Suchergebnisse

This study deals with the basic principles that underlie the Turkish security policy, since the end of the 2nd World War. The author analyses some of the security problems dealt with by the Turkish government in the seventies and eighties, with a focus on the internal economic problems. In reviewing its security policy, Turkey faces difficult options: the independent line versus NATO, the Non-Aggression Treaty with the Soviet Union, either a non-alignment stands or a leaning towards the Middle Eastern or Islamic trends. The author concludes that Turkey will not take any of these options in the near future, but, more probably, will only put some gradual modifications to its original path. (DÜI-Sdt)

Since 2003, in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the European Union (EU) has deployed a growing number of crisis management missions, mostly civilian ones, in many countries and with different purposes: from support to police and security sectors, strengthening and reforming the rule of law, assistance to customs and boundaries etc. EU civilian missions are in charge of rebuilding or reforming a country's security sector according to European standard, values and practices. Given the EU's declared support of local ownership, the main aim of this research project has been to evaluate civilian missions' long term impact on the ground. The objectives of this project have been twofold: looking at the long term effects generated by EU engagement in the targeted countries and examining whether these reforms are sustainable or not and why. In order to assess impact, this research has taken into account the concepts of effectiveness and sustinability and it has analysed the perspectives of the EU- namely officials' observations and opinions on the effects accomplished, and that of the beneficiary country, i.e. local authorities' expectations and their points of view. Three missions have been chosen as case studies: EUPM (Bosnia-Herzegovina), EUJUST Themis (Georgia) and EULEX (Kosovo). The first two are completed missions (one has been a long mission, the other a short one); while the latter is still ongoing and thus it provideS an opportunity to examine how the EU works to increase the sustainability of reforms implemented and incorporating previous lessons learned. Beginning with an overview of the CSDP, then the research focused on the notion of impact and how it can be evaluated. At the same time, the thesis analysed the existing state of the art concerning EU missions evaluation, in order to stress key gaps in the literature and in the field. Later, the project concentrated on the analysis of the case studies by applying the criteria of effectiveness and sustainability and conducting qualitative interviews. Finally, conclusions summed up the main findings related to the issue of impact evaluation in CSDP missions and to the analysis of the case studies, evidencing light and shadows.

The article tries to apply the classical tools of Foreign Policy Analysis to the case of EU external actions. It uses the classification of issue-areas made by Theodore Lowi to study EU foreign policy. In particular the article analyzes three case studies of EU nuclear non-proliferation policy: the decision in July 1994 to back indefinite extension of the Non-Proliferation Treaty; the decision in December 1994 to establish a Community control system on exports of dual-use goods; & the decision in March 1996 to participate in KEDO. Analysis of these case-studies provides the advantage of an issue-area perspective for European foreign policy & illustrates the severe limits of applying a strictly intergovernmental approach to understanding the Common Foreign & Security Policy. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

Il presente volume affronta i molteplici aspetti istituzionali e operativi che contraddistinguono la Politica di Sicurezza e Difesa Comune (PSDC) con un linguaggio il più possibile chiaro e accessibile, in modo da restituire al lettore una visione organica e comprensibile di una materia oggettivamente complessa. A questo fine, i Curatori hanno chiamato a contribuire al volume esponenti particolarmente qualificati di diverse Università italiane e alti ufficiali delle Forze armate che hanno operato sul campo e che conoscono direttamente gli aspetti realizzativi delle missioni e delle operazioni militari. L'opera è suddivisa in tre parti. La prima ricostruisce la cornice istituzionale della PSDC, ne presenta le principali componenti materiali e ne indaga i rapporti con altri settori. Nella seconda vengono affrontati gli aspetti giuridici relativi alle missioni e alle operazioni militari dell'Unione europea, anche alla luce della collaborazione con la NATO e le Nazioni Unite. La terza raccoglie approfondimenti e casi-studio relativi di particolare interesse e attualità

