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"An investigation with a variable-stability helicopter was undertaken to ascertain the steadiness and ability to "hold on" to the target of a helicopter employed as a gun platform. Simulated tasks were per formed under differing flight conditions with the control-response characteristics of the helicopter varied for each task. The simulated gun-platform mission included: Variations of headings with respect to wind, constant altitude and "swing around" to a wind he ading of 0 deg, and increases in altitude while performing a swing around to a wind heading of 0 deg. The results showed that increases in control power and damping increased pilot ability to hold on to the target with fewer ya wing oscillations and in a shorter time. The results also indicated that wind direction must be considered in accuracy as sessment. Greatest accuracy throughout these tests was achieved by aiming upwind." ; Prepared at the Langley Research Center, Langley Field, VA. ; Cover title. ; "September 1960"--Cover. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; "An investigation with a variable-stability helicopter was undertaken to ascertain the steadiness and ability to "hold on" to the target of a helicopter employed as a gun platform. Simulated tasks were per formed under differing flight conditions with the control-response characteristics of the helicopter varied for each task. The simulated gun-platform mission included: Variations of headings with respect to wind, constant altitude and "swing around" to a wind he ading of 0 deg, and increases in altitude while performing a swing around to a wind heading of 0 deg. The results showed that increases in control power and damping increased pilot ability to hold on to the target with fewer ya wing oscillations and in a shorter time. The results also indicated that wind direction must be considered in accuracy as sessment. Greatest accuracy throughout these tests was achieved by aiming upwind." ; Mode of access: Internet.

Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes index, government documents pertaining to homosexuality and extracts from the statutes of the 48 States. ; "Second printing, October 1951." ; Bibliography: p. 293-315. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Caption title. ; "Contribution no. 4, Dept. of Economics and Sociology; no. 358, Dept. of Agricultural Economics; and no. 1, Dept. of History, Political Science and Philosophy"--p. 1. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Statutory construction and interpretation, important in every field of law, is vital in a field containing a large number of legislative acts and a considerable body of appellate court decisions construing them. For this reason alone, statutory construction problems are particularly significant in criminal law. Many American jurisdictions punish no activity other than that expressly declared criminal by statute.' The Federal Government, which of course punishes no crimes except those defined by Congress, has contributed to this growth of the criminal law through the imposition of many duties and the proscription of various activities relating to the collection of revenue, national defense, regulation of interstate and foreign commerce and the several other fields into which Federal Government activity is continually expanding. Without the reinforcement of statutory specifications, several states punish conduct which was punishable under common law principles. Even in these jurisdictions, the complexities of our present civilization have required definition of additional conduct the community feels departs from its presently accepted standards. The expansion of state government, also, into fields not previously regulated, and the emergence of many types of conduct unknown to the common law, have made statutory crimes of the first importance.

"August, 1950." ; "This study was undertaken originally as a research project while the writer was a student of Professor Edwin E. Witte of the Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin."--Acknowledgments. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references: leaves 40-44. ; Mode of access: Internet.

New Approaches By the FPC to the Regulation of Natural Gas Producers: an Evaluation Since 1954 the independent producers of natural gas have been regulated by the Federal Power Commission, operating under the Natural Gas Act' as construed by the Supreme Court in the Phillips case. The results of this regulatory activity have been frustration and delay. Recently the Commission has taken steps to relieve some of its miseries. It has instituted a new approach to producer regulation, area pricing,and it has by regulation outlawed the use of certain contract provisions, indefinite price adjustment clauses, deemed especially harmful to the public interest. The probable practicality and legality of the area pricing plan have been discussed elsewhere. However, little attention has been given in legal literature to the important question of whether this approach is appropriate to the underlying economic problems involved in the nation's utilization of its natural gas resources. It is the purpose of this note to examine the economic consequences of both area pricing and the abolition of indefinite price adjustment clauses, drawing on the results of recent scholarship in the field of economics. Charles E. McCallum ============================ The problem of urban decay and blight has become increasingly recognized as a widespread national problem.' The initial federal legislation aimed at eliminating urban decay authorized capital grants to local public agencies for the acquisition and clearance of slum areas which were breeding places for crime and disease and the construction thereon of low rent public housing. The Housing Act of 19493 authorized federal aid to local projects for the acquisition and clearance of "blighted, deteriorated, or deteriorating" areas and the redevelopment of such areas by private enterprise to as large a degree as possible. State enabling acts were passed which authorized the establishment of local agencies to administer projects and the contribution of matching funds by municipalities. The ...

