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This book presents an integrated approach to monitoring projects in progress using Earned Value and Earned Schedule Management combined with Schedule Risk Analysis. Monitoring and controlling projects involves processes for identifying potential problems in a timely manner. When necessary, corrective actions can be taken to exploit project opportunities or to get faltering projects back on track. The prerequisite is that project performance is observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the project baseline schedule. Therefore, monitoring the performance of projects in progress requires a set of tools and techniques that should ideally be combined into a single integrated system. The book offers a valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the theory first and then to use it in practice with software tools. It is intended for students, professionals and academics with an interest and/or experience in running projects as well as for newcomers in the area of project control with a basic grasp of the Earned Value, Earned Schedule and Schedule Risk Analysis concepts.

Under a framework in which technology and organizational innovation are markedly separated, this book advances knowledge on the topic by exploring the antecedents of a firm's adoption of organizational innovation and its performance consequences. The concept of organizational innovation encompasses the introduction of new administrative organizational and managerial activities, although currently it is accepted that these terms overlap. There are two different kinds of organizational innovation, usually inter-related: structural innovations (organizational arrangement and the division of labour within it) and managerial innovations (the way a firm organizes its activities or its personnel). Based on papers from the Organizational Innovation and its Background, Consequences and Technological Complementarities Performance Conference, this volume contributes to the organizational and innovation literature by providing insights on the antecedents of the adoption of management innovation; exploring the complementary roles of management and technological innovation; addressing the performance consequences of management innovation adoption with and without technological innovation; and discusses management innovation using the resource-based view, thus enriching that theoretical approach.

Jan Bierwald presents the individual behavior of members in Online Innovation Communities, in which thousands of users contribute voluntarily to a jointly developed outcome. The individual member behavior is explored by conducting a detailed content analysis of more than 7,300 mails. His study shows on which content individual members focus their contributions and how specialized members behave within the community. This leads to various implications for today's community management to improve the attracting, controlling and retaining of their members. Contents Online Innovation Communities Factors Influencing Community Member Behavior Community Members' Contribution Focus Target Groups Faculty and students in business administration with a focus on innovation management, organization, marketing, and entrepreneurship Practitioners in the fields of Research & Development, and Marketing The Author Jan Bierwald worked as management consultant before he gained his doctorate degree while working with Prof. Dr. Cornelius Herstatt at the Institute of Technology and Innovation Management. After finalizing his PhD he decided to rejoin the consulting sector.

How are German capitalism and German business management to be understood from the perspective of Japan? Both Germany and Japan as defeated nations in World War II received significant American leadership and support after the war. Both countries developed their enterprises, industries, and economy by deploying and adapting technology and management methods from the United States while establishing systems of industrial concentration in their own ways. By these means, both nations became major trading countries. However, current economic and business conditions differ greatly between Germany and Japan. In trade, American influence on Japanese business is still strong. Japan could not and cannot establish a complementary relationship with American industrial sectors and their products in the American market. In addition, a common market structure like the E.U. does not exist in Asia. In contrast to Japan, Germany developed independently from the American influence and became part of a well-integrated regional economy. What were the driving forces that created those differences? That question is approached from a Japanese point of view in this book, based on the assumption that the origins of distinct characteristics of German business management after World War II were developed in the 1950s and '60s. The book analyzes the transformation of business management in Germany and explains the characteristics and structures of German management. The author describes how the development of German companies determined the current German condition- "the Europeanization of Germany"--While the world faced the globalization process. Demonstrating the basic foundation of European integration by analyzing market factors in Europe as well as the internal structural transformation of management in Germany, this book is a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students, educators, and researchers in the fields of business management, business history, and economic history

Understanding what lies behind actual COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is fundamental to help policy makers increase vaccination rates and reach herd immunity. We use June 2021 data from the COME-HERE survey to explore the predictors of actual vaccine hesitancy in France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden. We estimate a linear-probability model with a rich set of covariates and address issues of common-method variance. 13% of our sample say they do not plan to be vaccinated. Post-Secondary education, home-ownership, having an underlying health condition, and one standard-deviation higher age or income are all associated with lower vaccine hesitancy of 2–4.5% points. Conservative-leaning political attitudes and a one standard-deviation lower degree of confidence in the government increase this probability by 3 and 6% points respectively. Vaccine hesitancy in Spain and Sweden is significantly lower than in the other countries.

