Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to topical issues of motivation of local government officials. The study of motivation is carried out in the context of reflecting the processes that have taken in the field as a result of decentralization reform. They are associated with a change in approaches to governance, the shift of the traditional vector of relations with public authorities, awareness of the independent role of local self-government, expanding the range of powers aimed at community development. The study analyzes the main trends and challenges in increasing the motivation of officials, encouraging them to effectively perform their duties. Motivation is seen as the process of involving staff in activities to achieve the goals of the organization (in this case – village, town, city councils, their executive bodies). It determines the intensification of professional activity of officials, stimulates the implementation of tasks. It is noted that modern heads of local governments do not pay due attention to issues of motivation, encouragement of employees, identifying their needs. Practical examples of evaluation by both managers and subordinates of their motivation to work are given. Motivational factors of officials, including material, spiritual, social, industrial and household, etc. are analyzed. The connection of motivation with human needs and actions is investigated. It is emphasized that the needs of higher levels do not motivate the official until the needs of the lower level are at least partially met. The analysis of the Ukrainian legislation and normative-legal acts of local self-government bodies concerning the regulation of the sphere of motivation and incentives of officials is given. The directions and means which can be applied in modern conditions for increase of motivation of local government officials are shown.

The article focuses on the consideration of ontological aspects of harmonious individual and social being and their realization in the space of the individual existential nature. Internal conflict, the individual confrontation, unfolds mainly in the field of ethical knowledge around the concepts of the «good and evil». Both metaphysical principles of «good» and «evil» reproduce the binary opposition of «being / nothingness», «creation / destruction», «conflict / harmony». In the space of human existence, the internal conflict, arises to the problem of misunderstanding between good and evil. Therefore, the internal solution of the conflict and the overcoming of the internal evil presupposes the existence of good as an absolute ethical universality, which is revealed to man only in the process of self-knowledge. It is revealed, that unlike to the cognition of environment, the principles of self-cognition are metaphysical. These principles open themselves in the knowledge of heart, which is able to penetrate into the very essence of human existence and to reveal its uniqueness. In other words, knowing oneself does not imply the knowledge accumulation that provides the possession of knowledge and their usage for own purposes. In the format of self knowledge, «knowing» good means «being» its bearer, letting it in and bringing it into the world. Therefore, in the process of self-knowledge, the meanings are acquired only by knowing the good ethics, and understanding the difference between good and evil. However, even these ethical principles gain value only when they are transformed from the sphere of theory into practice, that is, the human experience of life is its virtues. Thus, to know oneself means to know in oneself that creative potential, a gift that makes a person unique and valuable. Therefore, through knowing and overcoming the negativity (flaws, sins, desires, illusions), one can come to yourself as real and sincere. On the path from evil to good man discovers knowledge of himself, the only center of which is his heart. It is it that teaches us to accept our neighbor, to treat ourselves from the standpoint of help, support, non-competition, envy, aggression. Thus, the potential of the cognitive capacity of the heart to convert evil into good is the most optimal. Because it involves elements of higher, sacral spheres in the knowledge structure. This is the difference between cardiac and rational cognition, work-related brain apparatus, characterized primarily by the processing of information transmitted by external senses. It is a perspective of research that is revealed in contemporary philosophical discourse as the knowledge of the heart that overcomes the boundaries of self-dictates.