"A bibliography of Toynbee critics" : p. [147]-151. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; 2

It is only partly true that the lack of materials on Japanese taxation which are available to the foreign lawyer in English is the result of difficulties of language or a lack of familiarity with the legal and tax systems. Rather more it seems to reflect the Japanese bar's own lack of interest in the subject, a large part of which is occasioned by the lack of tax litigation. The tax field has been long and well occupied by the government tax economist on the one hand and the ordinary accountant on the other; the lawyer's role has been peripheral. It is not the purpose of this brief treatment to do more than cover those aspects which are of general interest to most foreigners and foreign firms as a result of the extensive 1962 amendments; and to do so in a very tentative fashion, since only a year has elapsed since passage. So much remains to be understood that even a brief outline of the law and the regulations can be rather misleading in terms of practice. Japanese administrative procedures are unique and it is well at the outset for foreign lawyers to bear in mind that in Japanese tax practice the administrative appeal and litigation in court is not the reasonable alternative in planning or in settling disagreements that it is in the United States. Thus the study of tax law is not a prelude to possible litigation but rather a means of understanding and measuring official attitudes and performance.

The decision for the United States in "Dalehite v. United States,"'though by a closely divided Supreme Court, possibly indicates a turning point in litigation involving the construction of the Federal Tort Claims Act. The trend theretofore had been to expand the concept of suability and liability expressed in the Act. In "United States v. Aetna Casualty and Surety Co." the Court had established the right of an insurer-subrogee to sue in its own name on a portion of a claim arising in favor of the insured-subrogor, despite the Anti-Assignment Statute and the obvious procedural and administrative difficulties not dealt with in any wise by the statute. As a rhetorical conclusion to the Court's opinion, Chief Justice Vinson quoted Judge Cardozo: "The exemption of the sovereign from suit involves hardship enough, where consent has been withheld. We are not to add to its rigor by refinement of construction, where consent has been announced." The decision in United States v. Yellow Cab Co. upheld the right of plaintiffs to join private parties as co-defendants with the United States as alleged joint tort-feasors, and the right to implead the United States as a third-party defendant for the purpose of contribution, where local law contemplates contribution, although the jurisdictional statute is completely silent on this important adjunctive branch of tort law. In reaching its conclusion, the Court relied in part upon the fact that "the Act expressly makes the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure applicable, and Rule 14 provides for third-party practice."

