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Ibn Sina is one of the greatest human history scholars as he left an indelible and appreciated mark in human evolution journey towards civilization. Ibn Sina has deepened in many science fields such as Medicine, Astronomy, Mathematics, Philosophy and psychology and classified hundreds of books in different sciences as well. It's also worth mentioning that many Western European scientists have admitted Ibn Sina's great efforts and major influence in finding many modern scientific theories.

Translated from Sovetskoe Gosudarstvo i Pravo, no. 11, 1970.

"This paper estimates science production functions for R&D-performing firms in the United States using scientific papers as the measure of output, by analogy with patents. The underlying evidence covers 200 top U.S. R&D firms during 1981-1999 as well as 110 top U.S. universities. We find that industrial science builds on past scientific research inside and outside the firm, with most of the returns to scale in production deriving from outside knowledge. In turn, the largest outside contribution derives from universities rather than firms; this is especially true when papers are weighted by citations received, a measure of their importance. Consistent with the role assigned to knowledge spillovers in growth theory, the importance of outside knowledge, especially that of universities, increases from the firm to the industry level. The findings survive the inclusion of fixed effects, interactions among the effects, variations in sample and specification, and efforts to control for endogeneity"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site