Suchergebnisse

The article retraces the repercussions of Austrian political cleavages within the Austrian university system, especially in the sphere of academic personnel and recruiting. 1938 it was predominantly Jews and political opponents of the Nazi party, who were forced out of their academic positions - and often into exile - , whereas 1945 the universities faced the problem of political cleansing: about 200 academic positions and chairs had to be reappointed. But the reconstruction of academic careers from the original files produces very surprising and sobering results: quite a few academics who had lost their positions because of their involvement in Nazi politics could after a moderately decorous lapse of time return to their teaching positions, but only members of the non-Jewish, Catholic- conservative group among the emigrated scientists and academics were offered adequate possibilities for return and for a continuation of their academic careers. Such a selective policy did not come about by chance but was the result of a conscious strategy of the responsible educational administrators during the Second Republic, a strategy which for decades turned Austrian universities into a domain of conservativism. ; The article retraces the repercussions of Austrian political cleavages within the Austrian university system, especially in the sphere of academic personnel and recruiting. 1938 it was predominantly Jews and political opponents of the Nazi party, who were forced out of their academic positions - and often into exile - , whereas 1945 the universities faced the problem of political cleansing: about 200 academic positions and chairs had to be reappointed. But the reconstruction of academic careers from the original files produces very surprising and sobering results: quite a few academics who had lost their positions because of their involvement in Nazi politics could after a moderately decorous lapse of time return to their teaching positions, but only members of the non-Jewish, Catholic- conservative group among the emigrated scientists and academics were offered adequate possibilities for return and for a continuation of their academic careers. Such a selective policy did not come about by chance but was the result of a conscious strategy of the responsible educational administrators during the Second Republic, a strategy which for decades turned Austrian universities into a domain of conservativism.

A review of R. A. Dahl's WHO GOVERNS? DEMOCRACY AND POWER IN AN AMERICAN CITY & E. C. Banfield's POLITICAL INFLUENCE: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEO- RETICAL UNDERSTANDING OF PATTERNS OF POLITICAL PRESSURE IN VARIOUS SETTINGS. The following themes are seen as summarizing Dahl's study of New Haven: (1) 'the history of pol'al power in New Haven has been one of the shift from oligarchy based on wealth & soc position to a pluralism based on a series of dispersed inequalities;' (2) 'because of the soc, econ, & ethnic basis of pol'al power, pol'al leadership consists in the building of coalitions that reward subleaders;' (3) there is only a minimum of overlap of individuals in the diff areas of decision making; & (4) 'actual & potential influence is related to the interaction between leaders & followers, which emerges in a variety of forms of mass pol'al participation & is conditioned by the values of the democratic creed.' Neither of the books is seen as influencing community pol'al studies in any signif direction. While Dahl's book is an outstanding scholarly case study, Banfield's is 'a one-sided treatise with some disjointed theoretical elements.' It is suggested that the following operations are required to lift the study of community power structures out of its present casestudy mold: (1) comparative res & (2) the development of an 'exp'al stance' which would include 'group discussions with community leaders, systematic observation of soc exp's, & evaluation of new org'al formats.' For purposes of comparative res it is necessary 'to trace out the instit'al arrangements by which competing interest are or are not adjudicated.' I. Taviss.