Suchergebnisse

This article provides an overview of the main Internet-sites for scientiic vacancies. The scientiic labor market is analyzed on the basis of data from the internet portal "ученые-исследователи.рф". It is revealed that the distribution of vacancies on the portal in diferent areas of science is uneven, most of the vacancies posted on the site are SMET vacancies (Science, Math, Engineering and Technology), there are much fewer vacancies for scientists of the humanitarian proile. The geographical distribution of vacancies is also uneven (with Moscow and Moscow region leading by a large margin). The absolute majority of employers' organizations registered on the portal are government agencies, mostly organizations subordinate to FANO. Average salaries are extremely low, lower than average income by region. Abroad, journals like Science and Nature both have big Internetsites for scientiic vacancies. Placement of announcements about scientiic vacancies on these sites is a paid service. Science is more focused on the American market, while Nature is more international. In any case, both sites have a more extensive geographical coverage in comparison with the site "ученые-исследователи.рф". Moreover, a signiicant part of employers on these sites are private universities commercial enterprises. The average salary for vacancies posted on these sites is much higher than for vacancies on the site "ученые-исследователи.рф". It is concluded that if the government of the Russian Federation wants to use the internet portal "ученые-исследователи.рф" as a tool to boost academic mobility in Russia, increase in salary in Russian universities and institutes is necessary, as well as a real representation of these salaries in job descriptions on the website. ; For citation: Malahov VA. The science labor market in Russia and abroad (based on the largest science job portals). Science. Innovation. Education. 2018;4(30): 120–132.

The scientiic and technological (S&T) development of the Russian Federation is one of the government top priorities. In the context of globalization, a clear image of the country's global S&T ranking can be helpful for decision making in science policy. The paper analyzes the main international statistical data banks which allow for cross-country comparisons of S&T capabilities and reviews various international rankings, including special innovation indices and rankings based on science and technology indicators, which provide opportunity to locate position of Russia in the global S&T and innovation landscape. The study is based on data from the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), UNESCO, international rankings relecting the countries' readiness for a knowledge-based economy: the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index, The IMD World Competitiveness, The Global Talent Competitiveness Index, the Networked Readiness Index. The article focuses on analysis of Russia's positions in international science, technology and innovation rankings. The discussion ends with the conclusion that despite rather high R&D expenditures and quality of human capital, R&D efectiveness and impact of S&T on the Russian economy are estimated as rather low.

Modern economic science studies the behavior of an individual making choice in conditions of limited resources, and seeking to satisfy his own interests as a result of this choice. Economics is a social science as it studies the behavior of an individual which involves the interests of other people and communities. Economics is close to natural sciences as it considers the behavior of an individual in a material world of limited resources. Besides, a human being may be considered as a material system in which there are certain biological processes influencing its behavior. The question of how fully can economics use methodological assumptions of natural sciences, is sharply debatable. The author's position is that the cooperation between economics and natural sciences has both objective grounds and objective problems. In any case, economics is not a natural science, and the natural sciences shouldn't have a priority in this dialogue. It is only a new stage in self-reflection of different sciences. The importance of this research is defined by the need of studying the scientific status of economics and the prospects of its development in terms of the subject and methodology.

The article deals with the problematic issues of the process of unification of criminal procedure legislation. Criminal procedure law as a legal phenomenon is studied through the prism of the science of hermeneutics, which examines the problems associated with the meaning of language, its understanding, explanation, interpretation and other aspects that are important for the unification of legislation. The authors note that following hermeneutic logic, criminal procedure law is a science in the sense in which it operates with general basic concepts and makes it possible to bring a specific fact under a typical generalization developed by this science. In criminal procedure law, as in any other law, it is important to understand, explain and interpret its text. The algorithm of full understanding of the text of articles of the criminal procedure law in aspect of hermeneutic logic is offered. Examples of violation of hermeneutic logic are given in articles of the Code of Criminal Procedure, procedural branches of the Russian law and it is concluded that modern lawmaking should take into account the provisions of hermeneutic science in order to preserve the uniform consolidation and interpretation of the fundamental provisions affecting the practice of law enforcement agencies and the court. ; В статье рассматриваются проблемные вопросы процесса унификации уголовно-процессуального законодательства. Уголовно-процессуальный закон как правовое явление исследуется через призму науки герменевтики, которая рассматривает проблемы, связанные со смыслом языка, его пониманием, объяснением, интерпретацией и другими аспектами, имеющими значение для унификации законодательства. Авторами отмечается, что, следуя герменевтической логике, уголовно-процессуальное право является наукой в том понимании, в каком оно оперирует общими базовыми понятиями и дает возможность конкретный факт подвести под типичное обобщение, выработанное данной наукой. В уголовно-процессуальном законе, как и в любом другом, важное значение имеют понимание, объяснение и интерпретация его текста. Предлагается алгоритм полного понимания текста статей уголовно-процессуального закона в аспекте герменевтической логики. Приводятся примеры нарушения герменевтической логики в статьях УПК РФ, процессуальных отраслях российского права, и делается вывод, что современное законотворчество должно принимать во внимание положения герменевтической науки в целях сохранения единообразного закрепления и толкования основополагающих положений, влияющих на практику работы правоохранительных органов и суда.

