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Cyber has been around for over a decade and yet we are still faces with a situation of a very weak or rather no regulation. This is being heavily influenced by our weak technological development and due to the nature of cyberspace and the Internet. Cyber warfare poses interesting questions for us. It is one of a kind type of warfare, the one we cannot see or feel, but it's impacts are instantaneous and potentially devastating. States and scholars agree on that. This thesis attempts to explore possibilities of application of existing international laws to amend this situation and answer the questions if it is adequate or at all possible. While scholars are still arguing about the basics of what cyber warfare and cyberspace actually is, it keeps on evolving. States on the other hand have recognized the potential threat of cyber warfare a long time ago and are attempting to mend the existing legal void, however not successfully. The effects of their efforts are limited only to a small number of States. States who are not willing to give up their cyber capability would also stay clear from such international legislation. International treaties and State practice were analyzed in search of a way to accommodate cyber warfare under the current regime. The findings show that application of existing legal basis to cyber warfare is at best difficult and strained. The reality is that cyber warfare does not fit adequately under any of the legal umbrellas at the moment. Application of existing laws generates even more drawbacks than it in the end covers. There is potential for future development however. States are inclined to negotiate and, even as we speak, are attempting at creation of a cyber warfare regulating treaty. The thesis concludes that current international law is not adequate in order to be applicable to cyber warfare and even in areas where it can afford minimal protection, potential for abuse exists. The criteria and standards which were appropriate to conventional warfare and armed conflict are outdated. At least a global understanding on the terms used to define cyber warfare and related terms would be a good starting point. A universally accepted convention would be the perfect solution.

Cyber has been around for over a decade and yet we are still faces with a situation of a very weak or rather no regulation. This is being heavily influenced by our weak technological development and due to the nature of cyberspace and the Internet. Cyber warfare poses interesting questions for us. It is one of a kind type of warfare, the one we cannot see or feel, but it's impacts are instantaneous and potentially devastating. States and scholars agree on that. This thesis attempts to explore possibilities of application of existing international laws to amend this situation and answer the questions if it is adequate or at all possible. While scholars are still arguing about the basics of what cyber warfare and cyberspace actually is, it keeps on evolving. States on the other hand have recognized the potential threat of cyber warfare a long time ago and are attempting to mend the existing legal void, however not successfully. The effects of their efforts are limited only to a small number of States. States who are not willing to give up their cyber capability would also stay clear from such international legislation. International treaties and State practice were analyzed in search of a way to accommodate cyber warfare under the current regime. The findings show that application of existing legal basis to cyber warfare is at best difficult and strained. The reality is that cyber warfare does not fit adequately under any of the legal umbrellas at the moment. Application of existing laws generates even more drawbacks than it in the end covers. There is potential for future development however. States are inclined to negotiate and, even as we speak, are attempting at creation of a cyber warfare regulating treaty. The thesis concludes that current international law is not adequate in order to be applicable to cyber warfare and even in areas where it can afford minimal protection, potential for abuse exists. The criteria and standards which were appropriate to conventional warfare and armed conflict are outdated. At least a global understanding on the terms used to define cyber warfare and related terms would be a good starting point. A universally accepted convention would be the perfect solution.

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/ripp/article/view/1861 ; Es reseña de: Democracy and International Law. The Library of Essays in International law Richard Burchill (coord.) Ashgate Publishing Company, 2006 ; Universidad Pablo de Olavide

Due to the development of the information society, countries face the task of effectively regulating the relevant social relations. The mechanisms of such regulation should correspond to the specifics of such relations. Digitization is one of the modern methods of legal regulation, which is the use of information technology at the state level. The existing scientific achievements on digitalization processes need constant improvement, which corresponds to the specifics of this field. The object of research is digitalization in law in the light of international experience. The article aims to study and analyze digitalization in law in the international legal aspect. The following methods were used during the study: systemic, systemic-functional, comparative, sociological, analysis, synthesis, analogy, observation, classification, and statistical analysis. The article analyzes the phenomenon of digitalization, identifies the main approaches to understanding it. On the example of international experience (such countries as France, Germany, Italy, Georgia, Greece, and Great Britain), the mechanisms of using digitalization in public administration are determined, the legal regulation of informatization is analyzed. Also, based on the study and analysis of doctrinal teachings of international information experience, it is proposed to improve the domestic legal mechanism to ensure the effective functioning of public relations.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.

Dissertation analyses the institution of professional self-government in Lithuanian public law. In Lithuanian legal system self-government organizations should be considered as the expression of civil society, where the state power is decentralized to a certain extent and the right to deal with a number of important issues is granted to citizens. Professional self-government organizations are among the most interesting forms of self- government, which, however, has been the least studied in the Lithuanian legal doctrine. Therefore, they do not have clearly defined (or reconstructed) legal traditions. Professional self-government organizations face new challenges, such as constant change in regulation of their activities, imposed obligations to respect the principle of responsible governance and to ensure freedom of fair competition, and initiatives to restrict and even abolish their right to self-government. The research covers the following aspects: relationship of professional self-government with other forms of self-government, constitutional status of professional self- government, properties defining professional self-government, bodies implementing professional self- government, organizational structure of professional self-government, functions exercised by professional self-government and its financing, the relationship between professional self-government and state institutions, as well as the elements specific to the legal status of professional self-government.