Main factor of marginalization in social, cultural, educational and political living isn't only mistake thought or mind set toward women but also becouse of being supported by holistical texts which are poor critical interpretations toward Al-qur'an verses and deeds of prophet Muhammad. This writing aims to analize some misogini deeds which deem that women are placed as the second human who are unappropriate in entering men stage, so discoursed interpretations have consequence for marginalizing women into the edge of women deadlock in giving voice at their rights and duties, refering to the historical facts, on mattes pertaining to prophet Muhammad age showed that women weren't as people thought about women living without getting their rights and duties as men ones, other wisw on the real facts, they struggled together with men to acquire rights and duties equally and to avoid discrimination as an impact of sex and gender gaps.
This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.
Global warming has seized the world's attention will be growing even larger in the future considering the consequences of it. UNO, through environmental program UNEP (United Nations Environment Progranune) and the World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to examine and analyze issues emerging science. Since 1990, every five or six years the IPCC has issued reports related to science through observation and prediction to determine the trend in the future. The conclusions that can be described are one of the strategic ways to protect the atmosphere is to control the use of natural resources. Increasing number of both large and medium industries in order to meet consumer needs for industrial products is contributing to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from industrial processes. To meet international standards for the environment, using the GHG Emission Standard, Indonesian follows the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines. In applying these standards in the steel, chemical , aluminum and cement in Indonesia has two options: firstly, replacing old technology with new technology that GHG emissions is small, the second, modifies or adds equipment that reduce GHG emissions. This type of cooperation corresponding to the four types of industries (chemical, steel, cement and aluminum) are complementary models, simultaneous agreement model can be complete each other. Furthermore, various agreements between countries can be done through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, we need to realize the importance of industrial processes and ' clean production ', as this can increase the efficiency of use of raw materials, energy, prevent or replace the use of hazardous materials and toxic, reducing the amount and toxicity levels of all emissions and wastes before leaving the process. Clean production was essentially aimed at reducing the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle, from raw material collection to final disposal after the product was not used. Finally, community participation, industrialists, and government jointly required because it is the most effective measure in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases.
The mining divestment policy has 3 main key components. First, how much is thedivestment amount. Second, who can buy divested shares. Third, how much is the saleprice of the divested shares. The first element, the divestment requires that everyforeign-owned mining company divest a portion of the increased shares to thegovernment, BUMN or national private sector. (Government Regulation Number 1of 2017, concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010,concerning the Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities).The second element, regarding the divestment rules, determines who can buy(Permen ESDM No. 9 of 2017, concerning Procedures for Stock Divestment andMechanism for Determining the Price of Divestment Shares in Minerba MiningBusiness Activities).While the third element is the rule that determines the stock pricewhen it is sold, the share price offered to the Government is determined throughnegotiation. (Government Regulation No. 23 of 2010, concerning theImplementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activities).Industrialdevelopments in the country are still difficult to do, including mining. According toArchandra Tahar, Deputy Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) thereare at least three factors inhibiting the development of the mining sector in Indonesia.These three factors are the problem of banking, technology and political interestrates.
Studying the factors of national economic growth stabilization is especially topical and relevant under the conditions of growing economic interdependence of the states which objectively limits the regulatory functions of national governments, in parallel to which regionalization gradually establishes oneself as an alter-trend to globalism. In our research we stem from the analysis of the macroeconomic statistics and of the dynamics of economic progress in the selected countries of the world, so that to determine the correlation between the indicators of economic growth stability for a selected group of countries with their integration into the world markets. Conclusions of our analysis outline the regularities in stable economic growth strategies' implementation along with the key factors contributing to economic stabilization under contemporary conditions. The important role of geography is emphasized, inter alia, since geography is the key precondition for development and implementation of the long-term strategies of economic progress for world regions.
