Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to explain the liberal and realist discourses that underpinned the Canadian International Security Policy (CISP) during the post-Cold War. In particular, it offers evidence to show that Canadian governments inevitably debate between cosmopolitan values and strategic interests in formulating their respective policies of international security. After considering how liberal and realist orientations of this policy have been studied in the literature on CISP, it explains the specific liberal and realist discourses that have shaped international security policies of the governments of Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) and Stephen Harper (2006 -). As a final consideration, it intends to elucidate the progressive way in which the various Canadian governments have been adopting the United States' cosmopolitan values and interests regarding international security. ; El propósito del artículo consiste en explicar los discursos liberales y realistas que han sustentado la Política de Seguridad Internacional de Canadá (PSIC) durante la posguerra fría. En especial, se ofrecen evidencias orientadas a demostrar que los gobiernos canadienses se debaten inevitablemente entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos, al formular sus respectivas políticas de seguridad internacional. Luego de considerar, en el seno de la literatura sobre la PSIC, cómo se han estudiado las orientaciones liberales y realistas de esta política, se explican los discursos liberales y realistas específicos que han configurado las políticas de seguridad internacional de los gobiernos de Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) y Stephen Harper (2006). Como una consideración final, se pretende dilucidar el modo progresivo en el que los distintos gobiernos canadienses han venido adoptando los intereses y valores cosmopolitas de Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad internacional.

Complejo regional de seguridad (CRS) y comunidad de seguridad (CS) : algunas consideraciones teóricas / Florent Frasson-Quenoz y Rafael Enrique Piñeros Ayala -- La Unión Europea : ¿más allá de una comunidad de seguridad? / Miguel Martínez González -- África, ¿una comunidad alienada? / Florent Frasson-Quenoz -- ¿Es Unasur la institucionalización de un complejo o de una comunidad de seguridad suramericana? / Javier Leonardo Garay Vargas -- América del Norte : ¿coherencia securitaria sin cohesión identitaria? / Florent Frasson-Quenoz y Rafael Enrique Piñeros Ayala

The article reveals the problematic issues for ensuring financial security in the context of globalization in global financial systems. The modern stage of development of state financial systems is characterized by difficulties in ensuring national financial security. Despite the urgency of this problem, the international community is focusing on ensuring economic security during the formation of universal and regional legal instruments, leaving out of sight issues of legal and practice-oriented guidance in financial security. The article examines the main directions of implementation of state policy aimed at improving the effectiveness of legal and national and international means to ensure financial security in the context of the globalization of growing threats to economic security. The focus is on the modernization of legal instruments to regulate public relations related to financial security. Particular attention was paid to the correlation of international legal bases, national legislation, and regional laws. It is concluded that the development of state financial policy that guarantees the security of the budgetary system is fundamental.

The need for qualitative changes in the field of national security also requires the transformation of international institutions responsible for the protection of human rights and freedoms. Therefore, the aim of the article was to identify the role of international institutions in the protection of human rights and freedoms in the field of national security. The main methodological tools were the observational method and the comparative legal method. There is currently a dynamic increase in the number of international treaties ratified in the field of human rights. International institutions are making many efforts to achieve the highest level of efficiency of adequate protection mechanisms. The authorization of an illegal war exposes states to prosecution in international courts. Everything leads to the conclusion that the competence capacity of institutions seems to be limited in the face of increasing violations of human rights in many regions of the world, which leads to the need to reform international legal instruments and relevant procedures for the protection of human rights and freedoms in the field of national security.

Local economic and social development and city-to-city cooperation are gaining international visibility. This handbook address three main questions: What are the challenges related to the world of work that cities and their citizens are currently facing? How can cities, local governments and their partners learn from each other's good practices within a South-South cooperation framework? How can they address the challenges of the world of work together with government and the social partners?

