Suchergebnisse

Since 2003, in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), the European Union (EU) has deployed a growing number of crisis management missions, mostly civilian ones, in many countries and with different purposes: from support to police and security sectors, strengthening and reforming the rule of law, assistance to customs and boundaries etc. EU civilian missions are in charge of rebuilding or reforming a country's security sector according to European standard, values and practices. Given the EU's declared support of local ownership, the main aim of this research project has been to evaluate civilian missions' long term impact on the ground. The objectives of this project have been twofold: looking at the long term effects generated by EU engagement in the targeted countries and examining whether these reforms are sustainable or not and why. In order to assess impact, this research has taken into account the concepts of effectiveness and sustinability and it has analysed the perspectives of the EU- namely officials' observations and opinions on the effects accomplished, and that of the beneficiary country, i.e. local authorities' expectations and their points of view. Three missions have been chosen as case studies: EUPM (Bosnia-Herzegovina), EUJUST Themis (Georgia) and EULEX (Kosovo). The first two are completed missions (one has been a long mission, the other a short one); while the latter is still ongoing and thus it provideS an opportunity to examine how the EU works to increase the sustainability of reforms implemented and incorporating previous lessons learned. Beginning with an overview of the CSDP, then the research focused on the notion of impact and how it can be evaluated. At the same time, the thesis analysed the existing state of the art concerning EU missions evaluation, in order to stress key gaps in the literature and in the field. Later, the project concentrated on the analysis of the case studies by applying the criteria of effectiveness and sustainability and conducting qualitative interviews. Finally, conclusions summed up the main findings related to the issue of impact evaluation in CSDP missions and to the analysis of the case studies, evidencing light and shadows.

The article tries to apply the classical tools of Foreign Policy Analysis to the case of EU external actions. It uses the classification of issue-areas made by Theodore Lowi to study EU foreign policy. In particular the article analyzes three case studies of EU nuclear non-proliferation policy: the decision in July 1994 to back indefinite extension of the Non-Proliferation Treaty; the decision in December 1994 to establish a Community control system on exports of dual-use goods; & the decision in March 1996 to participate in KEDO. Analysis of these case-studies provides the advantage of an issue-area perspective for European foreign policy & illustrates the severe limits of applying a strictly intergovernmental approach to understanding the Common Foreign & Security Policy. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

This article explores whether the development of a common European asylum policy, & the construction of a directive on minimum standards for the granting of refugee status, is dominated by a security discourse. In such a security discourse, asylum is considered a cross-border threat to the realization of the internal market & the internal stability of Member States. While the social construction of asylum as a problem puts pressure on the traditional humanitarian framework on which international refugee protection is being based. The tension between these two approaches seems to result in a restrictive European common asylum policy, with a focus on control & prevention of migration into the EU. In this article, we analyse the tensions between the security & the humanitarian discourse in primary & secondary sources, using the model of Laclau & Mouffe. We conclude that while creating a common asylum policy, a securitization process is present. Tables. Adapted from the source document.

Il presente volume affronta i molteplici aspetti istituzionali e operativi che contraddistinguono la Politica di Sicurezza e Difesa Comune (PSDC) con un linguaggio il più possibile chiaro e accessibile, in modo da restituire al lettore una visione organica e comprensibile di una materia oggettivamente complessa. A questo fine, i Curatori hanno chiamato a contribuire al volume esponenti particolarmente qualificati di diverse Università italiane e alti ufficiali delle Forze armate che hanno operato sul campo e che conoscono direttamente gli aspetti realizzativi delle missioni e delle operazioni militari. L'opera è suddivisa in tre parti. La prima ricostruisce la cornice istituzionale della PSDC, ne presenta le principali componenti materiali e ne indaga i rapporti con altri settori. Nella seconda vengono affrontati gli aspetti giuridici relativi alle missioni e alle operazioni militari dell'Unione europea, anche alla luce della collaborazione con la NATO e le Nazioni Unite. La terza raccoglie approfondimenti e casi-studio relativi di particolare interesse e attualità

La ricerca esamina il ruolo delle imprese che svolgono attività di sicurezza privata in Italia (oggi definita anche "sussidiaria" o "complementare") in relazione allo sviluppo delle recenti politiche sociali che prevedono il coinvolgimento di privati nella gestione della sicurezza in una prospettiva di community safety. Nel 2008/2009 le politiche pubbliche di sicurezza legate al controllo del territorio hanno prodotto norme con nuovi poteri "di polizia" concessi agli amministratori locali e la previsione di associazione di cittadini per la segnalare eventi dannosi alla sicurezza urbana ("ronde"). Nello stesso periodo è iniziata un'importante riforma del settore della sicurezza privata, ancora in fase di attuazione, che definisce le attività svolte dalle imprese di security, individua le caratteristiche delle imprese e fissa i parametri per la formazione del personale. Il quadro teorico del lavoro esamina i concetti di sicurezza/insicurezza urbana e di società del rischio alla luce delle teorie criminologiche legate alla prevenzione situazionale e sociale e alla community policing. La ricerca sul campo si basa sull'analisi del contenuto di diverse interviste in profondità con esponenti del mondo della sicurezza privata (imprenditori, dirigenti, studiosi). Le interviste hanno fatto emergere che il ruolo della sicurezza privata in Italia risulta fortemente problematico; anche la riforma in corso sulla normativa del settore è considerata con scarso entusiasmo a causa delle difficoltà della congiuntura economica che rischia di compromettere seriamente la crescita. Il mercato della sicurezza in Italia è frastagliato e scarsamente controllato; manca un'azione di coordinamento fra le diverse anime della sicurezza (vigilanza privata, investigazione, facility/security management); persiste una condizione di subalternità e di assenza di collaborazione con il settore pubblico che rende la sicurezza privata relegata in un ruolo marginale, lontano dalle logiche di sussidiarietà. ; The research examines the role of private companies engaged in security in Italy (now also called subsidiary or complementary) in relation to the development of recent social policies that provide for the involvement of private sector in security management from a perspective of community safety. In 2008/2009 the public policy of safety-related control of the territory have produced standards with new "police" powers granted to local administrators and the prediction of association of citizens to report adverse events to urban safety ("rounds"). At the same time a major reform of the private security industry began, still in the implementation phase, which defines the activities of security companies, identifies their characteristics and sets standards for the training of personnel. The theoretical framework of the paper examines the concepts of security / insecurity and urban risk society in the light of criminological theories related to social and situational prevention and community policing. The fieldwork is based on the contents of several in-depth interviews with members of the private security (contractors, managers, researchers). The interviews revealed that the role of private security in Italy is highly problematic, even the ongoing reform of the regulatory environment is considered with little enthusiasm because of the difficulties of the economic situation that is likely to seriously affect the growth. The security market in Italy is jagged and poorly controlled; missing coordinate between the different souls of security (private security, investigation, facility / security management); a condition of subordination and lack of cooperation remains with the public sector which makes the private security relegated to a marginal role.

A report summarizing debates on proposals for European integration at the European Council of Laeken, on the eve of the introduction of the euro. Among issues discussed are the following: European defense & security policy; adding more countries to the EU; interventions (humanitarian & military) in Afghanistan; position on the war against terrorism; the general economic outlook; the Lisbon strategy; employment; sustainable development & quality of life; research & development; consolidation of the European social model; a common asylum & immigration policy; more efficient control of foreign borders; international cooperation in legal & law enforcement matters; foreign policy statements on the Middle East, the western Balkan nations, Africa, & Russia; & cooperation on development matters. 2 Appendixes. J. Sadler