The paper examines the conventionalism that arose within the framework of the second positivism in European philosophy at the turn of the XIX–XX centuries, in connection with Russian science and philosophy. Despite its being popular and developed mainly in Western philosophy, we demonstrate that its ideas were also reflected in Russian culture. Moreover, we argue that it was the achievements of Russian mathematicians that influenced the emergence of this direction in European philosophy. To determine the place of conventionalism in Russian culture, the works of such scientists, philosophers and historians of science as A. Poincaré, N.V. Efimov, G.V. Florovsky, P.S. Yushkevich and others were used. The article also provides an overview of their main works and ideas. The analysis also deals with the influence of ideological and political factors on the development of philosophy in the XX century in Russia and the USSR. It is shown that the achievements of Russian mathematicians had a significant influence on the emergence of conventionalism, and the ideas of conventionalism, in turn, were reflected in the concepts of Russian thinkers concerning the philosophy of science and the philosophy of history. Thus, N.I. Lobachevsky can be called a harbinger of mathematical conventionalism, some ideas of P.S. Yushkevich and A.A. Bogdanov can be referred to natural-scientific conventionalism, and some ideas of G.V. Florovsky can be called historical conventionalism. We conclude that Russian science, firstly, was one of the reasons for the emergence of conventionalism in Europe, and secondly, Russian philosophy adopted and applied some of its ideas, in particular, concerning the impossibility of complete knowledge of the world or the relativity of ways of expressing truth, which remain relevant today.

The article is devoted to the problems of the ideological impact of the law on social processes. The law should have an educational impact on society, this should be a priority for the development of legislation.

The article is devoted to analysis of new Marxism as a key methodological
trends of political science research. Historical events of the last century and the
ensuing updated the creative legacy of Marx and contributed to its reconsideration,
which was the enrichment of political science, development of methodology in its area
schools and trends, developing ideas known German scientist.

The article analyzes the role of legal science and education in the formation of the legal culture of the population, taking into account the tasks set by the Foundations of the state cultural policy. It is concluded that jurisprudence plays an important role in the formation of a high level of legal consciousness of the population and its national identity. Intensive legal education and the possibility of obtaining legal knowledge by a wide range of people will help to create a positive image of the state (including in works of art) and strengthen civil self-identity. The destructive activity of "unfriendly countries" can be overcome by strengthening traditional values, which form the basis of the constitutional system of Russia and are embodied in various legal institutions. The developed legal culture of the population will help to avoid socio-psychological dependence on external influence, will become the basis of unity and cohesion of Russian society, the uni cation of the multinational people of the Russian Federation. The authors of the article propose to popularize legal science and law enforcement practice, to promote youth movements in the eld of patriotic education and legal education, to develop the system of legal education by organizing lectures, seminars, round tables, conferences in order to strengthen the spirit of unity, cohesion, friendship of peoples, as well as traditional values in society.

The paper discusses the prospects for connecting the universities to use Mega- Science research facilities as an important tool for the integration of world level science and education. The need for such integration of leading universities with research organizations was noted in the RF Government Decision of 19 June 2015 on the results of the joint meeting of the boards of trustees of the Southern and Siberian Federal University. ; Описаны перспективы подключения вузов к использованию научно-исследовательских установок мега-класса, которые являются важнейшим инструментом интеграции науки и образования мирового уровня. Необходимость подобной интеграции ведущих университетов с научными организациями была отмечена в решении Правительства Российской Федерации 19 июня 2015 г. по итогам совместного заседания попечительских советов Южного и Сибирского федеральных университетов.

The article analyzes the federal legislation for science, technology and innovation in 2017. The author examines three federal laws among the accepted in 2017 federal laws in the field of science, technology and innovation and analyzes the main provisions of the draft federal law developed by the Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation. In addition, the paper makes some proposals for improving the legislation for science and innovation to provide the technological unity of the scientific, and innovative activities. In particular, it is proposed to clarify the objectives of the legislation in the sphere of science and innovation, to fill in the gaps, to resolve the declarative nature of certain legal rules, to improve mechanisms of their implementation, to clarify and expand the conceptual apparatus of innovation, including its harmonization with the conceptual apparatus of developed countries and international standards of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Eurasian Economic Union. Considerable attention is paid to the issues of improving the legal status of the actors in the sphere of science, technology and innovation, developing organizational and economic mechanism of the government science, technology and innovation policy formation and realization. These issues are especially important for the purposes of preserving and further increase of the scientific and technological potential of the country, progressive development of science, implementation of the full innovation cycle «research – design – development – production – distribution of innovative products», as well as creating the legal framework to implement the Strategy for the scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation.

The paper is devoted to the interaction between science and religion in the theory of famous british philosopher of science Michael Polanyi. There is an analysis of relations between scientific and religious beliefs. According to Polanyi the religious cult provides a man with euristic vision of reality. Polanyi had a great impact into "untraditional" conception of truth.