Suchergebnisse

Pitanje prava drzava na samoodbranu je jedno od fundamentalnih pitanja medjunarodnog javnog prava. Ovo nacelo koji postoji koliko i samo medjunarodno pravo, formulisano je na univerzalan nacin sredinom proslog vijeka, i postoje mnogi pisani radovi o njegovoj izradi i tumacenju. Pozivanje na samoodbranu kroz cijelu istoriju je koristeno kao opravdanje za zloupotrebu sile od strane drzava van svojih teritorija. ; Question of right of states to self-defense is one of the fundamental questions of public international law. This principle, which exists just as long as public international law does, was formulated in universal manner by the mid 20th century and there are many written works on its formulation and interpretation. Invoking self-defense during the course of history was used as a pretext for the use of force by the states outside of its territories. Right of states to self-defense originates from customary international law. During antic and medieval times, principle of self-defense was linked to the theory of just war which was differently interpreted in different times. In the period between two world wars, still there was no absolute prohibition of the use of force in international relations so the principle of self-defense was linked to the right of self-help through use of different forcible measures: retorsions, reprisals, naval blockade, intervention and demonstration of naval power. Contrary to the period of League of Nations, mechanism of implementation of international law was centralized by the foundation of the United Nations because a single body – Security Council – was entrusted with the authority to determine when the use of force is allowed in international law. Article 51 of the United Nations Charter defines that the states have a right to individual or collective self-defense in case of armed attack on the UN member state. This right is considered legitimate until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.

This thesis is the result of an ethnographic study conducted between 2011 and 2012, primarily through participant observation, on certain defense practices that have emerged in recent years in Egypt and contributed to a "revolutionary" security market. Self-defense classes (difā'a 'an al-nafs), the popularity of which has continued to grow since 2011 in socially affluent districts of Cairo, are at the heart of this research. The dissertation conceives of self-defense trainings as not only revealing but also producing "revolutionary" physical and technical repertoires in which the emotional, gendered, social and moral dimensions of the period's political upheavals are embodied. Women – but sometimes also men – come to the self-defense classes to acquire combat skills such as throwing kicks and punches, learning to face aggressors using specific objects and bodily techniques. The notion of "play" is used as a theoretical tool for drawing together and analyzing the different levels of meaning of the paradoxical experiences observed in these classes. The ethnography allows for a better understanding of the evolution of urban sociability, the transformation of representations and uses of violence, and the reconfiguration of gender and class relations in contemporary Egyptian society. By making visible the technical dimension of how individuals deal with power and the socially and sexually situated modalities by which categories such as "legitimacy" and "illegitimacy" are produced with respect to violence, self-defense constitutes a valuable vantage point from which to contribute to an anthropology of the Egyptian revolution. ; Depuis 2011, la révolution égyptienne et ses contrecoups ont suscité au Caire l'émergence d'un véritable marché de la sécurité. Cette thèse est le fruit d'une enquête ethnographique, menée en observation participante, relative à différentes pratiques de défense ayant émergé dans ce cadre. Les cours de self-défense (difā'a 'an al-nafs), dont le succès ne cesse de se confirmer dans les quartiers ...

This thesis is the result of an ethnographic study conducted between 2011 and 2012, primarily through participant observation, on certain defense practices that have emerged in recent years in Egypt and contributed to a "revolutionary" security market. Self-defense classes (difā'a 'an al-nafs), the popularity of which has continued to grow since 2011 in socially affluent districts of Cairo, are at the heart of this research. The dissertation conceives of self-defense trainings as not only revealing but also producing "revolutionary" physical and technical repertoires in which the emotional, gendered, social and moral dimensions of the period's political upheavals are embodied. Women – but sometimes also men – come to the self-defense classes to acquire combat skills such as throwing kicks and punches, learning to face aggressors using specific objects and bodily techniques. The notion of "play" is used as a theoretical tool for drawing together and analyzing the different levels of meaning of the paradoxical experiences observed in these classes. The ethnography allows for a better understanding of the evolution of urban sociability, the transformation of representations and uses of violence, and the reconfiguration of gender and class relations in contemporary Egyptian society. By making visible the technical dimension of how individuals deal with power and the socially and sexually situated modalities by which categories such as "legitimacy" and "illegitimacy" are produced with respect to violence, self-defense constitutes a valuable vantage point from which to contribute to an anthropology of the Egyptian revolution. ; Depuis 2011, la révolution égyptienne et ses contrecoups ont suscité au Caire l'émergence d'un véritable marché de la sécurité. Cette thèse est le fruit d'une enquête ethnographique, menée en observation participante, relative à différentes pratiques de défense ayant émergé dans ce cadre. Les cours de self-défense (difā'a 'an al-nafs), dont le succès ne cesse de se confirmer dans les quartiers ...

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