As a member of the Council of Europe since 1995, Ukraine has committed itself to respecting European standards, in particular in the field of local and regional democracy, the provisions of the European Charter of Local Self-Government ratified in 1997 and its Additional Protocol on the Right to Participate in Local Government , ratified in 2014. The program "Decentralization and Reform of Local Self-Government in Ukraine" is implemented within the framework of the Council of Europe Action Plan for Ukraine for 2018-2021. The overall goal of the Program is to implement decentralization reform in Ukraine and to form a sustainable system of local self-government. The history of a decentralized state is a history of contradictions related to the search for the best form of organization of state power. Further democratization of society, decentralization of power on the basis of subsidiarity are currently priorities among reforms in Ukraine. As new trends in state-building of our country, the formation of civil society institutions, the optimization of the system of public administration determine the new conditions for the implementation of decentralization, while maintaining the ideas of the rule of law. Modernization of public power should take place in the direction of creating a customer-oriented system of public administration, which will be an integral part of the mechanism of socio-political protection of the population, a factor in increasing its social and political activity. The traditionally established view of decentralization as a process in which independent units are formed within the centralized state, which are the bearers of local self-government (community), requires the development of new approaches to the analysis of its content. The article reveals the content of decentralization of local self-government bodies, the need to transfer to local communities functions that cannot be solved by central authorities. The authors analyze the example of Poland on the path of decentralization reforms. ; Україна як член Ради Європи з 1995 року взяла на себе зобов'язання поважати Європейські стандарти, зокрема, у сфері місцевої і регіональної демократії, положення Європейської хартії місцевого самоврядування, ратифікованої у 1997 році, і її Додаткового протоколу про право участі у справах органу місцевого самоврядування, ратифікованого у 2014 році. Програма «Децентралізація і реформа місцевого самоврядування в Україні» впроваджується у рамках Плану дій Ради Європи для України на 2018-2021 роки. Загальною метою Програми є реалізація децентралізаційної реформи в Україні та формування сталої системи місцевого самоврядування. Історія децентралізованої держави є історією суперечностей, пов'язаних із пошуком найкращої форми організації державної влади. Подальша демократизація суспільства, децентралізація владних повноважень на засадах субсидіарності є на сьогодні пріоритетами серед реформ в Україні. Оскільки нові тенденції у державному будівництві нашої країни, становлення інститутів громадянського суспільства, оптимізація системи публічного управління обумовлюють нові умови реалізації децентралізації за умови збереження ідей правової держави. Модернізація публічної влади повинна відбуватися у напрямі створення клієнтоорієнтованої системи публічного управління, яка буде невід'ємним елементом механізму соціальнополітичного захисту населення, фактором підвищення його соціальної і політичної активності. Традиційно усталений погляд на децентралізацію як на процес, за якого в рамках централізованої держави утворюються самостійні одиниці, що є носіями місцевого самоврядування (громади), потребує вироблення нових підходів до аналізу його змісту. У статті розкривається зміст децентралізації органів місцевого самоврядування, необхідність передачі місцевим громадам функцій, які не можуть вирішуватися центральними органами влади. Авторами проаналізовано приклад Польщі на шляху проведення реформ з децентралізації.

According to the aim (to identify the features of the connection of fears, phobias, anxiety with self-esteem of adolescence), an empirical study was conducted, in which the respondents were representatives of school and student youth, namely 120 people: 60 students of 10-11 grades (15-17 years) of Vyshhorod comprehensive school No2 and No3. This sample was chosen not by chance. After all, it is in adolescence is the active development and formation of all components of self-awareness, including self-esteem. According to the age periodization of M. Savchyn and L. Vasylenko, adolescence is divided into two groups: representatives of early youth (15-18 years) and late youth (18-23 years) or senior school and student age.

The presented study covers only certain aspects of such a complex phenomenon as self-assessment. As its subject was the socio- psychological features of self-attitude of adolescents and young people, other social and age categories, as well as socio-psychological factors influencing the features of self-attitude, in particular: financial status, degree of self-realization and more.

The study of this problem requires further comprehensive research, because adequate positive self-attitude is the most optimal for the formation and development of personality, determines the achievement of its inner harmony.

In our further study of self-assessment, a promising direction, in our opinion, is to clarify the features of this phenomenon in other age groups. Consideration of the influence of gender on the peculiarities of self-assessment, in this perspective, will be useful in both theoretical and practical aspects.

