Suchergebnisse

"Visualisierungen von Wissen hatten und haben im Kern des Faches Soziologie einen schweren Stand. Gerald Beckl nimmt sich daher in seinem Buch 'Sichtbare Soziologie' der Thematik an, um die Stellung von Visualisierungen in der Soziologie zu verstehen, damit verbundene Problemfelder zu identifizieren und für visuelle Umsetzungen zu sensibilisieren. Er setzt dazu beim Übergang zur Zweiten Moderne an und betrachtet anhand von neun Fallbeispielen gelungene und weniger gelungene Visualisierungen. Durch die verkürzte Aufarbeitung des Verhältnisses der Soziologie zum Bild bleiben jedoch wichtige Einsichten unberücksichtigt, sodass Becks Empfehlungen, die Zahl der Visualisierungen und die visuelle Kompetenz zu erhöhen, kaum geeignet sind, die Skepsis in der Soziologie gegenüber Visualisierungen zu überwinden." (Autorenreferat)

The open society and its complement, the open mind, are the foundations of modernity. On both the individual and social levels, openness results from the combination of four specific modes of experience. These modes have evolved in two stages: first in the time of Greek antiquity and later during Western modernity. In the first stage, the discovery of self-reflection occurred, and the noëtic turn emerged. As a result, both in political and intellectual life, methods gained priority over faith in sacred authorities. In the second stage, the discovery of creative imagination took place, and the turn to consciousness evolved. Creativity led to the innovative dynamics of modernity, and personal and collective identities developed from the turn to consciousness. The combination of these four modes of experience constitutes the signature of modernity, crystallizing in the intellectual and political discourse of modernity, and creating what we call a liberal society.

"Ein hoher Grad von Urbanität und Mobilität ist ein zentrales Charakteristikum moderner Gesellschaften. Ihre konkreten Erscheinungsformen sind einem ständigen Wandel unterworfen. Angefangen mit der Fußgängerstadt über die Stadt der Straßenbahnen bis zur autogerechten Stadt, hat sich das Verhältnis von Urbanität und Mobilität immer wieder neu gestaltet. Dieser äußere Wandel ist Ausdruck veränderter sozialer Verhältnisse, die sich insbesondere in individuellen Verhaltensweisen spiegeln. Anhand der Residenzwahl lässt sich die soziale Figuration von Urbanität und Mobilität studieren. Ihr Verständnis bildet eine wichtige Grundlage, um die zukünftige Siedlungs- und Verkehrsentwicklung realistisch einschätzen zu können. Die Arbeit stellt einen Begründungszusammenhang für die zukünftige Erforschung der Wohnstandortwahl von Menschen in der Zweiten Moderne her." (Autorenreferat)

Vor dem Hintergrund der andauernden Flexibilisierung der Arbeitsmärkte und einer steigenden (hoch-)qualifizierten Frauenerwerbstätigkeit hat das beruflich bedingte Pendeln zwischen einem Haupt- und Zweitwohnsitz in westlichen Industrieländern wie Deutschland an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die wenigen Studien über diese Art multilokaler Lebensführung beziehen sich nahezu vollständig auf Pendler/innen ('Shuttles') in Paar- bzw. Familienhaushalten. Der Artikel verfolgt das Ziel, erstens, Merkmale und Entstehungskontexte von berufsbedingten multilokalen Haushaltsorganisationen im Allgemeinen zu untersuchen und damit einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Diskussion über die Ausprägungen und Ursachen dieses gegenwärtig bedeutenden Phänomens zu leisten. Zweitens wird die multilokale Lebensform mit "traditionellen" Fernwandernden verglichen, um Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wer und unter welchen Umständen das berufliche Pendeln zwischen zwei Wohnsitzen einem Umzug mit dem gesamten Haushalt vorzieht. Der Beitrag bezieht sich auf Daten einer Primärerhebung, in der eine Zufallsstichprobe von Personen aus dem Einwohnermelderegister von vier deutschen Metropolen gezogen wurde. Die Grundgesamtheit ist auf Individuen mit spezifischen Merkmalen (Zuwandernde zwischen 25 bis 59 Jahren) begrenzt. Die Ergebnisse der standardisierten postalischen Befragung wurden durch qualitative Telefoninterviews mit ausgewählten Shuttles vertieft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es sich bei Shuttles um eine heterogene Gruppe handelt. Das Leben in einer Partnerschaft und die damit verbundenen sozialen Bindungen spielen für multilokale Haushaltsorganisationen eine entscheidende Rolle. Unter den männlichen Pendlern kann eine Gruppe junger, lediger und meist kinderloser Männer und eine Gruppe älterer, verheirateter Pendler mit Kindern im Haushalt identifiziert werden. Die große Mehrheit der weiblichen Shuttles lebt dagegen kinderlos. Weil Männer auch in einer Lebensgemeinschaft mit Kind zwischen zwei Wohnsitzen pendeln, haben sie signifikant öfter als Frauen einen berufsbedingten Zweitwohnsitz. Spätmoderne Ausprägungen beruflich bedingter multilokaler Lebensmuster sind doppelerwerbstätige Haushalte für männliche Pendler und hohe berufliche Stellungen für Pendlerinnen. Das Pendeln zwischen zwei Wohnsitzen ist einerseits mit dem Berufseinstieg eng verbunden und spielt andererseits auch in einer späteren Berufsphase für eine zum Teil länger andauernde Periode eine bedeutende Rolle. Es ist anzunehmen, dass die Bedeutungszunahme befristeter Beschäftigung zu einem Anstieg multilokaler Lebensformen in der Spätmoderne führt.