"The overall errors of the service altimeter installations of a variety of civil transport, military, and general-aviation airplanes have been experimentally determined during normal landing-approach and take-off operations. The average height above the runway at which the data were obtained was about 280 feet for the landings and about 440 feet for the take-offs. An analysis of the data obtained from 196 airplanes during 415 landing approaches and from 70 airplanes during 152 take-offs showed that: 1. The overall error of the altimeter installations in the landing- approach condition had a probable value (50 percent probability) of +/- 36 feet and a maximum probable value (99.7 percent probability) of +/- 159 feet with a bias of +10 feet. 2. The overall error in the take-off condition had a probable value of +/- 47 feet and a maximum probable value of +/- 207 feet with a bias of -33 feet. 3. The overall errors of the military airplanes were generally larger than those of the civil transports in both the landing-approach and take-off conditions. In the landing-approach condition the probable error and the maximum probable error of the military airplanes were +/- 43 and +/- 189 feet, respectively, with a bias of +15 feet, whereas those for the civil transports were +/- 22 and +/- 96 feet, respectively, with a bias of +1 foot. 4. The bias values of the error distributions (+10 feet for the landings and -33 feet for the take-offs) appear to represent a measure of the hysteresis characteristics (after effect and recovery) and friction of the instrument and the pressure lag of the tubing-instrument system." ; Prepared at the Langley Research Center, Langley Field, VA. ; Cover title. ; "November 1960."--Cover. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; "The overall errors of the service altimeter installations of a variety of civil transport, military, and general-aviation airplanes have been experimentally determined during normal landing-approach and take-off operations. The average height above the runway at which the data were obtained was about 280 feet for the landings and about 440 feet for the take-offs. An analysis of the data obtained from 196 airplanes during 415 landing approaches and from 70 airplanes during 152 take-offs showed that: 1. The overall error of the altimeter installations in the landing- approach condition had a probable value (50 percent probability) of +/- 36 feet and a maximum probable value (99.7 percent probability) of +/- 159 feet with a bias of +10 feet. 2. The overall error in the take-off condition had a probable value of +/- 47 feet and a maximum probable value of +/- 207 feet with a bias of -33 feet. 3. The overall errors of the military airplanes were generally larger than those of the civil transports in both the landing-approach and take-off conditions. In the landing-approach condition the probable error and the maximum probable error of the military airplanes were +/- 43 and +/- 189 feet, respectively, with a bias of +15 feet, whereas those for the civil transports were +/- 22 and +/- 96 feet, respectively, with a bias of +1 foot. 4. The bias values of the error distributions (+10 feet for the landings and -33 feet for the take-offs) appear to represent a measure of the hysteresis characteristics (after effect and recovery) and friction of the instrument and the pressure lag of the tubing-instrument system." ; Mode of access: Internet.

The bactericidal activity of a general purpose disinfectant consisting of 25% sodium-o-phenylphenolate and 75% sodium-4- and 6-chloro-2-phenylphenolate was evaluated by a simulated in-use, surface-square dilution method. Common floor (asphalt, rubber, and unglazed tiles) and wall (stainless steel tile, ceramic tile, and painted wood) surfaces of various porosities and compositions were selected to simulate actual-use conditions.

Bibliographical footnotes. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; UM copy 1: With this are bound Research monographs no. 2-8: Some problems in the strategic analysis of international politics / M.A. Kaplan. The rationale of catalytic war / A.L. Burns. Adam Smith and Karl Marx on occupational change / A.S. Feldman. The communist coup in Czechoslovakia / M.A. Kaplan. Military elite and social change, Egypt since Napoleon / M. Berger. American capability in basic science and technological invention / A.S. Feldman and K. Knorr. Church and state in Franco Spain / W. Ebenstein.

Mr. Justice Frankfurter recently said that the number of cases coming before the Supreme Court of the United States which were not based on statutes was "reduced almost to zero." This growth of statutory as against pure case law is, of course, not confined to the United States. It inevitably accompanies the social welfare state and the increase in government which every modern industrial society has experienced and which two world wars, with their need for the total mobilization of resources, have further stimulated. Apart from these sociological factors which affect states with the most different legal systems, it is still customary to contrast the "code-minded" continental systems with the "case-minded" tradition of Anglo-American jurisprudence. Insofar as it is meant to indicate a parallel contrast in the judicial approach to statutes, this is in many ways a false antithesis. It is quite true that the history of the common law systems has encouraged an empirical and inductive approach to legal problems, a disinclination to think in terms of abstract rights and duties rather than of concrete remedies, a judicial distrust of parliamentary encroachments upon the sphere of the "lawyer's law." As will be shown, this attitude still powerfully influences the judicial approach to statutes in contemporary England. Insofar as American'law has taken over the basic principles and approach of the common law, this may well be true of the United States too; but the fundamental difference is that the United States, like other countries inside and outside the common law system, likes a written constitution.

In this letter to Robert Benoliel, Catherine May discusses her strategic approach to the authorization at NPR issues which encountered great resistance by multiple interests.