After the proclamation of Ukraine's independence in 1991, local self-government in Ukraine is not regulatedseparately for such administrative-territorial units as cities (exceptions are cities with a special status). Most authorsonly state this fact, but do not make constructive suggestions aimed at improving the situation.The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the modern laws of Ukraine, which implemented the legalregulation of local self-government in the cities of Ukraine.The study of the laws of Ukraine regulating local self-government gave grounds to note that the peculiarities of localself-government in cities are fragmented in the Law "On Local Self-Government in Ukraine", Electoral Code and arecompletely absent in such important laws-sources of municipal law as Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities", "On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils". Regarding the latest act, the following directionsof amendments aimed at differentiating the status of deputies of local councils of rural and urban settlements areproposed: differences in the rights and responsibilities of deputies of local councils and taking into account differentquantitative composition of local councils (depending on the number of members); accordingly – more or less complexinternal structure of local councils, their executive bodies.It is noted that with the adoption on February 5, 2015 of the Law "On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities" at the present stage of municipal reform began to follow the trend of refusing to unify local governmentin urban and rural areas (in connection with the introduction of the institute of elders). Proposals for amendments toArt. 7 of this Law "Preparation of decisions on voluntary association of territorial communities" and on supplementingArt. 8 "Formation of a united territorial community" paragraph 1-1 in the proposed wording. ; Після проголошення незалежності України в 1991 р. місцеве самоврядування в Україні саме для таких адмі-ністративно-територіальних одиниць, як міста, не регламентується окремо (виключеннями є міста з особливимстатусом). Більшість авторів тільки констатує цей факт, але не висуває конструктивних пропозицій, спрямова-них на покращення ситуації.Метою статті є розглянути й проаналізувати сучасні закони України, в яких здійснено нормативно-правовурегламентацію місцевого самоврядування в містах України.Дослідження законів України, що регламентують місцеве самоврядування, надало підстави зазначити, щоособливості місцевого самоврядування в містах фрагментарно закріплені в Законі «Про місцеве самоврядуван-ня в Україні», Виборчому кодексі й повністю відсутні в таких важливих законах-джерелах муніципального пра-ва, як Закон «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад», «Про статус депутатів місцевих рад». Щодоостаннього акту, запропоновано такі напрями внесення змін, спрямованих на диференціацію статусу депутатівмісцевих рад сільських і міських населених пунктів: наявність відмінностей у правах та обов'язках депутатівмісцевих рад і врахування різного кількісного складу місцевих рад (залежить від кількості членів територіальнихгромад) і, відповідно, більш або менш складної внутрішньої структури місцевих рад, їхніх виконавчих органів.Зазначено, що з прийняттям 5 лютого 2015 р. Закону «Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад»на сучасному етапі муніципальної реформи почала простежуватись тенденція щодо відмови від уніфікації місце-вого самоврядування в міських і сільських населених пунктах (у зв'язку з введенням інституту старост). Сфор-мульовано пропозиції щодо внесення змін і доповнень до ст. 7 Закону «Підготовка рішень щодо добровільногооб'єднання територіальних громад» і щодо доповнення ст. 8 «Утворення об'єднаної територіальної громади»пунктом 1-1 у запропонованій редакції.

It is investigational as in a modern cultural situation a self-education gives an opportunity to social independence and independence of personality. It is marked that the mod- ern system of education is oriented to activity of personality, on independence in the choice of subjects and time of mastering of information. It is shown as a democratic type of or- ganization of self-education deprives personality of dependence and allows to go out her on the new level of spiritual freedom in realization of creative potential.

