Suchergebnisse

Security policy in different time periods was differently regarded. Security was initially seen as the matter of military field, but the development of the public security threats and the fields which they affect, expanded the field of application of the notion of security. Another important aspect is that the security threats often affect not only national public level but as well they start to influence the regional and the international level. These processes therefore augmented the need to develop ecosecurity sector, because many accidents nowadays occur in large strategic objects (such as in the nuclear power-stations) which touch the interests of a large number of countries. Furthermore, there are global problems such as climate change affecting all countries the solution of which is possible only by the cooperation of international community. In order to make a decision of ecological security the states develop appropriate policy. Moreover, the majority of states ensure a high level of ecosafety by joining regional and international agreements. The sphere of eco-security is expanding and includes a growing number of sectors, not only the protection of the environment, but also criminal issues and other fields. The Article discusses the peculiarities of national security and regulatory context, and reviews the questions of eco-security regulated in the legal acts of Lithuanian Republic. The main provisions of the Lithuanian eco-security are enshrined in the National Security Act the Framework Programme of Eco-security, the Environmental Protection Act of Lithuanian Republic and other legal acts regarding the protection of ecosystem and environment. ; Saugumo politika skirtingais laikotarpiais buvo vertinama skirtingai. Pradžioje saugumas buvo suprantamas kaip karinis, tačiau vystantis visuomenei saugumo grėsmių ratas plėtėsi. Dar vienas svarbus aspektas – grėsmės saugumui neretai pereina iš valstybės lygmens į regioninį bei tarptautinį. Labai dažnai avarijos dideliuose objektuose (pvz. atominėje elektrinėje) paliečia ne vienos šalies interesus, o keleto, be to, yra globalių problemų, tokių kaip klimato kaita, kurių sprendimui reikalingos tarptautinės bendruomenės pastangos. Šie procesai sąlygojo poreikį išskirti ekologinio saugumo sektorių. Ekologinio saugumo problemų sprendimui valstybės suformuoja atitinkamą politiką, be to, dauguma valstybių renkasi didesnio saugumo lygio užtikrinimą prisijungiant prie regioninių ir tarptautinių susitarimų. Pats ekologinio saugumo objektas plečiasi ir apima vis daugiau sektorių, ne vien tik aplinkos apsaugos, bet sutinkami ir kiti (pvz. kriminaliai klausimai). Straipsnyje aptarta ekologinio saugumo raida ir reguliavimo ypatumai nacionalinio saugumo kontekste, apžvelgtos Lietuvos ekologinio saugumo teisinio reglamentavimo gairės.

This paper raises the question of a policy for conflict in the making for the EU : the European Defense and Security Policy. After a brief presentation of our analytical method, we structure the paper in three axes. First, where does ESDP come from and what are its main objectives ? Then, what is European specificity in developing specific crisis management tools, and how do theses tool work and socialize the diplomatic and politico-military actors involved ? Last but not least, how does ESDP interplay between Brussels and the member states ? What does ESDP change for them, and what are its obvious and more pregnant limits up to now? ESDP constitutes a way for the Europeans to exit the world order of the Cold War and aims at providing the EU with a median way of crisis and conflict management between the approaches developed by traditional international organizations as NATO, the UNO or the OSCE. ESDP incarnates also the commitment of the three leading countries in defense and security matters in Europe –France, Great Britain and Germany- to overcome the shock of the Balkans crisis where Europe had been characterized by its division and inability to act effectively to solve the conflict. Therefore the member states had built specific organs, tools and procedures in the framework of ESDP. The originality and added value of the EU with its crisis management policy as the heart of ESDP is to propose an integrated approach combining military and civilian instruments. This however raises several fundamental questions. ESDP still lacks cross-pillar coherence, particularly regarding the financing of ESDP operations. This also raises the question of the interplay between Brussels and the member states: deploying troops is still a national sovereign decision and EU states keep on analyzing situations in the light of their national security interest. Yet ESDP combined with the new trends in military socialization since the 80's constitute a strong incentive to reform both the armies and military education. Thus ESDP seems ...

