1. Introduction: Housing and Ageing: Key Development and Concerns -- 2. Shifting Approaches to Housing Wealth Security in Ageing Societies -- 3. Overseas Housing for Elderly Hongkongers? Comparing the Key Factors Influencing Retiree Migration between Japan and Hong Kong -- 4. Successful Ageing: The Novel Perspectives and Experiences of Vietnamese Migrants in Australia -- 5. Population Ageing and Community-based old age care supply in China -- 6. China's Ageing Population: Policy Implications for Economic Growth -- 7. Redesigning Urban Neighbourhood Space under the Open Community -- 8. A Spiral, Stage-Sensitive Model of Grief in Dementia Caregiving – A qualitative study of caregiver experiences with hospitalised patients with dementia in Shanghai, China -- 9. 'Home Sweet Home': Making the Discourse of Housing Space and Quality in Hong Kong 1930s – 1990s -- 10. The Informal Carer in Old Age Care: Observations in Hong Kong through the Lens of Critical Discourse Analysis -- 11. Perceptions of Transitional Housing: Voices of Residents Living in Subdivided Units in Hong Kong -- 12. Employment Experience of Marginalised Older People Who Use Drugs in Employment Markets in Hong Kong.
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In foreign policy terms, summer brings a renewed call from the administration for a permanent seat for Germany on the UN Security Council. Chances for success however seem slim despite the loud calls of Chancellor Gerhard Schroder, as it is difficult to reconcile these calls with the apparent desire to ignore specific decisions such as that of Iraq. Additionally, it is unclear how the realization of such an aim is in the German interest, & why other global regulatory institutions are not considered. Schroder is unlike Chancellor Kohl, who was well suited to play an international & global role & consistently worked toward defusing international crises rather than focusing on rhetoric. German foreign & security policy will have to be left to a future German administration, as Schroder & his foreign minister Fischer were & are "New Market" oriented. L. Kehl
The article analyzes the structuration of Brazil's cybersecurity policy between the years of 2003 and 2016 as a component of its strategy of international insertion and projection of leadership in the Global South. The Internet governance field, of which cybersecurity is a part, offers the country a relatively low-cost opportunity of protagonism in the elaboration of international norms. It analyzes cornerstone documents of this policy and argues that it is a part of the country's efforts to project its soft power in the field of international security, but that its incoherencies can affect and even compromise the strategy. Finally, it draws brief projections to this policy in face of political changes in Brazil. ; El artículo analiza la estructuración de la política de ciberseguridad de Brasil entre los años de 2003 y 2016 como componente de su estrategia de inserción internacional y proyección de liderazgo en el Sul Global. El campo de la gobernanza de la Internet, de lo cual la ciberseguridad es parte, ofrece al país una oportunidad de relativo bajo costo de protagonismo en la elaboración de normas internacionales. Analizase documentos principales de esa política y argumentase que ella es parte de los esfuerzos de proyección del soft power del país en el campo de la seguridad internacional, pero que sus incoherencias pueden afectar y hasta mismo comprometer esta estrategia. Por fin, trazase breves proyecciones para esta política ante los cambios políticos en Brasil.AbstractThe article analyzes the structuration of Brazil's cybersecurity policy between the years of 2003 and 2016 as a component of its strategy of international insertion and projection of leadership in the Global South. The Internet governance field, of which cybersecurity is a part, offers the country a relatively low-cost opportunity of protagonism in the elaboration of international norms. It analyzes cornerstone documents of this policy and argues that it is a part of the country's efforts to project its soft power in the field of international security, but that its incoherencies can affect and even compromise the strategy. Finally, it draws brief projections to this policy in face of political changes in Brazil.
