Suchergebnisse

"Über die Ressortforschung ist nur wenig bekannt, selbst in der Wissenschaft. Für diese Einrichtungen gilt als charakteristisch, dass sie 'auf politischen Beschluss' (Lundgreen) forschen und sie als 'staatliche Behörden' geführt werden. Davon wird hergeleitet, dass sie sowohl zum wissenschaftlichen als auch zum staatlichen Feld gehören, woraus 'strukturelle Probleme' resultieren. Zur Überprüfung dieser Grundannahme wird in dem Paper eine relationale Analyse von drei Sichtweisen von 'guter Leistung' der Ressortforschung vorgenommen: aus ministerieller Sicht, aus der Sicht der Ressortforschung und aus der Sicht des wissenschaftlichen Feldes. Auf diese Weise sollen einerseits die Bewährungspunkte für 'gute Leistungen' und andererseits die Auffassungen von Staatsaufgaben und von wissenschaftlicher Expertise deutlich werden. Aus ministerieller Sicht hat sich die Ressortforschung dem Primat der Politik unterzuordnen. Wissenschaftlichkeit wird mehr oder weniger als Methode angesehen, um zu einer politisch belastbaren Expertise zu gelangen. Aus der Perspektive der Wissenschaft ist 'gute Forschung' die Voraussetzung für 'gute Leistung' der Ressortforschung, weil diese vorrangig wissenschaftlichen Kriterien Stand zu halten hat und deshalb auch keinen eigenständigen Forschungstypus repräsentiert. Die Ressortforschung selbst gibt als Bewährungspunkt die Umsetzung ihrer Ergebnisse in die (politische) Praxis an und leitet davon ihre Spezifik her." (Autorenreferat)

The article discusses the features of teaching municipal law at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. This was in uenced by various factors, the central place among which is the dynamics of ideas about the essence of local self-government. The issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law, Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood. Devoting their work to the problems of the organization and activities of local authorities, the teachers of the department, on the one hand, maintained the continuity of scienti c views, strengthening the traditions of the national state-law school, and on the other hand, they created the foundation for future statelegal (constitutionallegal) transformations, sensitively responding to the requirements of the time, and sometimes ahead of them. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the issues of teaching municipal law at Moscow University are traditionally included in the range of tasks of the department related to the organization of state power - the department of state law and Soviet construction, now - the department of constitutional and municipal law. The paper points to the contribution that the teachers of the department have made and continue to make to the formation of local self-government and Russian statehood as a whole.

Introduction. The article proposes a method of theoretical research on state policy in the scientific field by highlighting economic, legal and administrative aspects in its structure and using the well-known theoretical models of economics, law and politics to analyze specific documents and identify theoretical problems that require special study. The essence of the proposed changes in the methods of analysis is that, while at present the economic and legal aspects are considered instruments subordinate to the political objective, in the future it will be necessary to optimize these policy elements based on the developed theoretical apparatus in these areas and build state policy as a system of coordinated solutions in various aspects. Methods. An effective state policy is possible only on the condition of harmonious use of the methods inherent in each of the abovementioned areas of science. In the field of science management, the use of the economic theory of externalities (external effects) and institutional theory (optimization conditions) is especially relevant. At present, in Russia, the state policy in the scientific field is formed centrally in subordination to objectives that are also formed by political authorities. For this reason, the advantage of the three components of politics (management, economics and law) is, of course, given to management. The term management is introduced to distinguish between politics as a whole and politics as a complex of administrative measures. Results and Discussion. The study of management methods in terms and concepts of political science reveals the structure of political subjects and their hierarchy. The fulfillment of the goal-setting function and the dependence of its implementation on the prevailing structure of policy subjects were tracked in the greatest detail. It is shown that the insufficient presence of scientific organizations in the system of political subjects leads to the focus of the goals of state programs on the state apparatus as executors and ...

In diesem Artikel werden Kernzuschreibungen von Open Science und Citizen Science in der europäischen Wissenschaftspolitik analysiert und zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Beide Konzepte postulieren und forcieren eine zukünftige Öffnung von Wissenschaft – wobei die Open-Science-Politik vor allem auf den Prozess von Wissenschaft abhebt, während bei der Konzeptualisierung von Citizen Science die Akteure und ihre Interaktionen stärker im Vordergrund stehen. Beiden Ansätzen gemeinsam ist der Anspruch an einen transparenten Forschungsprozess und frei zugängliche Forschungsergebnisse. Es gibt Synergien, was die Einbindung von Bürgerinnen und Bürger sowie die Zugänglichkeit von Forschungsergebnissen und -prozessen angeht. Risiken bestehen, wenn Citizen Science lediglich instrumentalisiert wird, ohne Bürgerinnen und Bürgern eine echte Teilhabe zu ermöglichen. ; This article analyzes core attributes of the concepts of Open Science and Citizen Science in European science policy and relates them to one another. Both concepts postulate and advocate a future opening of science – with Open Science policy focusing on the research process and the conceptualization of Citizen Science placing more emphasis on the actors and their interactions. Both approaches claim transparency with regard to both the research process itself and its results. There are synergies in terms of the involvement of citizens and the accessibility of research results and processes. And there are risks when Citizen Science is merely instrumentalized without allowing for effective participation by citizens.

This article analyzes core attributes of the concepts of Open Science and Citizen Science in European science policy and relates them to one another. Both concepts postulate and advocate a future opening of science – with Open Science policy focusing on the research process and the conceptualization of Citizen Science placing more emphasis on the actors and their interactions. Both approaches claim transparency with regard to both the research process itself and its results. There are synergies in terms of the involvement of citizens and the accessibility of research results and processes. And there are risks when Citizen Science is merely instrumentalized without allowing for effective participation by citizens.