The anthology Neue Theorien des Rechts (New Theories of Law, Buckel, Christensen, Fischer-Lescano, eds) aims at taking stock of current theories of law in its whole content and methodical range. In the introduction the publishing team stresses notably the heavily formal systematic, but regarding the contents anti-hierarchic roots. Its aim is to clarify the vagueness of new theoretical beginnings, traditions and methods into a clear and comparable frame, whilst ranking different theories, but without categorizing them normatively. In the first part of the anthology three contributions present a conceivably broad spectrum on the separation and linkage of law and politics; the second part is concerned in six contributions with the politics of the jurisdiction; the third part, with six contributions, goes into goes detail in the fragmentation of law; and the fourth part discusses the topic of the transnational juridical pluralism in three contributions. In the second part of the article, the author discusses each contribution separately on criteria based on system theory, analysis and speech philosophy, post modernity, and economics. References. O. van Zijl

This paper argues that there are a number of multi-faceted social processes in progress
today which particularly affect and change the foundations and rules of human social life
developed since the Second World War, and which in this transition scenario must also redefine, reshape and reinstall social work: the radicalisation of modernity is increasing,
the perception of a globaI ecological catastrophe has become consensual, and above all
the end of the 'East-West' constellation as a paradoxial global stabilisation conflict scenario has upset political routines. In this way society has become politicised, which
means that the forms of arrangement, formation, regulation, maintenance and change of
social life itself has (again) become the object, theme and aim of action. Consequently,
in principle new possibilities arise in every context and for every social actor. Against
this background, social work must therefore understand itself as located in principle in a
protopolitical basis constelllation of employers, clients and social workers.Although the traditional position ofsocial workers in this triad becomes problematic, at the same time
it generates opportunities for their emancipation in relation to the interests ofothers and external claims.

In 1958, the first World's Fair since the end of the Second World War took place in Brussels. There, on a stage whereon it competed with other countries, the Federal Republic of Germany had for the first time a broad opportunity to show what it was doing in social, technical and cultural areas. Since the GDR did not take part, the Federal Republic's exhibits alone called attention to the unsettled question of the unity of the divided land. This being so, the Federal Republic of Germany tried to present itself as sensitively as it could, particularly because of the heavy burden of its past. What Germany displayed was exclusively determined by a group of designers, architects and artists who had organized themselves in the Deutsche Werkbund. Striving for modernisation in art, industry and society, and using its broadly based contacts in politics and industry, the Werkbund concentrated intently on making Germany's contribution to the exhibit representative of aesthetics in postwar German society - without regard to conflicting political interests. The modernity of the German pavillion, its aesthetics shaped by humanistic and democratic principles underlined the transformation in the business community and in popular culture - a transformation which clearly ought to make Germany's integration into the international community easier. (Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte / FUB)