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the essence of the resource potential of local self-government. It has been established that the potential of local self-government is formed by three main factors-signs: a system of measures of state regulation of the development of local self-government; local self-government development policy and strategy; a set of resource potential and the processes of its use by local government. It has been proven that the resource potential of local self-government is the main factor providing opportunities for the development of local self-government. It has been determined that the resources of local self-government can be divided into internal and external in relation to the functioning socio-economic system. In the case of external resources, they can be divided into attached to local government, as well as search resources. The carried out theoretical analysis showed that the main resources of local self-government can be considered: financial resources (budgetary and extra-budgetary funds); property resources; land resources; legal resource (normative legal acts, organizational and administrative documents, regulating regulations, etc.) organizational resources (characteristic flexibility of the management system, speed of managerial impact, organizational forms of planning, assessment, control); human resources (professional, qualification, demographic composition of employees, adaptive and innovative abilities of personnel); technological resources (production and technical infrastructure: structures, communications, networks, boiler houses, pipelines, etc.); information resources (nature, volume, reliability of available information, the possibility of its expansion and transformation) technical resources (equipment, vehicles, computers, etc.). At the same time, the basis for the management of local self-government resources should be based on a clear policy of the local self-government body for resource provision, resource use and resource efficiency, based on modern scientific approaches, taking into account resource opportunities; based on certain basic principles of balance; efficiency, synergy, economy, optimization, complementarity, frugality.Key words: resources, resource potential, local government. ; У статті проведено теоретичний аналіз сутності ресурсного потенціалу місцевого самоврядування. Встановлено, потенціал місцевого самоврядування формується трьома основними факторами-ознаками: системою заходів державного регулювання розвитку місцевого самоврядування; політикою і стратегією розвитку місцевого самоврядування; сукупністю ресурсного потенціалу і процесів його використання місцевим самоврядуванням. Доведено, що ресурсний потенціал місцевого самоврядування виступає основним чинником, що забезпечує можливості розвитку місцевого самоврядування. Визначено, що ресурси місцевого самоврядування можна поділити на внутрішні і зовнішні відносно до функціонуючої соціально-економічної системи. У разі зовнішніх ресурсів їх можна поділити на прикріплені до місцевого самоврядування, а також пошукові ресурси. Проведений теоретичний аналіз довів, що основними ресурсами місцевого самоврядування можна вважати: фінансові ресурси (бюджетні та позабюджетні кошти); майнові ресурси; земельні ресурси; правовий ресурс (нормативно-правові акти, організаційно-розпорядчі документи, що регламентують положення і ін.); організаційні ресурси (характерна гнучкість системи управління, швидкість управлінських впливі, організаційні форми планування, оцінки, контролю); кадрові ресурси (професійний, кваліфікаційний, демографічний склад працівників, адаптаційні та інноваційні здібності персоналу); технологічні ресурси (виробничо-технічну інфраструктуру: споруди, комунікації, мережі, котельні, трубопроводи тощо); інформаційні ресурси (характер, обсяги, достовірність існуючою інформацією, можливості її розширення і перетворення); технічні ресурси (устаткування, автотранспорт, комп'ютерна техніка та ін.). При цьому в основу управління ресурсами місцевого самоврядування має бути покладена чітка політика органу місцевого самоврядування щодо ресурсозабезпечення, ресурсовикористання і ресурсоефективності, що базуються на сучасних наукових підходах, враховуть ресурсні можливості; базується на певних засадничих принципах збалансованості; ефективності, синергізму, економічності, оптимізації, комплементарності, ощадливості. Ключові слова: ресурси, ресурсний потенціал, місцеве самоврядування.

The article is devoted to topical issues of development of project activity in local self-government bodies, amalgamated territorial communities, analysis of real practices and the current situation. The study analyzed the legal basis for attracting extra-budgetary funds for the development of local communities, the procedure for preparing project applications, interaction with donor organizations and partners, as well as challenges and opportunities in the field. In particular, attention is focused on such aspects as the selection of the competition, the presence of a team and the role of the project manager in preparing a quality project application, opportunities for cooperation with NGOs and cooperation of amalgamated territorial communities in preparing and implementing of joint projects. The analysis of the current situation, dynamics and the main trends in the development of project activities in local self-governments is carried out. The experience of cities and small rural communities is compared. Emphasis is placed on the prospects of development, potential areas of project activities in the amalgamated territorial communities. One of the main obstacles to successful project activities in local governments is the lack of human resources and lack of experienced professionals. Emphasis is placed on the need for continuous practical work and the assistance of external experts who can provide advice, help in improving the skills of project management specialists in communities. The motivational component, stimulation of local government employees to develop work in the direction should not be left out either.