This paper raises the question of a policy for conflict in the making for the EU : the European Defense and Security Policy. After a brief presentation of our analytical method, we structure the paper in three axes. First, where does ESDP come from and what are its main objectives ? Then, what is European specificity in developing specific crisis management tools, and how do theses tool work and socialize the diplomatic and politico-military actors involved ? Last but not least, how does ESDP interplay between Brussels and the member states ? What does ESDP change for them, and what are its obvious and more pregnant limits up to now? ESDP constitutes a way for the Europeans to exit the world order of the Cold War and aims at providing the EU with a median way of crisis and conflict management between the approaches developed by traditional international organizations as NATO, the UNO or the OSCE. ESDP incarnates also the commitment of the three leading countries in defense and security matters in Europe –France, Great Britain and Germany- to overcome the shock of the Balkans crisis where Europe had been characterized by its division and inability to act effectively to solve the conflict. Therefore the member states had built specific organs, tools and procedures in the framework of ESDP. The originality and added value of the EU with its crisis management policy as the heart of ESDP is to propose an integrated approach combining military and civilian instruments. This however raises several fundamental questions. ESDP still lacks cross-pillar coherence, particularly regarding the financing of ESDP operations. This also raises the question of the interplay between Brussels and the member states: deploying troops is still a national sovereign decision and EU states keep on analyzing situations in the light of their national security interest. Yet ESDP combined with the new trends in military socialization since the 80's constitute a strong incentive to reform both the armies and military education. Thus ESDP seems ...

This paper raises the question of a policy for conflict in the making for the EU : the European Defense and Security Policy. After a brief presentation of our analytical method, we structure the paper in three axes. First, where does ESDP come from and what are its main objectives ? Then, what is European specificity in developing specific crisis management tools, and how do theses tool work and socialize the diplomatic and politico-military actors involved ? Last but not least, how does ESDP interplay between Brussels and the member states ? What does ESDP change for them, and what are its obvious and more pregnant limits up to now? ESDP constitutes a way for the Europeans to exit the world order of the Cold War and aims at providing the EU with a median way of crisis and conflict management between the approaches developed by traditional international organizations as NATO, the UNO or the OSCE. ESDP incarnates also the commitment of the three leading countries in defense and security matters in Europe –France, Great Britain and Germany- to overcome the shock of the Balkans crisis where Europe had been characterized by its division and inability to act effectively to solve the conflict. Therefore the member states had built specific organs, tools and procedures in the framework of ESDP. The originality and added value of the EU with its crisis management policy as the heart of ESDP is to propose an integrated approach combining military and civilian instruments. This however raises several fundamental questions. ESDP still lacks cross-pillar coherence, particularly regarding the financing of ESDP operations. This also raises the question of the interplay between Brussels and the member states: deploying troops is still a national sovereign decision and EU states keep on analyzing situations in the light of their national security interest. Yet ESDP combined with the new trends in military socialization since the 80's constitute a strong incentive to reform both the armies and military education. Thus ESDP seems ...

THE FORMATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY IN A MODERN ORGANIZATION SUMMARY The main object of work – creation of information security policy, in modern organization. The main purpose of this work – to analyze and in the end of this work give recomendations, that wuold be useful and wil help organization to know better what is security policy and implement this policy in organizaton. Main tasks, determined in the final work are: determinate conception of information security policy, to explore the main stages of security policy creation; review and introduce internationals standarts and formats which are available on market, to familiaraise with most imoportan steps of security strategy and documentaition; determinate main organization maturity models, which are used in security threats analysis. To analize, what size investition are allocated to secure company's information; to explore that situation is in Lithuanian market, which security metodics and products are available for Lithuanian organization. Successful implementation of security policy in organization depends, from that, how organization will perceive security importance, how they will identify most important information resources, and forecast how this new policy will impact business activity. Also very important is not to make mistakes, choosing methodic ant technologies, which would be adequate to organizations activity. According to the analysis of security methodic and most important security policy steps, is easier to asses the main problems in security process, and to identify reasons which may make security policy inefficient. Successful implementation of security policy, employees training, good manager's security understanding will help to avoid many problems. This work is systematized information about main security policy steps and process, most popular standards, occurring problems ant recommendations how to avoid them. So this work, can be used as a broad – brush and structures theoretical tool, about mains security process. It can be useful, to everyone who is interested in information security.

THE FORMATION OF INFORMATION SECURITY POLICY IN A MODERN ORGANIZATION SUMMARY The main object of work – creation of information security policy, in modern organization. The main purpose of this work – to analyze and in the end of this work give recomendations, that wuold be useful and wil help organization to know better what is security policy and implement this policy in organizaton. Main tasks, determined in the final work are: determinate conception of information security policy, to explore the main stages of security policy creation; review and introduce internationals standarts and formats which are available on market, to familiaraise with most imoportan steps of security strategy and documentaition; determinate main organization maturity models, which are used in security threats analysis. To analize, what size investition are allocated to secure company's information; to explore that situation is in Lithuanian market, which security metodics and products are available for Lithuanian organization. Successful implementation of security policy in organization depends, from that, how organization will perceive security importance, how they will identify most important information resources, and forecast how this new policy will impact business activity. Also very important is not to make mistakes, choosing methodic ant technologies, which would be adequate to organizations activity. According to the analysis of security methodic and most important security policy steps, is easier to asses the main problems in security process, and to identify reasons which may make security policy inefficient. Successful implementation of security policy, employees training, good manager's security understanding will help to avoid many problems. This work is systematized information about main security policy steps and process, most popular standards, occurring problems ant recommendations how to avoid them. So this work, can be used as a broad – brush and structures theoretical tool, about mains security process. It can be useful, to everyone who is interested in information security.