La ricerca esamina il ruolo delle imprese che svolgono attività di sicurezza privata in Italia (oggi definita anche "sussidiaria" o "complementare") in relazione allo sviluppo delle recenti politiche sociali che prevedono il coinvolgimento di privati nella gestione della sicurezza in una prospettiva di community safety. Nel 2008/2009 le politiche pubbliche di sicurezza legate al controllo del territorio hanno prodotto norme con nuovi poteri "di polizia" concessi agli amministratori locali e la previsione di associazione di cittadini per la segnalare eventi dannosi alla sicurezza urbana ("ronde"). Nello stesso periodo è iniziata un'importante riforma del settore della sicurezza privata, ancora in fase di attuazione, che definisce le attività svolte dalle imprese di security, individua le caratteristiche delle imprese e fissa i parametri per la formazione del personale. Il quadro teorico del lavoro esamina i concetti di sicurezza/insicurezza urbana e di società del rischio alla luce delle teorie criminologiche legate alla prevenzione situazionale e sociale e alla community policing. La ricerca sul campo si basa sull'analisi del contenuto di diverse interviste in profondità con esponenti del mondo della sicurezza privata (imprenditori, dirigenti, studiosi). Le interviste hanno fatto emergere che il ruolo della sicurezza privata in Italia risulta fortemente problematico; anche la riforma in corso sulla normativa del settore è considerata con scarso entusiasmo a causa delle difficoltà della congiuntura economica che rischia di compromettere seriamente la crescita. Il mercato della sicurezza in Italia è frastagliato e scarsamente controllato; manca un'azione di coordinamento fra le diverse anime della sicurezza (vigilanza privata, investigazione, facility/security management); persiste una condizione di subalternità e di assenza di collaborazione con il settore pubblico che rende la sicurezza privata relegata in un ruolo marginale, lontano dalle logiche di sussidiarietà. ; The research examines the role of private companies engaged in security in Italy (now also called subsidiary or complementary) in relation to the development of recent social policies that provide for the involvement of private sector in security management from a perspective of community safety. In 2008/2009 the public policy of safety-related control of the territory have produced standards with new "police" powers granted to local administrators and the prediction of association of citizens to report adverse events to urban safety ("rounds"). At the same time a major reform of the private security industry began, still in the implementation phase, which defines the activities of security companies, identifies their characteristics and sets standards for the training of personnel. The theoretical framework of the paper examines the concepts of security / insecurity and urban risk society in the light of criminological theories related to social and situational prevention and community policing. The fieldwork is based on the contents of several in-depth interviews with members of the private security (contractors, managers, researchers). The interviews revealed that the role of private security in Italy is highly problematic, even the ongoing reform of the regulatory environment is considered with little enthusiasm because of the difficulties of the economic situation that is likely to seriously affect the growth. The security market in Italy is jagged and poorly controlled; missing coordinate between the different souls of security (private security, investigation, facility / security management); a condition of subordination and lack of cooperation remains with the public sector which makes the private security relegated to a marginal role.

A report summarizing debates on proposals for European integration at the European Council of Laeken, on the eve of the introduction of the euro. Among issues discussed are the following: European defense & security policy; adding more countries to the EU; interventions (humanitarian & military) in Afghanistan; position on the war against terrorism; the general economic outlook; the Lisbon strategy; employment; sustainable development & quality of life; research & development; consolidation of the European social model; a common asylum & immigration policy; more efficient control of foreign borders; international cooperation in legal & law enforcement matters; foreign policy statements on the Middle East, the western Balkan nations, Africa, & Russia; & cooperation on development matters. 2 Appendixes. J. Sadler

Executive Council Thirty-Fourth Ordinary Session 7 – 8 February 2019 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; The significance of human rights and transitional justice (TJ) cannot be overemphasized. This underscores why Aspiration three (3), "An Africa of good governance, democracy, respect for human rights, justice and the rule of law",and Aspiration four (4), "A peaceful and secured Africa", of Agenda 2063 – The Africa We Want – focus on human rights promotion, silencing the guns by 2020, peace, security and development. In order to accomplish these objectives of Africa's Agenda 2063, a ten-year implementation plan was developed. The year 2015 was dedicated to Women's empowerment and 2016 to human rights, with a special focus on the rights of women

Food security is one of the most complex problems that the world is facing today. This paper discusses the role of international trade in food security and analyzes whether there is a real option to promote or attract land investments, alongside domestic production and international trade for the nations touched by food insecurity. Considering food security as a common purpose for all nations, independently of their level of development or political ideologies, the research concludes that serious cooperation within international agricultural trade negotiations represents the main step towards resolving the most important world challenges such as achieving global food security alongside "Green Growth". International trade is connected with economic development: free trade brings on medium and long term economic growth. Fighting against poverty requires efficient economic policies and, due to the high degree of economic integration reached by the international economy, this is possible only if governments cooperate with each other and with international organizations, avoiding protectionism.

Abstract [It]:Dopo un lungo stadio di "letargia", la politica di sicurezza e di difesa comune (PSDC) ha trovato lo slancio necessario anche per effetto della Brexit. Tuttavia, le "ibride" modalità di attuazione della PSDC rivelano l'incoerenza delle scelte di fondo del Trattato di Lisbona, in cui si cerca di combinare l'ambizione di un'autentica politica difensiva sovranazionale con il mantenimento di strutture e strumenti prevalentemente intergovernativi