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo tratar la cuestión de la protección marítima y su influencia en los buques de bandera española, sobre los buques que responden a intereses nacionales y por extensión en los marinos mercantes de nuestro país que navegan bajo otras banderas. En primer lugar, se identifican las áreas conflictivas para el tráfico marítimo internacional como son el Mediterráneo, Golfo de Guinea y áreas colindantes, Golfo de Adén y Océano Índico, Estrecho de Malaca y por extensión el Sudeste asiático, y finalmente el continente latinoamericano. Seguidamente, se focaliza en determinar los riesgos de protección marítima existentes en estos mares y como pueden afectar a nuestros profesionales de la Mar, siendo los más comunes: la piratería, el terrorismo marítimo, el polizonaje, la inmigración irregular y el tráfico de drogas u otros más contemporáneos como el ciberdelito en el ámbito marítimo. Así mismo, se nombran los medios de que disponen las administraciones públicas del Reino de España, de la Unión Europea y a nivel internacional así como a nivel privado, para combatir estas amenazas a la protección marítima, para posteriormente citar la legislación por la cual se regula el funcionamiento y el ejercicio de tales administraciones y organismos privados. Finalmente, con el objetivo de obtenerse una visión de primera mano, se realiza un trabajo de campo, consistente en plantear una serie de cuestiones a diferentes profesionales marítimos de nuestro país que han navegado por dichas áreas. El trabajo genera varias conclusiones, entre las que destaca que los actos hacia la protección de los buques, sus tripulaciones y sus cargamentos se producen en zonas costeras, fondeaderos y puertos. ; Abstract: The present study aims to address the issue of maritime protection and its influence on Spanish flag vessels, on ships that respond to national interests and by extension on merchant seamen from our country who sail under other flags. First, the conflictive areas for international maritime traffic are identified, such as the Mediterranean, Gulf of Guinea and adjoining areas, Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean, Strait of Malacca and by extension Southeast Asia, and finally the Latin American continent. Following, it focuses on determining the existing maritime security risks in these seas and how they can affect our maritime professionals, being the most common: piracy, maritime terrorism, stowaway, irregular immigration and drug trafficking or other more contemporary, such as cybercrime in the maritime domain. Likewise, it is mentioned what kind of means are available to the public administrations of the Kingdom of Spain, the European Union and internationally as well as at private level, to combat these threats to maritime security, to subsequently quote the legislation by which the functioning and exercise of such administrations and private organisations is regulated. Finally, with the aim of obtaining a first-hand view, a fieldwork is carried out, consisting of posing a series of questions to different maritime professionals of our country who have navigated those areas. The master thesis generates several conclusions, among which it emphasizes that the acts towards the security of ships, their crews and their shipments are produced in coastal zones, anchorages and ports. ; Máster en Ingeniería Náutica y Gestión Marítima

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations was established as a multilateral organization to solve common problems within a vision of international integration for the region. So, what is the reason that allow these countries to overcome differences in a markedly different group of states and conceive a common regional identity, reflected in an organization such as ASEAN? The answer to this question lies in the Constructivist paradigm of international relations and has to do with the following hypothesis: despite their marked political, cultural and economic differences, the ASEAN members that built a common identity is due to one pragmatic reason. Fostering interaction through a Security Community allows its member states to address threats coming from the international community, ensuring their survival in a complex regional and international context.

Este artículo presenta los rasgos principales de la estrategia internacional universal de seguridad humana en casos de desastres naturales liderada por la ONU. La estrategia se basa en dos grandes funciones: la prevención y preparación ante desastres naturales y la movilización y coordinación de la asistencia humanitaria a las víctimas, incluida la de los propios órganos operacionales de la ONU. Del desarrollo de ambas funciones se encargan diversos órganos operacionales (UNISDIR, PNUD, OCHA…). Con respecto a ambas finalidades se han adoptado directrices políticas y normativas por la Asamblea General. Destaca en este sentido el interés actual de la CDI, quien trabaja en un proyecto de artículos sobre la protección de personas en casos de desastres. ; This article analyses the principal features of the United Nation's international strategy on human security in times of natural disasters. This strategy focuses on two main principles: prevention and preparedness for natural disasters, as well as the mobilization and coordination of humanitarian assistance for the victims, including assistance provided by UN agencies. Several agencies are in charge of these functions (UNISDIR, UNDP, OCHA…). The General Assembly has adopted political and normative guidelines to uphold both of these principles. This sheds light on the ILC's current work, a project to draft articles on the protection of persons in the event of disasters.