Majority of social relations is moving to the virtual space. People are using electronic communications more actively not only for finding important information on the web, but also for ordering and purchasing goods, paying for services and transferring money, watching TV and etc. Development in electronic devices and data transfer technologies allows connectivity to services anywhere anytime. Government institutions, service providers are searching for more ways to provide their services for citizens via the Internet. Information society development is highly related to network and information security. This paper addresses Lithuanian information security policies before EU enlargement and after it. The main goal is to evaluate the impact of EU on the Lithuanian information and network security, safer internet, information technology and development. The paper also proposes qualitative research on Lithuanian information security issues and EU impact of new policies. Governmental and business companies that participated in the research do not relate EU enlargement with IT security progress in Lithuania. They emphasized some factors, that have impact on information and network security. It is IT development, economy, legislation, user friendly information society. Information and network security is also influenced by better financing after the EU enlargement, international cooperation, best practice examples and others.

Majority of social relations is moving to the virtual space. People are using electronic communications more actively not only for finding important information on the web, but also for ordering and purchasing goods, paying for services and transferring money, watching TV and etc. Development in electronic devices and data transfer technologies allows connectivity to services anywhere anytime. Government institutions, service providers are searching for more ways to provide their services for citizens via the Internet. Information society development is highly related to network and information security. This paper addresses Lithuanian information security policies before EU enlargement and after it. The main goal is to evaluate the impact of EU on the Lithuanian information and network security, safer internet, information technology and development. The paper also proposes qualitative research on Lithuanian information security issues and EU impact of new policies. Governmental and business companies that participated in the research do not relate EU enlargement with IT security progress in Lithuania. They emphasized some factors, that have impact on information and network security. It is IT development, economy, legislation, user friendly information society. Information and network security is also influenced by better financing after the EU enlargement, international cooperation, best practice examples and others.

Majority of social relations is moving to the virtual space. People are using electronic communications more actively not only for finding important information on the web, but also for ordering and purchasing goods, paying for services and transferring money, watching TV and etc. Development in electronic devices and data transfer technologies allows connectivity to services anywhere anytime. Government institutions, service providers are searching for more ways to provide their services for citizens via the Internet. Information society development is highly related to network and information security. This paper addresses Lithuanian information security policies before EU enlargement and after it. The main goal is to evaluate the impact of EU on the Lithuanian information and network security, safer internet, information technology and development. The paper also proposes qualitative research on Lithuanian information security issues and EU impact of new policies. Governmental and business companies that participated in the research do not relate EU enlargement with IT security progress in Lithuania. They emphasized some factors, that have impact on information and network security. It is IT development, economy, legislation, user friendly information society. Information and network security is also influenced by better financing after the EU enlargement, international cooperation, best practice examples and others.

Majority of social relations is moving to the virtual space. People are using electronic communications more actively not only for finding important information on the web, but also for ordering and purchasing goods, paying for services and transferring money, watching TV and etc. Development in electronic devices and data transfer technologies allows connectivity to services anywhere anytime. Government institutions, service providers are searching for more ways to provide their services for citizens via the Internet. Information society development is highly related to network and information security. This paper addresses Lithuanian information security policies before EU enlargement and after it. The main goal is to evaluate the impact of EU on the Lithuanian information and network security, safer internet, information technology and development. The paper also proposes qualitative research on Lithuanian information security issues and EU impact of new policies. Governmental and business companies that participated in the research do not relate EU enlargement with IT security progress in Lithuania. They emphasized some factors, that have impact on information and network security. It is IT development, economy, legislation, user friendly information society. Information and network security is also influenced by better financing after the EU enlargement, international cooperation, best practice examples and others.

The main objective of the article is a critical evaluation of the concepts of economic security which are based on the assumptionof the state as a unit of analysis, how these concepts are analysed in scholarship and used to support applied measures of economic security policy. The article also aims at answering the question what is and ought to be the concept of economic security in current Lithuanian politics. The authors do not strive to solve an old and essential problem of social sciences – the methodological choice between individualistic and collectivistic analysis. The goal of the article is just to show the main contradictions in theoretical analysis and political practices between those two approaches when dealing with the problems of economic security. The article admits the wide spread usage of the holistic approach and the fact of policies being based on this approach. However, the use of these measures often causes negative consequences – not only weakening of economic security of individuals, but, in the long run, of states as supra-individual institutions. To expose those measures and inconsistencies is another goal of the article. On the one hand, this makes the analysis more normative, on the other hand, it provides more insights on the topic. The article discusses the concept of economic security, different levels and scope of its analysis. Two different approaches – holistic and individualistic – and their interrelations are presented in more detailed way. The main focus is on how these two different approaches understand and use the concept of threats, as well as the impact of collective measures of economic security and their impact on individuals.