The key to modernity and interoperability of the Army is the gradual enabling to network centric warfare (NCW) in missions and operations, for an improved co-acting of the armed forces, joint and combined, with one another, but also with the civilian departments of the Federal Ministry of the Interior, Foreign Office, and Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. State of the art technology and ingenious concepts can nothing more than just provide the framework. Ultimately it is the soldier who has to make decisions in a matter of seconds, in the Army down to the lowest tactical level, the soldier at the machine gun at a checkpoint. Our soldiers do have the quality necessary for successfully proving themselves in missions and operations. To ensure that it will remain that way we must succeed in the competition for qualified new recruits.This is a task of the society as a whole in order to keep-on the basis of a security policy consensus -the service in the armed forces attractive in future as well. Here, it is important for the Army to win the competition for the bright and intelligent ones and the skilled hands for the benefit of the armed forces. A successful recruitment of the successor generation of mlilitary personnel is an essential prerequisite for the success in missions and operations. The future viability of the armed forces and of the Army is dependent on that to a rather great extent. (Europäische Sicherheit / SWP)

The tendency in the history of ideas in the 20th century, which has been succinctly described as the "betrayal of the intellectuals" (J. Benda), causes philosophy to tip over into ideology. The resulting anti-democratism is exemplified on the political 'right' by Martin Heidegger and on the 'left' by Georg Lukács. Thus, according to the diagnosis of the essay, in the spirit of Thomas Mann's Magic Mountain, a tendency to fundamentally negating extremes in democracy emerges. Then it is shown (II.) how Heidegger increasingly develops the phenomenological version of everyday existence in the "Man" into a fighting concept against the deliberative public. This tendency culminates in Heidegger's 'Rectorate Speech', it also shows a continuity that is by no means only reflected in the 'Schwarze Heften', but also in the large manuscripts on the History of Being (Contributions to Philosophy). In the second main section, with a view to Georg Lukács (III.), it is shown how an avant-garde interweaving of ethics and aesthetics, inspired by Max Weber and the George Kreis and vital in its verve, can be transformed into a realization of philosophy in the tactics of revolution. While Heidegger's type is that of an anti-democratism that keeps away from the ideologues of nationalism, Lukács shows the tragic sample of self-submission to the twists and turns of communist Stalinist ideologies. Finally (IV.), a method is discussed how to distinguish the undeniable contributions of both authors to the philosophical self-understanding of modernity from its ideological muddling: an open-heart surgery, which requires judgement and "tolerance of ambiguity" in order not to end up in the stereotypical illusory alternative of a "primacy of democracy over philosophy" (R. Rorty).

The original text of this reprint begins with a comprehensive discussion of the surprisingly intense scholarly discussions and political debates about the history and "essence" of artisans and guilds that took place across Europe from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. At the core of these discussions was the construction of a dichotomy: Be it for adulatory or critical reasons, artisans and guilds were portrayed as representatives of tradition, equality, corporative ideals, a community spirit, and solidarity, and, thus, as the antithesis of modernity, innovation, competition, liberalism, social inequality, individualism, and other dimensions of the modern economy and society. This dichotomic matrix was shared by conservatives and liberals alike, e.g., by Marx, Engels, and later Marxists, and by nineteenth- and twentieth-century economists and historians across the political spectrum. This first part of the original chapter has been omitted for spatial reasons. The very aim of the two parts of the chapter reprinted here is to question the dichotomic matrix; to engage with it in light of the results of recent research; and to integrate artisans and guilds into the history of the evolution of early modern market economies and, thus, into the history of capitalism. This is accomplished, first, by reviewing a wide range of recent scholarly literature from various parts of Europe that contradicts previous narratives and, second, by presenting exemplary research results from Austrian sources. Both approaches demonstrate the following: that guilds were less a medieval than an early modern institution; that they were characterised by strong internal hierarchies between very poor and very rich members; that artisans were engaged in competition within and between guilds as well as between rural and urban producers (even when they belonged to the same provincial guild); that there were not only antagonistic but also symbiotic relations between guild masters, freelancers, and completely illegal artisans; and that the borders between production and merchandising were very weak.