Implementation of local government as regulated by Law Number 23 Year 2014 contains three functions. The first function is the planning of activities of local government tasks that are acceded by the Regional Development Planning Agency (Bappeda), the second function is the implementation of the tasks of local government that are represented and implemented by the Regional Device Organization (OPD) in the local government, and the third function is supervision the implementation or implementation of local government implemented by the Regional Inspectorate as the supervisor of the local government. Internal supervision (Inspectorate) is formed in order for the implementation of loca government tasks that are run by all existing regional devices can run well, effective, efficient and effective on target according to predetermined plans. herefore, the Inspectorate's role in overseeing the tasks of all the Regional ApparatusOrganizations in the local government is very important. In order to obtain an effective supervision, it is necessary to meet two principles of supervision, namely first, is the existence of a specific plan and the giving of instructions; second, giving clear authority to subordinates. The first basic principle is a must, because the plan is a standard, a measure of the work performed by subordinates. If this principle is well executed, then the implementation of good local government will be achieved well too.
Indonesia has become the largest producer and exporter of crude palm oil commodities in the world. Therefore, the production of CPO turns out to be very greedy for land. There are any problems in production CPO, therefore the study aims to develop a conceptual framework of the source of output growth, whether driven by input or productivity growth, and to implement this concept by investigating the source of output growth in the crude palm oil industry in Indonesia. The investigation applies firm-level panel data and follows a quantitative approach using general method of moments to estimate the production coefficients and calculate the input and productivity growth. The result shows that the output growth of the crude palm oil industry does not lead in productivity growth driven. It seems to be driven by input growth, not by productivity growth. Since growth is still driven by input, the crude palm oil industry will be less competitive in the world market. The high world demand for crude palm oil commodities from Indonesia must be met by using more efficient input factors, optimizing production scale, and supporting technological progress. The government, therefore, must have strategies that are more competitive in the global market.
The stereotype that women are categorized as the second human in all aspects of life it was time to be removed. The role of women is now considered to be very strategic in determining all legal policy, politics, social life of the nation. Corruption as a result of manipulation of the public on the budget authority in a system regarded as a chronic disease that must be healed until the roots. This is where the role of women is very significant that the quality of education needs to empower them so that they can work together to build a culture of anti-corruption
All provinces and districts / cities, just do Update device organizations of their respective regions. Hopes, this new organization into an effective and efficient organization. The regional organization built on five basic elements: 1) the strategic apex, 2) middle line, 3) operating core, 4) technostructure, and 5) supporting staff. Does the establishment of regional organizations gives hope to the improvement of coordination of the local government?If traced from theory, the five basic elements of the theory of Mintzberg berumber. According to Henry Mintzberg, attributes the organization building, consisting of: first, parts and people in the organization, secondly, the coordination mechanism, the third, the design parameters, and fourth, various environmental factors that influence the selection of the design parameters. In this first attribute Mintzberg says there are six elements. Elements 1st - 5th has been adopted by the PP. No. 18 / 2016 as described above. The sixth element is ideology. These six elements are not found in the PP. No. 18 / 2016. The fourth attribute Mintzberg's theory was also adopted. It is seen from the common variable calculation and technical variables as a basis for mapping the intensity of government affairs and the determination of the regional workload and determine tipeloginya classified as A, B, or C.The second and third attributes are not visible in the PP setting. No. 18 / 2016. As a result in the formation of regional organizations as well be invisible. The second and third attribute is actually provide a good framework for the establishment of the Agency which serves as technostrukture. Institutions that have an important role coordinating the programs of the Department so that organizational goals can be achieved. Thus, the improvement of coordination within local government is still difficult to expect.
Small Medium Entreprises (SMEs) and Cooperative have not received a proper law protection in facing trade liberation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and economic globalized world. In 2015 AEC has been established that would bring a huge change in Southeast Asia regionS and definitely will have a wide impact to business people in Indonesia. SMEs and Cooperative contribute to more than 90 percent of total Indonesian national economy. However, they are weak on investment and information technology and management skill as well as competition law among ASEAN Member States. Economic policies do not give a sufficient protection to SMEs and Cooperative. This article tries to seek solutions for SMEs problems especially their legal structure in order to enhance their competitiveness. This article argues that the government can provide legal protection by reforming SMEs economic sectors similar to the AEC's priority sectors by which the Indonesian' SMEs would become world class corporate.
politics is a gray area does not know which is right and falsehood. In the political world is not the technical term is "wrong" all the steps that must be "right" and "systematic" does not care whether the way is used hurt or benefit others. In the political world does not know friend or foe whom is eternally eternal interests. In this paper, Abu Ala Maududi is as one of fundamentalist leaders to write his thoughts on women in pakistan political activities that are not consistent in Mawdudi's view. Maududi never support a woman become president by supporting the candidacy of Fatimah Ali Jinnah became President of Pakistan, and on the other hand he states that women should only work in the domestic sector where she should not be working in the public sector, including the President and Parliament. This shows that the political purpose for anyone, including the interests of fundamentalist Mawdudi.