The article contains an analysis of scientific ap-proaches to the study of the legal status of self-governing (self-regulatory) organizations. The author explores the features of the doctrine of administrative law. Particu-lar attention is devoted to the analysis of bills in the field under study. The purpose of the article was to determine the features of scientific approaches to studying the problems of the functioning of self-governing (self-regulatory) organizations in the science of administrative law. The author draws attention to the fact that the study of the legal status of self-governing organizations in modern legal science is just beginning. A generally accepted definition of the concept of these organizations and their classification has not yet been created. The article analyzes the studied concept in international and domestic practice. The author substantiates that the problem of determining and improving the legal status of self-governing (self-regulatory) organizations requires the adoption of a special legislative act. The author defines the concept of a self-governing organization as a public law institution created on the basis of a law that performs a number of socially significant functions related to the realization of public interests in a particular professional field. The author focuses on the differences between the concepts of a self-governing organization and a self-regulatory organization.The task of the science of administrative law should be first of all the justification of the ownership of relations arising in the field of activity of self-governing (self-regulatory) organizations in the subject of administrative law. The author substantiates that further scientific research should cover the definitions of the characteristics of self-governing organizations, their functions, forms of activity and features of guarantees of their functioning in the public authority system. The article ends with a definition of further prospects for addressing this issue. ; У статті міститься аналіз наукових підходів до дослідження правового статусу самоврядних (само-регулівних) організацій. Автор досліджує особливості доктрини адміністративного права. Особлива увага присвячена аналізу законопроєктів у досліджуваній сфері та зауваженням до них. Мета статті полягала в тому, щоб визначити особливості наукових підходів до вивчення проблематики функціонування самоврядних (саморегулівних) організацій у науці адміністративного права. Автор звертає увагу на те, що дослідження правового статусу самоврядних організацій у сучасній юридичній науці тільки починаються. Загальноприйняте визначення поняття цих організацій і їх класифікації ще не створено, що зумовлює необхідність здійснення активних наукових пошуків. У статті аналізується досліджувана концепція в міжнародній та вітчизняній практиці. Автор обґрунтовує, що проблема визначення і вдосконалення правового статусу самоврядних (саморегулівних) організацій вимагає прийняття спеціального законодавчого акта. Автор визначає поняття «самоврядна організація»: як інститут публічного права, створений на основі закону, який виконує низку соціально значущих функцій, пов'язаних з реалізацією громадських інтересів в тій чи іншій професійній сфері. У статті акцентується увага на відмінностях між поняттями «самоврядна організація» і «саморегулівна організація».Завданням науки адміністративного права має бути перш за все обґрунтування приналежності відносин, що виникають у сфері діяльності самоврядних (саморегулів-них) організацій, до суб'єкта адміністративного права. Автор обґрунтовує, що подальші наукові дослідження мають охоплювати визначення характеристик самоврядних організацій, їх функцій, форм діяльності і особливостей гарантій їх функціонування в системі публічної влади. Стаття закінчується визначенням подальших перспектив для розгляду цього питання.

In the article the authors explore the essence of the concept of self-plagiarism in scientific activity. Attention is focused on the definition of this concept, which is given in the Law of Ukraine "About Education". Analyzed the above definition, considered its main inconsistencies with existing legislation. The results of the research of the scientific community on the concept of self-plagiarism are given. ; У статті автори досліджують сутність поняття «самопла­гіат» у науковій діяльності. Акцентується увага на визначенні цього поняття у Законі України «Про освіту». Проаналізовано наведену де­фініцію, розглянуто її основні невідповідності існуючому законодав­ству. Представлено результати дослідження думки наукової спільноти (середовища) щодо поняття «самоплагіат».

The officer development model consists of three areas. They are: institutional training, operational tasks and self-development. Institutional training and operational tasks are implemented through a system of institutional training, professional self-development is a means of self-improvement and becoming a highly qualified specialist. Today, an officer is required to have experience and knowledge, the ability to act in complex, uncertain environments. Lifelong learning as a method of self-development is essential throughout an officer's career. Among the main competencies of the officer are: a broad outlook, the ability to conduct original research, select appropriate methods and tools for information processing, data interpretation, the ability to search, process, analyze information and some others. The ability to conduct research is a necessary intellectual skill, as well as the basis of the most modern training programs for military officers. During such programs, the ability to make an original research plan, formulate experimental or research hypotheses, to test them to obtain sound conclusions with the subsequent publication of results. Educational and training programs can provide the army with capable and strategically educated leaders. Through training in educational and research programs, conducting research and writing articles, active self-development, officers can realize their special abilities needed to solve complex global problems that require language, interagency and cultural skills. The concept of personal self-development of officers as scientists involves several elements. These are: designing your own career; in-service training planning; accumulation of professional and combat experience; search for scientific interest and the subject of original research; analysis of research potentials and research base; choice of educational and scientific program; formation of research trajectory; a reasonable promising combination of research and military experience. ; Модель розвитку офіцера ...

