Suchergebnisse

This paper documents egocentric biases in market-entry decisions. We demonstrate self-focused explanations for entry decisions made by three groups of participants: actual entrepreneurs (founders), working professionals who considered starting their own firms but did not (nonfounders), and participants in a market-entry experiment. Potential entrants based their decision to enter primarily on evaluations of their own competence (or incompetence) and paid relatively little attention to the strength of the competition. Our results suggest that excess entrepreneurial entry is more complicated than simple overconfidence, and can help explain notable patterns in entrepreneurial entry.

This experiment examined the effects of public self-focus on individuals' behavioral self-handicapping tendencies. When faced with a threatening evaluation, a person may choose to self-handicap behaviorally. Men, more than women, and trait self-handicappers have been shown to self-handicap behaviorally. How do situational factors such as self-focus interface with these personal characteristics to affect such actions? Self-focus of attention was expected to make the self-evaluation implications of an upcoming performance more salient and to cause the self-focused performer to self-handicap behaviorally. Persons who were low or high in habitual self-handicapping were presented with an important intellectual evaluation and were allowed to practice for the upcoming test. Results showed that men self-handicap more by practicing less when they are self-focused, but women do not self-handicap under selffocus and self-handicapping instruction conditions. The implications of these findings for understanding the antecedent conditions of self-handicapping are discussed in the context of other recent work.

"As we shall see, research on narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy (i.e., the dark triad) and fragile self-esteem suggest that a me-first life orientation does not spread content widely throughout one's social network. Perhaps it is time to look to some new direction. That might be recapturing the classic virtue of humility and then practicing it with heroism even to self-sacrifice. But humility is not easy to develop or practice in an individualistic culture. It requires courage and moments of extraordinary heroism superimposed over a life of heroic self-sacrifice for the good of others. To help others, leadership is necessary. We thus combine humility, heroism, and leadership in this book. We hope you will be enriched, enlightened, and encouraged in your study of humility as you read these pages."--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Previous researchers have pointed out that different negative affects with the same degree of negative valence may have distinct, yet predictable, influences on information processing. Based upon the perspective of "affect-as-information" and the mood repair hypothesis,
we examined differences in individuals' perspective taking arising when they felt either guilt or shame. Undergraduates (N = 114) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 affect-inducing conditions. After receiving affect manipulation, they were asked to engage in a perspective-taking task
and to make judgments about how other people thought. Compared with participants in a neutral mood, participants experiencing guilt showed better perspective taking, and participants experiencing shame showed worse perspective taking. In general, the results suggest that an individual's inclination
to take other persons' perspectives into consideration has a differential effect on mood repair depending on whether behavior is motivated by shame or guilt.