Athen unterhält relativ zu seiner Bevölkerungszahl die größte Armee in Europa und hat einen der höchsten Verteidigungsetats in der NATO. Warum kürzt die griechische Regierung zur Verringerung der Schulden- und Kreditlast also nicht einfach die Verteidigungsausgaben, zumal die aktuelle Lage in der Region weniger durch eine konkrete militärische Bedrohung als durch vielfältige humanitäre Probleme gekennzeichnet ist? Wie ist das sicherheitspolitische Umfeld der griechischen Krise einzuschätzen? (Europäische Sicherheit & Technik / SWP)
Institutional relations between NATO and Russia have been suspended since the illegal annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the war in eastern Ukraine. Conflicting ideas about Euro-Atlantic security have left the relationship deeply and lastingly damaged. This makes it all the more important to gain clarity about the determining factors and perspectives of the relationship. Its evolution over the coming five to ten years will also be shaped by future events, such as the NATO summit in Warsaw in 2016 and elections in the United States in 2016 and Russia in 2016 and 2018. External developments will play a significant role, too. (author's abstract)
AbstractThe term 'resilience' has increasingly featured in foreign and security policy discourse, appearing in the 2016 European Union Global Strategy, the 2017 US National Security Strategy, and most recently in the UK's 2021 Integrated Review. These strategies note the importance of preparing for, responding to, and recovering from crises that could affect civilian society. While these strategies agree on the importance of building resilience, they do not specify the concrete policies that would be required to do so. Through a comparison of three democratic countries that refer to resilience in their national security documents, Sweden, Israel, and Australia, this article will identify measures that contribute to resilience in democracies. It will also discuss how policymakers in democratic countries should anticipate emerging trends and future threats to enhance their resilience in an increasingly complex and dangerous security environment.
Security, as expressed by the security policy of a state, is one of the most fundamental aspects of a foreign and defense policies of a state. Together, they create a foreign orientation of the state which may alter with time, space and under the influence of political decision-making. This paper presents the sources of the strategic orientation of Slovakia that emerged in reaction to historical events that the faced country Slovakia gradually integrated into the European and Euro—Atlantic structures with the emphasis on coalition changes in the governance of the state. This paper, through analysis and comparison, shows the dominant changes in the Slovakian security environment. In any case, it has been the destiny of small countries to maintain their security through cooperation and integration.
Germany is at risk of sustaining collateral damage in the face of intensifying US-Chinese competition and conflict. China's ascendance and America's desire to preserve the status quo lock Beijing and Washington into a classic security dilemma. The United States sees China as a potential regional hegemon in Asia and as an emerging global systemic challenger. China sees the United States as impeding its rise. Security competition is already well underway. So are geo-economic and geo-technological competition and conflict. For Germany, a position of relative neutrality or equidistance is not an option, it should consider pursuing a multi-track approach.
The study found many factors contributing to the successful US information policy. Among them are regulatory legal regulation, successful policy of state bodies and the administration of the president, public awareness and confidence, cyber-insurance and international cooperation. It is noted that the US has a strong legislative base. The beginning of the development of information security was laid in the first half of the twentieth century. It is emphasized that the further course of the whole state depends on the administration of the president, therefore the two last Presidents paid much attention to the problem of cyber-terrorism. They recognized that cybercrime and cyber-espionage threaten the national security of the country. The US law on external information security has been described, which includes a set of federal laws, state laws and regulations that together form the legal basis for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of information security. The main features of the National Cyber Spaces Protection Strategy (2003), Cyber Security Review (2009), the Comprehensive National Cyber Security Initiative (2010), the US Cybersecurity Strategy 2011, the CISPA 2012 Act (Cyber Intelligence Sharring and Protection Act) were highlighted. The five main directions of activity on information protection issues that are defined by the Strategy are analyzed: constant monitoring and continuous evaluation