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ABSTRACTThe word democracy is increasingly popular in various developing countries, both at the level of discourse and the level of the social and political movements. As a political system, democracy has topped many countries because it is considered capable of regulating and resolving social and political relations, both involving interests between individuals in society, relations between communities, society and countries and between countries in the world. The collapse of communism in 1989 became an important momentum for democracy as a political system to spread its influence throughout the world. As a concept, democracy has a broad meaning with its own complexity. This paper tries to explain the variance of democracy, especially the debate between liberal democracies and social democracy. Besides that, he also tried to explain the practice of democracy in Indonesia after the 1998 reform era and showed the problems faced by this country in creating a democratic society. Finally this paper wants to explain that democratization in Indonesia is still in process and there are still many things that need to be addressed. Keywords: democratization, liberals, social, acceleration, Indonesia

Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.

The Bali Sejahtera Community-Based Development Program (CBD) is not the only program designed to respond to challenges, bringing Balinese families as part of an Indonesian family to live in prosperity. From the data collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics, the poverty rate in Bali has increased every year. To overcome the problem of poverty, the government has made various efforts by issuing development policies and programs by the central and regional governments. The condition of poverty is still a concern in Bali, inspiring the outside world, especially the World Bank to participate in overcoming it. Therefore, to implement a policy that has been designed by the Provincial Government of Bali, the Provincial Government of Bali in collaboration with the World Bank launched the Bali Sejahtera Community Development Program which began in 2001. Community Based Development uses a community-based or bottom up development program placing the community object program as the manager and main actor of the program in the sense that the community is given a full role to determine its own interests or needs in accordance with their potential. This program is managed through traditional institutions in Bali through Pakraman village. Badung as one of the regencies in Bali is the target of the CBD-Bali Sejahtera program with the number of Pakraman villages spread across 6 sub-districts in Abiansemal, Mengwi, South Kuta, Kuta, North Kuta and Petang, with a number of poor families as 5,680 households out of the total number 43,497 households. The selection of 49 Pakraman villages in Badung Regency was the object of research with the reason that, seeing from the development of the poverty line in Badung Regency that there was still a percentage of poverty that could be categorized as far from the expectation, Badung Regency was the Regency / City in Bali that had the Highest Original Income compared to other districts / cities in Bali. The analytical method used is qualitative.

This article explores the development of international relations (IR) in Indonesia with special focus on the changing trends in its theoretical perspectives. It argues that the academic works examined reflect the ways in which Indonesia's IR scholars perceive and theorize the nature of the dynamics of external political environments and their connections to the state's foreign relations. The argument is elaborated in two related parts. The first section discusses the theoretical perspectives that developed during the Cold War period, which focuses on the propensity toward historical realism and regionalism. The second part of the discussion examines recent developments in which Cold War perspectives have been reconsidered, and in many respects modified into three new categories of theoretical thinking, namely reform, resistance, and eclecticism. The changing theoretical trends reveal that Indonesia's IR scholarship is open and innovative. The conclusion comments on the development of the Indonesia's IR.

AbstractThis article argues that MIKTA (Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey, and Australia) are middle, regional, and constructive powers that can serve as providers of global governance in the international system. It argues that in order for MIKTA countries to serve as middle, regional, and constructive powers, they need to consolidate the support of all relevant State and non-State actors in their countries, allowing MIKTA to become a relevant mechanism to promote and generate public goods in the international system, specially global governance. Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America. Mexico is today an actor with global responsibility and obligatory reference. A country with that weight must play in new boards and MIKTA, constituting and innovative alliance with key non-traditional partners, is a strategic space to expand the scope of Mexican foreign policy. Keywords : MIKTA, middle powers, foreign policy, Mexico

This study aims to analyse the level of efficiency of zakat institutions in Indonesia between 2014 and 2018. Zakat institutions are divided into three clusters based on the organisation's nomenclature: the government, public, and private groups. The division of these clusters aims to see differences in the management of zakat funds between each group. This study uses a quantitative research approach through the Free Disposal Hull (FDH) method to produce a more comprehensive average efficiency estimation than the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The sampling technique is purposive, and there are fourteen research objects observed. The government cluster is the cluster with the highest efficiency value. The private set comes in second, and the public group comes in third ranking. The high score that the government cluster earns is due to their primary business purpose, which focuses on managing zakat funds. The results of this study can be used as references for the policy establishment of zakat institutions in Indonesia.

This study aims to explain how the psychological process affects perceived organizational politics (POP) toward organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The paradoxical effect of POP to OCB needs to be explained through two psychological processes: First, the mediation effect of psychological safety which explains POP as a barrier to OCB. Second, the mediation effect of careerism which explains POP as an OCB driver. One of the government institutions in Malang District used as research objects, involving 97 employees as respondents. A quantitative approach using Partial Least Square (PLS) used as the method of this study. The results showed careerism mediated the relationship between POP and OCB. But the surprising result is that psychological safety cannot mediate the effect of POP to OCB because employees feel that there is no high threat of doing voice behaviour, helping behaviour and individual initiatives in the political environment. These results indicate that OCB is a safe activity when it does not contrary to other people's self-interest, so it does not cause a conflict.

Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.

Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.

This is qualitative research that aims to describe the suitability of teaching Arabic books (class I and IV) in MI using KTSP curriculum with Content and Competency Standards set government policy, and a description of the book to teach Arabic MI is needed to cope with the new curriculum in 2013. The method used is a qualitative method, using content analysis of BSNP (National Education Standards Agency) and needs analysis. Suitability of the Arabic book by SK KD government set on average for class I applied sufficiently and still need to be further improved. As for class IV, SK KD can be applied with good and balanced, but to listening competencies, especially in the identification of letters hijaiyah not get enough servings. There are two possible models that can be created for teach book in the coming school year, the first is a thematic integrative book of PAI MI according to the new curriculum in 2013, or second is a Arabic books MI generally for the new school year.

Islam is as a universal religion, as a religion for humanity (all humankind), or as a religion for the entire world because of its' mission as rahmatan li al-'alamin. To realize such mission in Indonesian context, education activity is aimed to raise up a multicultural wisdom and global awareness of the pupils, so in next time they will be able to contribute in preservation of heterogenity and to develop it for attaining a prosperious life, besides to face globalization current appropiately. In this case, islamic education has a duty in transfering inclusive-multiculturalism Islamic teachings to students so that they are able to appreciate global values of Islam, like inclusivism, humanism, tolerance, and democracy.Keywords: Islamic Education, Inclusive-multiculturalism, Globalization Islam is as a universal religion, as a religion for humanity (all humankind), or as a religion for the entire world because of its' mission as rahmatan li al-'alamin. To realize such mission in Indonesian context, education activity is aimed to raise up a multicultural wisdom and global awareness of the pupils, so in next time they will be able to contribute in preservation of heterogenity and to develop it for attaining a prosperious life, besides to face globalization current appropiately. In this case, islamic education has a duty intransfering inclusive-multiculturalism Islamic teachings to students so that they are able to appreciate global values of Islam, like inclusivism, humanism, tolerance, and democracy. Keywords: Islamic Education, Inclusive-multiculturalism, Globalization

Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research

Management of human resources in the Human Resources Personnel Agency (BKSDM) is very important to do in an effort to address strategic issues and challenges of changes and developments in the external environment that occur, especially to improve service in the field of personnel, especially for the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) within the District Government Sumenep. The purpose of this research was to find out the management of human resources at the Sumenep Regency Human Resources Agency (BKSDM). This study uses descriptive research design with a qualitative approach. The sample or informant in this study is divided into three, first is the key informant; the key informant in this study was the Head of the Sumenep Regency Human Resources Agency (BKSDM), the second was the main informant; who became the main informant in this research are employees or the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) Sumenep Regency Human Resources Agency (BKSDM). The third is additional informants; namely society. The Sumenep Regency Human Resources Personnel Agency (BKSDM) to develop and manage its human resources is very good, where it has been shown by sending delegates from employees to attend training activities, seminars and training.

The research has purposed to empirical improve factors influence behavior personality tax payer not compliance in register on KPP Pratama Padang and Bukittinggi. On the research useful 188 personality tax payable in register on KPP Pratama Padang and Bukittinggi. Data has using for the research is primary, and collecting the data with questionnaire. In general can two category variable have using in the research. First dependent variable is non compliance personality tax payer. The second variable is independent. This variable consist of perception for system justice, morale norm, religious and punishment. For the solved the problem used statistical tool with multiple regression and t-statistic test. The process of the test has doing with SPSS. The base of the result founding tax payer perception, system justice and morale norm have significant effect on the personality tax payer not compliance. The deep of the result also founding religious have not significant effect on the personality tax payer not compliance in KPP Pratama Padang and Bukittinggi. Keyword Perception on system justice, Morale Norm, Religious and Punishment

This study discusses food crop agriculture in 29 districts in East Java, where many people are engaged in this field. This research defines two stages of equality. In this study using two model approaches, namely the first Model Analysis conducted using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the second model Partial least square (PLS). Research results Increasing agricultural productivity or efficiency is important to do with a variety of strategies both intensification and agricultural intensification.Improving the quality of rural community resources is very to be done. Good quality resources will increase the absorption of high technology and will increase the productivity of farmers and workers in other sectors in rural areas, the Government's budget for development must continue to be increased both in nominal terms and the accuracy of its allocation so that it is absorbed into rural communities effectively and efficiently so that it can improve the welfare of rural communities and controlling the price of basic necessities in the region is also important to do. Bank Indonesia and in collaboration with local governments to form a Regional Inflation Control Team (TPID) must work better in maintaining stable inflation because the rural poor are relatively vulnerable to price increases