The main objective of the article is a critical evaluation of the concepts of economic security which are based on the assumptionof the state as a unit of analysis, how these concepts are analysed in scholarship and used to support applied measures of economic security policy. The article also aims at answering the question what is and ought to be the concept of economic security in current Lithuanian politics. The authors do not strive to solve an old and essential problem of social sciences – the methodological choice between individualistic and collectivistic analysis. The goal of the article is just to show the main contradictions in theoretical analysis and political practices between those two approaches when dealing with the problems of economic security. The article admits the wide spread usage of the holistic approach and the fact of policies being based on this approach. However, the use of these measures often causes negative consequences – not only weakening of economic security of individuals, but, in the long run, of states as supra-individual institutions. To expose those measures and inconsistencies is another goal of the article. On the one hand, this makes the analysis more normative, on the other hand, it provides more insights on the topic. The article discusses the concept of economic security, different levels and scope of its analysis. Two different approaches – holistic and individualistic – and their interrelations are presented in more detailed way. The main focus is on how these two different approaches understand and use the concept of threats, as well as the impact of collective measures of economic security and their impact on individuals.

The main objective of the article is a critical evaluation of the concepts of economic security which are based on the assumptionof the state as a unit of analysis, how these concepts are analysed in scholarship and used to support applied measures of economic security policy. The article also aims at answering the question what is and ought to be the concept of economic security in current Lithuanian politics. The authors do not strive to solve an old and essential problem of social sciences – the methodological choice between individualistic and collectivistic analysis. The goal of the article is just to show the main contradictions in theoretical analysis and political practices between those two approaches when dealing with the problems of economic security. The article admits the wide spread usage of the holistic approach and the fact of policies being based on this approach. However, the use of these measures often causes negative consequences – not only weakening of economic security of individuals, but, in the long run, of states as supra-individual institutions. To expose those measures and inconsistencies is another goal of the article. On the one hand, this makes the analysis more normative, on the other hand, it provides more insights on the topic. The article discusses the concept of economic security, different levels and scope of its analysis. Two different approaches – holistic and individualistic – and their interrelations are presented in more detailed way. The main focus is on how these two different approaches understand and use the concept of threats, as well as the impact of collective measures of economic security and their impact on individuals.

The main objective of the article is a critical evaluation of the concepts of economic security which are based on the assumptionof the state as a unit of analysis, how these concepts are analysed in scholarship and used to support applied measures of economic security policy. The article also aims at answering the question what is and ought to be the concept of economic security in current Lithuanian politics. The authors do not strive to solve an old and essential problem of social sciences – the methodological choice between individualistic and collectivistic analysis. The goal of the article is just to show the main contradictions in theoretical analysis and political practices between those two approaches when dealing with the problems of economic security. The article admits the wide spread usage of the holistic approach and the fact of policies being based on this approach. However, the use of these measures often causes negative consequences – not only weakening of economic security of individuals, but, in the long run, of states as supra-individual institutions. To expose those measures and inconsistencies is another goal of the article. On the one hand, this makes the analysis more normative, on the other hand, it provides more insights on the topic. The article discusses the concept of economic security, different levels and scope of its analysis. Two different approaches – holistic and individualistic – and their interrelations are presented in more detailed way. The main focus is on how these two different approaches understand and use the concept of threats, as well as the impact of collective measures of economic security and their impact on individuals.

The controversial war in Iraq has revitalized the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU), which has been stagnant since Maastricht Treaty and the failure in the Balkans. The development of the CFSP is accumulating acceleration: the EU will soon have not only a common market, common institutions and a single currency, but also a common constitution, minister of foreign affairs and even a common army. The leaders of the larger states are especially enthusiastic about a stronger CFSP as a counterweight to the US dominance in the international security affairs. The authors of this article contend that clearly articulated and globally projected CFSP will not be possible unless common European interests stemming from as common European identity and implemented by common supranational institutions will emerge. The impact of the CFSP on Lithuanian foreign and security policy will depend on the pace of European integration in this area and the strength of European identity within the political elite of Lithuania and the society itself. Will this impact be of a positive nature? It will depend on the way Europe will choose: creation of an independent defence structure as an alternative to NATO or development of a cohesive strategic partnership with the US and NATO. In any case, Lithuania will have to constantly seek for a subtle balance between her commitments to NATO, implications of the EU membership and the strategic partnership with the US. In this. [to full text]