of threats and vulnerabilities of state information systems; implementation of national measures to reduce the threats and vulnerabilities of cyberspace; implementation of measures to protect the information systems of the authorities; providing quality education and training on issues of protection of cyberspace; cooperation on issues of national security and security of international cyberspace. It is proved that cyber insurance is becoming widespread within the country, thus reducing the chances of cybercriminals to commit cyber attacks. International cooperation is one of the important components of ensuring information security. ; У ході дослідження виявлено багато чинників, які сприяли проведенню успішної інформаційної політики США. Серед них виділено нормативно-правове регулювання, удалу політику державних органів й адміністрації президента, інформованість і довіру населення, кібер-страхування й міжнародну співпраця. Наголошено, що США має потужну законодавчу базу. Початок розвитку інформаційної безпеки закладено ще в першій половині ХХ ст. Виокремлено, що від адміністрації президента залежить подальший курс усієї держави, тому двоє останніх приділяли багато уваги проблемі кібертероризму. Вони визнавали, що кіберзлочин і кібершпигунство становлять загрозу національній безпеці країни. Охарактеризовано законодавство США у сфері зовнішньої інформаційної безпеки, що включає сукупність федеральних законів, законів штатів та нормативних актів, які разом створюють правову основу для утворення й здійснення державної політики у сфері інформаційної безпеки. Виокремлено основні з них: «Національну стратегію захисту кіберпростору» (2003), «Огляд з кібербезпеки» (Cyber Security Review, 2009), «Ініціативу зі всеосяжної національної кібербезпеки» (2010), Стратегію кібербезпеки США 2011 р., Закон CISPA 2012 р. («Cyber Intelliggence Sharring and Protection Act»). Проаналізовано п'ять основних напрямів діяльності з питань інформаційного захисту, які визначає Стратегія: постійний моніторинг і безперервна оцінка загроз та вразливих місць державних інформаційних систем; здійснення національних заходів зі зменшення загроз й уразливості кіберпростору; уживання заходів щодо захисту інформаційних систем органів влади; забезпечення якісної освіти та навчання з питань захисту кіберпростору; співробітництво з питань національної безпеки й безпеки міжнародного кіберпростору. Доведено, що кібер-страхування стає поширене в межах країни, тим самим зменшує шанси кіберзлочинців на проведення кібератак. Міжнародна співпраця є однією з важливих складових частин забезпечення інформаційної безпеки.
"NATO needs to define its global purpose if it wishes to address global threats. What is the prospect of NATO going global and how will it affect NATO's future course? In the run-up to the NATO Summit in Riga in November 2006, a debate on both sides of the Atlantic has now evolved over NATO's global engagement that touches on the very foundations of NATO's original purpose and definition. Critically, the debate is no longer about wether NATO should go 'out of area or out of business' but whether the Alliance should enlarge on a global level from Vancouver to Tokyo and Wellington. In order to place this debate into the recent historical context of the Alliance, this article examines U.S.-European security relations since September 11 within the institutional framework of NATO and, subsequently, draws conclusions for the future role of the Alliance. As the transatlantic community faces security threats of inherently global nature such as internationally organized terrorism and crime, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, collapse or lack of state structures in certain regions, and ruptures in the stable supply of energy resources, NATO will have to define its role as a global security actor if it wishes to avoid becoming a mere service provider of security." (author's abstract)
Report of the Texas State Auditor's Office related to determining whether recommendations made in the previous management control audit at the Board of Private Investigators and Private Security Agencies were fully implemented, partially implemented, or not implemented.
"Das Arbeitspapier untersucht Ziele und Rahmenbedingungen der jüngsten beschäftigungs- und arbeitsmarktpolitischen Reformen in Deutschland, die auf eine weit reichende Umstrukturierung der Rahmenbedingungen, des Förderinstrumentariums und auch der Förderintentionen ziel(t)en ('Agenda 2010', 'Hartz-Gesetze'). Es zeigt sich, dass die Vernachlässigung von Wirkungszusammenhängen Reformziele gefährden oder gar dysfunktionale Wirkungen haben kann. Dies wird exemplarisch an den Themen 'Arbeitslosigkeit', 'Arbeitslosigkeit und Übergang in Rente' sowie 'Arbeitslosen- und Sozialhilfe' ausgeführt. Die Betrachtungen schließen mit einem Plädoyer dafür, die ökonomischen, finanziellen, sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhänge in den (arbeitsmarkt-)politischen Debatten wie im gesetzgeberischen Reformprozess nicht zu vernachlässigen." (Autorenreferat)
