Suchergebnisse

Peace and Security Council Fourth Session 6 April 2004 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ; Conseil De Paix Et De Securite Quatrième session 6 avril 2004 Addis Abéba (Ethiopie) ; السلام والأمن التابع الدورة الرابعة 6 أبريل 2004 أديس أبابا، إثيوبيا ; Paz e Segurança sessão do Conselho Quarta 6 de abril de 2004 Adis Abeba, Etiópia

This article aims to analyze the options & opportunities available to environmental governance, starting from a definition of the global environmental crisis. The article provides a detailed analysis of the three clusters under which the international relations theory has investigated the collective management of this environmental crisis as well as the effectiveness of current institutional answers. Finally, the article reexamines matters pertaining to trade & environment & to environmental security. Tables, Figures. Adapted from the source document.

In this essay we look at the question from Waltz's point of view of the very topical issue of nuclear proliferation. Since the early 1980s until his recent death Waltz kept an active interest and a very specific position on this matter. He denied there was such a thing as nuclear proliferation and, moreover, refused that, in light of structural realism the spread of nuclear weapons, even to a theocracy like Iran, would be a problem. This paper will explain why and around this theme we will draw the intellectual profile of Waltz as a realist that values the role of the State in international security, but was often critical of the security policies of his own state, the United States. Adapted from the source document.

The Middle East's security complex is presently witnessing an era of unprecedented change and uncertainty, in particular due to arrival of new external actors such as China and India. This article forwards seven distinct dimensions that shape India's foreign policy towards the region, and assesses India's potential constructive role in fostering regional stability during the on-going transition process. It is argued that, contrasting with China's relative disinterest, New Delhi is not only available, but also interested in producing consensuses and shape a new regional security structure in partnership with NATO's transatlantic priorities. Adapted from the source document.

The last three years have been marked by a noticeable return of the Russian Federation in the global arena. This phenomenon has been informed by the emergence of serious disputes, impacting on international security. Moscow has been opposing the state-of-play defined by Western actors, namely by NATO. We assess the Russian power & its capacity to shape outcomes in its own most favorable terms. We conclude that several paradoxes inform this evaluation & that the European Union offers the best prospects to engage positively with the new Russia. Adapted from the source document.

German unification in 1990 occurred at enormous diplomatic speed, through a negotiated settlement which paved the way for the future post-Cold War security order in Europe. The precondition for unification was the reinforcement of the Euro-Atlantic institutional continuity, embedding unified Germany in NATO & EU structures while strengthening Germany's special relationships with the United States & France. Amidst such a context for change the Kohl government expediently opted for unification within given institutional structures & the continuity of German foreign policy. Adapted from the source document.

Russia-China relations have been marked by areas of cooperation built on shared approaches in fundamental foreign policy topics, as well as by some elements of continuity in projects of national consolidation. However, this has not been a relationship without constraints, especially regarding incompatible goals. This article analyses the relations between Russia and China in an internationally changed framework, where the Asia-Pacific region has been gaining growing relevance. Political, economic and security relations are object of analysis, with the aim of understanding the main issues in the agenda and the dynamics that these have generated regarding the bilateral relationship, which is increasingly understood as asymmetrical. Adapted from the source document.

This article treats about the role that the United Nations has played in two different moments: before & after the end of Cold War. The author also analyses how peacekeeping operations developed by this international organization have worked in the conflicts that took place in the African continent. Appendixes. Adapted from the source document.

In an election year both in Russia & the United States, this article tries to assess the impact of the nearly simultaneous mandates of George W. Bush & Vladimir Putin on the relationship between those two countries. Its main conclusions point to a different 'intensity' in the way they pursued their goals & implemented their policies; to the basic similarity in the means employed by Washington & Moscow in their foreign & national security policies, & to the persistence of the same topics in the Russian-American agenda in these last eight years (the governance model, strategic & security options, energy issues). Adapted from the source document.

The permanent representative of Portugal to the UN discusses experience with regard to the effectiveness of sanctions imposed by the UN, gained by Portugal as a member of the UN Security Council and head of the Sanctions Committee against Iraq in 1997-99. Summaries in English and French p. 250 and 252.