y la defensa de una ciencia responsable, sostenible y feminista de L. Schiebinger pueden configurar un programa alternativo más viable. Éste puede insertarse en el programa filosófico más amplio de la defensa de una ciencia democrática. ; After more than three decades of Science and Gender studies, it is necessary to think about the effects that feminist criticism of science has produced on scientific practice. The presence of scientific women in some disciplines, such as Primatology, is often mentioned as an example of the change of paradigm fostered by the employment of alternative interpretative models. But nonetheless, it is also truth that those most radical feminist epistemologies, which defended an alternative feminist science, have been losing strength. Helen Longino's feminist and contextual empiricism and L. Schiebinger's vindication of a responsible, sustainable and feminist science, can result into a more viable alternative program. This may be inserted into the wider philosophical program of defence of a democratic science.

This paper analyses public support for government spending on science and technology (S&T) and its determinants. It constructs hypotheses based on previous findings from two streams of research: public preferences for government spending and public understanding of science. Using data from a large national survey in Spain, it develops multivariate models to test the relevance of various predictors of public support for government spending on S&T. Findings identify several variables that are clear and consistent predictors of public support for government spending on science and technology: the respondent's educational level, interest and participation in science, knowledge of science, and positive values and views of science and technology. However, the effects of other variables also related with general attitudes toward science are less clearly associated with support for government spending on S&T. ; Peer reviewed

In the Common Law system judges have the power to create subsidiary laws: they make rules in strict sense. This Kind of power responds to a special way in which the Common Law develops and adapts itself to achieve the best rules for a given society. Understanding how the Australian law system works, as an example of a common law structure, and how judges interact with the parliament in the creation of the best rules of law -which makes the process coherent- is paramount for other legal systems that have a mixture of legal institutions from both civil and common law systems, as Colombia. Colombia has an unclear mixture of law systems, which generates an uncertainty of the application of the law producing both by judges and parliament, and serious structural law problems; so, understanding the basis of the common law system it is important to clarify the limits in the competence of each authority and the interaction between the law made by the Parliament and the one that the judges produce. ; In the Common Law system judges have the power to create subsidiary laws: they make rules in strict sense. This Kind of power responds to a special way in which the Common Law develops and adapts itself to achieve the best rules for a given society. Understanding how the Australian law system works, as an example of a common law structure, and how judges interact with the parliament in the creation of the best rules of law -which makes the process coherent- is paramount for other legal systems that have a mixture of legal institutions from both civil and common law systems, as Colombia. Colombia has an unclear mixture of law systems, which generates an uncertainty of the application of the law producing both by judges and parliament, and serious structural law problems; so, understanding the basis of the common law system it is important to clarify the limits in the competence of each authority and the interaction between the law made by the Parliament and the one that the judges produce.