Cet article vise à décrire les trajectoires professionnelles des femmes avec diplôme universitaire en République Démocratique du Congo au travers des récits de vie de femmes de trois générations (moins de 30 ans, 30 à 40 ans, plus de 40 ans), identifier les causes individuelles, organisationnelles, et sociétales de leurs choix, réorientations et changement, les succès, mais aussi les difficultés, les échecs, et les frustrations qu'elles connaissent dans leurs parcours professionnels, ainsi proposer des plans d'actions pour l'amélioration de l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes en RDC. Notre positionnement épistémologique étant constructiviste, nous cherchons à voir qu'elle est la perception que les femmes ont de leurs parcours professionnel. C'est ainsi que nous avons jugé intéressant de recourir à l'approche qualitative, pour collecter les récits de vie de ces femmes et faire une analyse thématique de ce qu'elles nous ont raconté sur leur vécu professionnel, c'est elles qui vont isoler les éléments qu'elles jugent importants et qui ont influencé leurs trajectoires professionnelles. ; Peer reviewed

The objective of this paper is to explain populist attitudes that are prevailing in a number of European democracies. Populist attitudes usually lead to social protests and populist votes. We capture the populist wave by relying on values that are traditionally viewed as populist—such as distrust of institutions and neighbors, rejection of migrations and strong preferences for law and order—rather than on voting behavior. Our study covers the period 2004 to 2018 and 25 European countries for which we match aggregated indicators of populist values and social polarization based on ESS and SILC survey micro-data. We show that social polarization varies dramatically across European regions, but at the same time some convergence is observed. Our estimations confirm, in most cases, a positive and statistically significant relation between social polarization and populist attitudes. ; Peer reviewed

Ce projet de thèse porte sur la vie professionnelle des femmes avec diplôme universitaire en République Démocratique du Congo au travers des récits de vie de femmes de trois générations (moins de 30 ans, 30 à 40 ans, plus de 40 ans). Il a pour objectifs de décrire les parcours professionnels de ces femmes, identifier les raisons de leurs choix, réorientations et changement (causes individuelles, organisationnelles, et sociétales), les succès, mais aussi les difficultés, les échecs, et les frustrations, proposer des plans d'actions à l'université, mais aussi aux acteurs de l'égalité en RDC pour l'amélioration de l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes.

Notre communication porte sur les trajectoires professionnelles des femmes diplômées d'enseignement supérieur en République Démocratique du Congo. Nous partons du cadre théorique des ancres de carrière de Schein (1976, 1996) , en nous intéressant à la dimension genre (Fagenson 1990). Nous cherchons à comprendre comment les ancres de carrière et les trajectoires professionnelles vont être influencées par la position des femmes dans la société congolaise.

Entrepreneurship in Africa is fascinating by its diversity, yet underexplored. Faced with the continent's sustainable challenges, the doctoral research attempts to understand how Sub-Saharan African entrepreneurs access resources in an uncertain context, the types of strategy they apply, and the success or failure this has on their venture. Three papers will try to answer these complex questions by examining the uncertain waste management sector in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The first paper depicts the variety of practices implemented by waste collection entrepreneurs in response to the resource constraints imposed by their environment. By building on cognitive entrepreneurship, the second paper examines the connection between entrepreneurs' perceptions and practices, by examining how they perceive their capacity to access resources, based on different perceptions i.e. environmental uncertainty, venture's mission and self-perception. Using the emerging theory of entrepreneurial bricolage, the third paper burrows deeper by asking whether an entrepreneur's temporal orientation may shape the construction of resources in contexts located in between local, traditional economic practices and international business influence. The integration of the final findings leads to a typology of African entrepreneurs according to an ideal-type approach. For each entrepreneur, the cognitive and metaphysical dimensions are decisive. These categories of entrepreneurs make it possible, at a theoretical level, to reconsider theories in entrepreneurship and, at a more practical and political level, to rethink the dominant economic models of development.