The legal bases for the local self-government development taking into account the implementation of administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine are revealed. The characteristics of the constitutional and legal principles of the territorial organization of Ukraine and the system of local self-government are given, the issues of the Ukraine administrative-territorial transformation system at the level of territorial communities are also revealed. The article substantiates the local authorities' legal regulation. As the urgency of the issue at the present stage of development, the priority ways of territories' development in the conditions of administrative-territorial reform are investigated. Emphasis is placed on advancing the reform, which gives impetus to the formation of a more efficient and closest to the citizen institution of power ‒ local government. The issues of increasing the own capacity of territorial communities in solving any tasks of local importance and gaining the ability to make management decisions have been identified. Areas of competence have been worked out, which by definition are specific to local government of the basic level. Local government bodies of the same level receive the same powers taking into account changes in the administrative-territorial structure. Some theses on changes to the basic laws concerning decentralization of power at the subregional level are analyzed. The need for an effective mechanism for the functioning of the system of district state administrations in Ukraine in accordance with the new administrative-territorial structure of the country is emphasized. Thus, the Government has approved the Procedure for measures to establish and reorganize district state administrations, as well as the succession of property, rights and obligations of district state administrations, which are terminated. The results of the research on the relevance of the local government officials' training on the territorial organization of power, law in public administration and law ...

The article presents the training program (for personality-oriented training) developing psychological qualities and personal resources of students' self-realization in the integrated educational environment: psychological hardiness, value-semantic and motivational resources (meaningfulness of life, motives for self-development, values of self-realization, time perspective); resources of self-regulation (self-attitude, self-efficacy, autonomy); active coping strategies. The study purpose was to reveal the content of the training program promoting students' self-realization in the integrated educational environment and the features of its implementation.
The correlation analysis was used to identify links among the components of self-realization of students with disabilities and their personal characteristics – self-attitudes, life values and meanings, basic beliefs, psychological hardiness, time perspective, used coping strategies. The comprehensive empirical study involved 325 students with disabilities and 225 students without disabilities studying in integrated university groups (Kyiv). The targets for psychological influence and meaningful parts of the proposed training promoting self-realization were identified. The training program was a personality-oriented training and included a set of psychological techniques and methods promoting continuous personal growth, activating psychological mechanisms of self-development, self-improvement, self-activation and self-realization of potential capabilities. The training program was developed on the principles of humanistic and positive psychology; the proactive conceptual model of disability; the resource-oriented approach used in psychological counselling and psychotherapy; the concept of self-determined behaviour. The purpose of the proposed training program was to promote students' self-realization via development of their psychological qualities and personal resources: psychological hardiness, value-semantic and motivational resources (meaningfulness of life, motives for self-development, values of self-realization, time perspective); resources of self-regulation (self-attitude, self-efficacy, autonomy); active coping strategies. The training program was based on self-realization components selected by us and consisted of three meaningfully related parts: «I and my inner world» (psychological resources of personal self-realization) including three modules; «I and the Other» (social resources of personal self-realization) with two modules; «I am in the World and Life» (instrumental resources maintaining life quality and psychological well-being) with two modules.
Approbation of the program has showed its high efficiency. The analysed components of students' self-realization – psychological hardiness, self-attitude, self-acceptance, meaningful life goals, active coping – showed their significant growth, and as a consequence, improved students' psychological well-being.