ABSTRACTThe word democracy is increasingly popular in various developing countries, both at the level of discourse and the level of the social and political movements. As a political system, democracy has topped many countries because it is considered capable of regulating and resolving social and political relations, both involving interests between individuals in society, relations between communities, society and countries and between countries in the world. The collapse of communism in 1989 became an important momentum for democracy as a political system to spread its influence throughout the world. As a concept, democracy has a broad meaning with its own complexity. This paper tries to explain the variance of democracy, especially the debate between liberal democracies and social democracy. Besides that, he also tried to explain the practice of democracy in Indonesia after the 1998 reform era and showed the problems faced by this country in creating a democratic society. Finally this paper wants to explain that democratization in Indonesia is still in process and there are still many things that need to be addressed. Keywords: democratization, liberals, social, acceleration, Indonesia
Global climate change and its associated risks are serious issues for almost all countries in the world. There are many growing evidences of a shift in climate patterns with flow on effects for established environmental, economic and social structures and systems. Governments around the world have embarked on programs designed to cut greenhouse gas emissions that Juel climate change, but momentum for shifts in climate patterns is already established. Therefore, it is important for governments and private decision makers to begin planning for its potential consequences, as a complement to current mitigation action aimed at slowing its progress. Indonesia is the 4th largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter globally, and is now leading the way as one of the first non-Annex I countries to make a significant voluntary commitment to cut its national greenhouse gas emissions by 26% (unilaterally) and 41% (with support.from the international community) by 2020. Indonesia's commitment to climate change action has been increasingly evident since 2007, when the country hosted the UNFCCC 13th Conference of the Parties in Bali and a high level meeting of Finance Ministers.
The Bali Sejahtera Community-Based Development Program (CBD) is not the only program designed to respond to challenges, bringing Balinese families as part of an Indonesian family to live in prosperity. From the data collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics, the poverty rate in Bali has increased every year. To overcome the problem of poverty, the government has made various efforts by issuing development policies and programs by the central and regional governments. The condition of poverty is still a concern in Bali, inspiring the outside world, especially the World Bank to participate in overcoming it. Therefore, to implement a policy that has been designed by the Provincial Government of Bali, the Provincial Government of Bali in collaboration with the World Bank launched the Bali Sejahtera Community Development Program which began in 2001. Community Based Development uses a community-based or bottom up development program placing the community object program as the manager and main actor of the program in the sense that the community is given a full role to determine its own interests or needs in accordance with their potential. This program is managed through traditional institutions in Bali through Pakraman village. Badung as one of the regencies in Bali is the target of the CBD-Bali Sejahtera program with the number of Pakraman villages spread across 6 sub-districts in Abiansemal, Mengwi, South Kuta, Kuta, North Kuta and Petang, with a number of poor families as 5,680 households out of the total number 43,497 households. The selection of 49 Pakraman villages in Badung Regency was the object of research with the reason that, seeing from the development of the poverty line in Badung Regency that there was still a percentage of poverty that could be categorized as far from the expectation, Badung Regency was the Regency / City in Bali that had the Highest Original Income compared to other districts / cities in Bali. The analytical method used is qualitative.
This article explores the development of international relations (IR) in Indonesia with special focus on the changing trends in its theoretical perspectives. It argues that the academic works examined reflect the ways in which Indonesia's IR scholars perceive and theorize the nature of the dynamics of external political environments and their connections to the state's foreign relations. The argument is elaborated in two related parts. The first section discusses the theoretical perspectives that developed during the Cold War period, which focuses on the propensity toward historical realism and regionalism. The second part of the discussion examines recent developments in which Cold War perspectives have been reconsidered, and in many respects modified into three new categories of theoretical thinking, namely reform, resistance, and eclecticism. The changing theoretical trends reveal that Indonesia's IR scholarship is open and innovative. The conclusion comments on the development of the Indonesia's IR.
