Suchergebnisse

Since its origins, in the context of the Cold War's beginning, NATO has been a robust defensive alliance, acting in accordance with UN Charter, as a collective defence structure based on solidarity and mutual trust. Nowadays it has 28 member states and one can say that it fulfilled its main role: to protect the West against communist/Soviet threats using the deterrence and containmemt tools. Neither USSR nor its main instrument, the Warsaw Pact dare to attack the Euro-Altantic area. Our main assumption is that because the specific national interests of each member state, because of the domestic-constitutional issues and bureaucratic obstacles, the Alliance cannot yet forge a common strategic culture for all its members and also lacks a common lens for detecting real risks and therats, be they nation states or non-states actors. Nowadays, Russia and Islamic State are the main adversaries for the Western states, thus NATO should be more effective in dealing with them. And there is a need for reform and transformation. Divergences between adepts of territorial defence and those of pro-active "out of area" missions go in addition to divergences concerning the neeed for increased defence budgets for all members and especially concering the attitude towards Russia. Moscow used economic and energy tools trying to divise some allies like Hungary, Greece and Bulgaria and it partially succeeded. Using some theories of alliances and of democratic peace, resorting to recent facts and figures related to NATO's activities and plans, will help the reader understand the problem of increasing the power vs. increasing the security dilemma and the prospect of future conflicts.

The interconnection between the environmental issues and national security is one of the pressing matters due to the rapid changes that are taking place in both areas. Resource scarcity
and environmental degradation are increasingly understood to play an important role in generating or exacerbating conflicts. One of the most important causes that contribute to this degradation is related to the mismanagement of water resources.This situation has an important
impact on all the activities related to the proper functioning of a community. This research aims taking into account the scarcity of the water resources and degradation of its quality as a challenge on the national security. The deplation and degradation of the water resources are a function of the physical vulnerability of the resource, the size of the resource consuming
population and the technologies and practices this population uses in this consumption behavior.

The energy security as a component part of national security was and remains to be a permanent concern for the Republic of Moldova for the whole period of its independence. This will determine the sustainable development of the national economy, the social equity, and the sovereignty of the state. This article highlights both the problems regarding the energy security at the contemporary stage and its perspectives in the European context.

During the first half of the 19th century, social public care was organized along two directions: commitment of professional beggars, without a family, in specialized institutions, and home assistance of beggars with families (by a monthly pension and by an annual change of clothes). The article relies on archive documents, such as potential beneficiaries' help requests, administrative documents issued by the authorities, lists of help beneficiaries, inquiries, etc. It presents aspects related to the practical functioning of the social assistance: types of beneficiaries, pension distribution procedures, abuses and frauds. The legal limitations of the administrative rigidity of the pension system were strictly defined, even before the assessment of the real needs in society. This is the reason the efficiency of the pension system was lower than expected both by the authorities and the beneficiaries.

This article deals with the emergence of a new type of crime prevention in
interwar Romania. Inspired by the Italian school of criminal law and by the
Italian Criminal Code "Rocco" (1930), the Romanian Criminal Code "King Carol
II" (1936) formulates a new type of criminal sanctions, explicitly designed to
address and combat the social dangerousness. Regarded as a major challenge to
the classic criminal system based on free will and guilt, the "security measures"
were formalizing new types of offenders defined as such not by their criminal
acts but by their criminal potential, redefining the scope and the goal of the
criminal prevention. Major debates in the epoch reveal the possible threats this
new type of criminal sanctions and of a criminal policy orientated towards risk
prevention, seen as closely connected with authoritarian tendencies, carried for
individual freedom and the rule of law. The legal issues discussed in the epoch prove significant for the current debates regarding the negative consequences the
preventive War on Terror have for individual freedom and the rule of law.