The first goal of this paper is to analyze recent socio-economic characteristics of old-age people in Peru, with emphasis on poverty and social exclusion. For this, we use the National Household survey (ENAHO) of year 2011 and find that the majority of the extreme poor elderly are living in the rural area. Furthermore, only 1% of the elderly living in extreme poverty receives a pension benefit and a vast majority of them live in one or two-person households, which intensify their vulnerability. The second goal is to review the most important social and economic policies towards old-age in Peru. And finally, we review the literature and policies for the elderly implemented in other countries with the aim to describe their most relevant impacts. Overall, our document might be a useful input to think and propose new policies towards old-age people in Peru based on evidences.

Les marchés sont à l'économie ce que la démocratie est à la politique !. La situation exceptionnelle que nous connaissons aujourd'hui ne constitue nullement une crise dans la mesure où elle était parfaitement prévisible. Elle traduit, par contre, l'insatisfaction profonde de celles et ceux - que l'on appelle des investisseurs, individuels ou institutionnels - qui confient leur capital (épargne) à des entreprises, ou à d'autres organismes, en fonction des perspectives offertes en termes de croissance opérationnelle et de croissance de la rentabilité. C'est donc bien d'une impatience nouvelle face à l'incompétence des équipes dirigeantes, au manque de transparence des états financiers, et à l'illisibilité des stratégies mises en place dans un monde, dorénavant en faible croissance, dont il s'agit. Saine défiance direz-vous ? Ou, comme auraient pu l'exprimer Saint-Augustin et Bossuet : suites d'un manquement à la vertu !.

This a summary of a large 3-years study of the comparative performance of private for-profit, public and non-profit providers of services to households financed through a voucher system funded by the Belgian federal government ; Peer reviewed

Our communication is essentially a state of the literature that aims (1) to present the different aspects of the concept of the performance of the local collectivities (2) to sketch the different tools of performance used in the local collectivities and (3) to see to what finalities and missions they answer. This state of the literature allowed us to note that all indicators of performance and all tools of piloting of the performance in force in the classic organizations can also be adapted to the local collectivities. He/it is evident from the literature that at all times the budget is the tool the more used. Of other modern tools as the benchmarking, the control panel and the balanced scorecard are more and more in vogue in the local collectivities. These different tools are used in three finalities: ethical, economic and political. ; Peer reviewed

Given their multidimensional missions, combining economic, social and sometimes political dimensions, FTOs have been proposed quite early as examples of "social enterprise" (SE). Such link has been made in a particularly explicit way in the United Kingdom, by both academics (e.g. Martin and Osberg, 2007; Nicholls, 2006) and practitioners. Following Dart (2004), the trend for FTOs to depict themselves (and to be depicted) as SEs probably stems from a research of legitimacy towards an environment that promotes values of entrepreneurship and innovation. However, if FTOs are considered as obvious examples of SE, there still needs to be explained carefully why this is the case, and to what extent. Is it the involvement in FT that makes the enterprises "social", or is it a set of particular organisational characteristics shared by most FTOs, or is it a combination of both? If the fact of "doing Fair Trade" is not a sufficient criterion to generate a SE dynamics – as we believe it –, then what is it in FTOs that makes these organisations eligible as SEs? The answers to these questions are closely linked to the framework used to define SE. While we try to consider different conceptualisations of SE in our analysis (part 1), we pay a special attention to the "multiple goal" and "multiple stakeholders" features put forward by the authors of the "EMES network". In part 2, we recall the basics of the FT concept and the historical evolution of the movement. We then present our empirical data on FTOs in four European regions. Finally, we confront these data to some of the SE features identified in the literature (part 3). In this analysis, we particularly try to examine to what extent FTOs pursue multiple goals and involve multiple stakeholders, and how such organisational characteristics could be linked to each other and to other features such as resources, age and size. ; Peer reviewed