The article is devoted to the theoretical and empirical research of the relationship between self-attitude and emotional experiences, and the hardiness of the individual. Hardiness is seen as an integral characteristic of personality that has a connection with the individual properties of the individual at every level of the individual. The study involved 147 people of all ages. The following diagnostic methods were used: Stolin-Panteleev self-attitude questionnaire, test "Scale of differential emotions" K. Izard, S. Muddy's hardiness test (adaptation by D. O. Leontiev, O. I. Raskazova). The analysis of the results of the self-attitude survey showed that the indicator "Global self-attitude" in the subjects is at a high positive level. Components of self-attitude such as "Self-interest" and "Self-understanding" also scored the most points. The research of the emotional sphere showed the presence of different types of emotions, both positive and negative in the emotional life of the subjects. Correlation analysis revealed the existence of a link between self-attitude and emotional experiences. The results of the research of hardiness showed the development of this characteristic within the average values. Correlation analysis (Pearson's correlation coefficient) showed a high level of correlation between the indicators of self-assessment "Global self-attitude" and "Self-esteem" with hardiness, and also inverse correlations between «Acute negative emotions», «Anxious and depressive emotions» and hardiness. The weakest relationship with hardiness was observed in the scale "Attitude of others". Regression analysis allowed us to build a model that explained the high level of dispersion of hardiness. This model includes components of self-attitude and emotional experiences: "Self-esteem", "Self-interest", «Anxious and depressive emotions», "Attitudes of others", "Self-foam". Among these components, the level of hardiness is most affected by "Self-esteem". Research has shown that there is a link between self-attitude, emotional experiences and hardiness. Also was shown that self-attitude and emotional experiences affects the level of hardiness.

This article attempts to analyze the meaning and role of linguistic identity as one of the determining factors of the process of self-awareness, and in particular – of self and identity in terms of transformation of post-totalitarian society.Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of linguistic identity – as a means of self and identity in the process of overcoming the problems and challenges that were posed by the existence of the totalitarian regime in the Soviet Union, and – emerged during the Russian terrorist groups occupation of Donbass.Noted that one of the essential features of totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, with their tendency to oppression of the human person is erasing all forms of national and personal selfexpression, which prevent the formation of amorphous and homogeneous society dominated by one political force or personality cult. Especially this trend was inherent in the Russian Empire and its original incarnation as the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, which largely inherited despotism and other negative effects of its predecessor. They are not the main unifying idea was to create such an ideology and doctrine that would facilitate the formation of denationalized masses, devoid of national identity, which would be easy to manage.It is noted that the twentieth century brought Ukrainian nation great trials and tragedy, above all - caused the Bolshevik totalitarian power. The latest set out the primary goal of the destruction of national consciousness and identity Ukrainian. Thus, special attention was paid to combating linguistic identity, because it is the most distinguished of the rest of the Ukrainian Soviet population and helped preserve the national consciousness and identity Ukrainian.Overall, it is concluded that for centuries for the Ukrainian language was one of the main means of preservation of identity. Ukrainians have always defend their right to their own language. This issue remains relevant to this day, especially for the Ukrainian of Donbas, who are in a situation where the occupants take away their right to their own language and in every way to destroy everything Ukrainian. It should be noted that Ukrainian of Donbas deliberately subjected to decades of discrimination, and this process continued even in the period of independence, which was one of the factors for the modern Russian occupation of land. ; У статті зроблено спробу проаналізувати значення та роль мовної ідентичності як одного з визначальних факторів процесу самоусвідомлення і, зокрема, самовизначення й самоідентифікації в умовах трансформації посттоталітарного суспільства.Особлива увага приділена характеристиці мовної ідентичності як засобу самовизначення та самоідентифікації в процесі подолання тих проблем і викликів, що були поставлені існуванням тоталітарного режиму в Радянському Союзі, а також проявилися у період окупації частини Донбасу проросійськими терористичними угрупуваннями.Наголошується, що ХХ століття принесло українській нації величезні випробування й трагедії, насамперед спричинені більшовицькою тоталітарною владою. Остання ставила собі за першочергову мету знищення національної свідомості та ідентичності українців. При цьому особлива увага приділялася боротьбі з мовною ідентичністю, адже саме вона найбільше відрізняла українців від решти населення СРСР і сприяла збереженню національної самосвідомості та ідентичності українців. Зроблено висновок, що протягом багатьох століть для українців мова була одним із основних засобів збереження власної ідентичності. Проблема залишається актуальною до цього часу, особливо для українців Донбасу, які потрапили в ситуацію, коли окупанти відбирають у них право на власну мову та всіляко знищують усе українське.